毛细胞白血病的超微结构观察

毛细胞白血病 ( HCL)是一种少见类型的白血病 ,发病率约占白血病的 2 % ,而儿童患者更少 ,临床统计发病年龄平均为 5 0岁。自 1 95 8年 Bouroncle等 [1]首先用透射电镜观察该病的血细胞后 ,电镜观察已成为研究和诊断该病的重要手段。毛细胞在透射电镜下以胞浆呈现许多不规则突起为其特征。我们在观察一例儿童毛细胞白血病时 ,发现红细胞系细胞表面也不规则 ,有许多球拍状突起 ,现报道如下。材料与方法　患儿 ,男 ,1 2岁 ,临床骨髓片毛细胞占 91 % ,诊断为毛细胞白血病。取肝素抗凝的骨髓血细胞分层后 ,常规透射电镜制样 ,日立 H- 6 0 0型…     

胸腺五肽对产科危重症患者免疫调理治疗的随机对照研究

目的：研究产科危重病人CD3^＋、CD4^＋,CD8^＋、NK细胞记数、CD4^＋／CD8^＋、α白细胞介紊-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF—α）的变化,探讨胸腺五肽（Thymopentin,TP-5）对产科重症病人的免疫调理作用。方法．2005年1月至2007年12月71例收住重庆医科大学附属第一医院中心ICU的产科重症病人随机分为对照组和治疗组,两组分别于治疗后1、5、10d检测CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD8^＋和NK细胞数;于治疗前和治疗后1、5d测定病人血清IL-6和TNF—α的动态变化。结果：TP-5免疫调理治疗后两组病人T淋巴细胞总数和亚群在第5d开始有显著性差异,治疗组CD8^＋低于对照组,CD4^＋、NK细胞和CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值高于对照组（P〈0．05）。第10d治疗组CD3^＋、CD4^＋、NK细胞和CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值高于对照组,CD8^＋细胞低于对照组（P〈0．05）。治疗组血清IL-6在第5d下降（P〈0．05）。TNF—α在第1d开始低于对照组（P〈0．03）,下降在第5d显著下降（P〈0．05）。结论：TP-5能明显调节产科危重病人免疫功能,使之趋于平衡,并最终获得改善预后的效果。且副反应少,可作为良好免疫调节剂用于产科危重病人综合治疗。     

电镜在巨核细胞性白血病诊断中的应用

巨核母细胞及不成熟幼稚巨核细胞性白血病,单靠一般形态学分析,难以鉴别本病的病理细胞,必须结合电镜细胞化学及特异性抗体免疫标记综合判断明确诊断。标本采自5例巨核细胞性白血病患者的周围血及骨髓穿刺,同时分别做一般超微结构观察,血小板过氧化物酶(PPO)反应,髓过氧化物酶(MPO)反应及抗血小板糖蛋白单抗(CD_(41)、CD_(42))免疫金标记。电镜下5例病人白血病细胞的共同超微结构特征有(1)细胞大小不一,少数幼稚型细胞,比原粒,原红,原     

激光血管内照射对银屑病病员外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞的调节作用

目的探索ILLLI治疗对银屑病员细胞免疫功能的影响.方法ILLLI照射时间1h,每天1次,10次为一疗程,观察治疗前后银屑病患者的外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞的变化.结果(1)CD+3治疗后均值有明显增高,P值＜0.05,治疗前后有显著差异.(2)CD+4均值治疗后略有下降,CD+4/CD+8、NK细胞均值治疗后略有上升,接近正常人均值.(3)CD+4、CD+8、NK细胞均值在30%以下治疗后均有增高;均值30%以上治疗后均有下降,前者P值≤0.05、后者P值＜0.01,治疗前后有显著及非常显著差异.结论ILLLI治疗对银屑病病员外周血T细胞亚群的功能有双向调控作用.提示ILLLI治疗对银屑病病员的细胞免疫功能有双向调控作用.     

人骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养及其形态学特点

利用Percoll梯度分离、贴壁筛选法及单克隆培养法分离、培养人骨髓间充质干细胞（mesenehymal stem cells,MSCs）;采用流式细胞术检测MSCs免疫学表型;采用细胞组织化学和免疫荧光技术观察MSCs的一般形态学特点;利用透射电镜和扫描电镜观察MSCs的超微结构。结果表明,分离、培养出高度同源性的MSCs具有独特的细胞免疫学表型,即CD73、CD105、CD44、CD166、CD90阳性,CD34、CD31、CD45阴性;细胞组织化学MSCs PAS-过碘酸雪夫氏染色阳性,苏丹黑-B（SB）及碱性磷酸酶（AKP）染色阴性;免疫荧光见细胞CD73、CD105阳性;透射电镜下MSCs表面有微绒毛,相邻细胞间有缝隙连接,细胞器丰富;扫描电镜下MSCs呈长梭形、鱼群状排列,表面有许多微绒毛。实验结果为MSCs的诱导分化及应用提供了形态学基础。     

1例肾脏黏液样小管状和梭形细胞癌的临床病理学观察

目的探讨肾脏黏液样小管状和梭形细胞癌的临床病理特征、免疫表型、鉴别诊断及预后。方法对1例肾脏黏液样小管状和梭形细胞癌进行临床病理学观察和免疫表型研究,并复习相关文献。结果患者女性,41岁,因无痛性血尿2周于2007年5月18日入院行肾癌切除术。肿物3cm×2cm×2cm,界限清,切面灰白,质软,镜下可见索状、小管状和束状3种结构;肿瘤细胞为立方形和梭形,异型性不明显,核分裂像罕见;肿瘤细胞表达CKpan、CK7、P504S、Vimentin。结论肾脏黏液样小管状和梭形细胞癌是一种罕见的低度恶性肿瘤,须与其他类型肾细胞癌鉴别。     

超微结构观察和c-kit标记在胃肠道间质瘤诊断上的意义

目的：进一步探讨超微结构观察和c-kit标记在胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）临床病理诊断上的意义。方法：随机选择27例GIST；标本经常规病理、电镜超薄切片和免疫组化染,色用光学和电子显微镜观察。结果：免疫组化：c-kit阳性者20例（74.1%）、CD34阳性者14例（51.9%）；单一表达平滑肌相关抗原者10例，单一表达神经相关抗原者7例，双相免疫表型阳性者6例，c-kit伴CD34单项阳性者4例。vimentin阳性率为92.6%，CgA均为阴性。电镜下，GIST瘤细胞中可查见①单一平滑肌分化标志（12例）；②单一神经分化标志（7例）；③两类分化标志同时出现（3例）；④无特异分化标志（5例）。GIST细胞的这种超微结构特征被认为和Cajal间质细胞相似，都具有前体细胞性超微结构特征。临床上，患者的消化道症状主要与肿瘤的大小和生长部位有关。病理组织学形态为恶性者13例，交界型1例，良性13例。免疫组化结果和超微结构分化特征二者之间完全相符者23例，不符者4例。结论：发生在胃肠道的间叶性肿瘤绝大多数都是GIST。其病理组织学形态主要呈梭形细胞型、上皮样细胞型、或两种细胞混合型。GIST瘤细胞的免疫表型特征为c-kit呈弥漫强阳性，CD34常呈阳性，actin、SMA、S－100、NSE有时或呈局灶阳性，dasmin、NF可能呈阳性，CgA多呈阴性。据此对GIST做出准确诊断并不困难。     

光动力治疗对荷瘤小鼠肿瘤淋巴细胞表型的影响

目的:观察光动力治疗(PDT)肿瘤留置对残存肿瘤局部淋巴细胞表型的影响。方法:采用双侧小鼠荷H22移植型肝癌模型。将30只双侧荷瘤小鼠分为3组:PDT组,切除组,对照组。光动力治疗一侧肿瘤后,定量观察残存肿瘤和脾脏内CD4+和CD8+细胞的变化。使用免疫组织化学及图像分析技术。结果:在原位肿瘤内,有极少量的CD4+细胞。在残存肿瘤内,未见CD4+细胞,CD8+细胞呈明显的带状分布,在光动力治疗组,CD8+细胞的密度明显增高,但仍不足以杀死残存肿瘤,其活性也有待进一步研究。     

骨髓增生异常综合症的超微结构观察

本文报告9例骨髓增生异常综合症(MDS)患者骨髓标本的电镜观察结果。患者男性8例,女性1例,年龄24～61岁。病程10多天至2年,既往无化疗或放疗史。按FAB标准诊断及分型,包括难治性贫血(RA)4例,原始细胞过多性难治性贫血(RAEB)5例。标本经常规方法制成超薄切片。 RA和RAEB患者骨髓病变基本一致,三个血细胞系都有部分细胞受累,表现为病态造血。幼红细胞常出现核浆发育不平衡,以及核的各种异常,如外形不整、分叶;核裂、核泡;双核、芽生现象;染色质限局性消失。凝聚及溶解;最终核固缩、破碎或全部溶解。胞浆经常含较多膜性细胞器,如成群的小泡、次级溶酶体或来源不明的膜结构等(图1～2)。本组中7例见到巨核细胞,其     

毛细胞白血病中毛细胞的超微结构特征

应用透射电镜观察6例毛细胞白血病（HCL）患者外周血、骨髓血和脾细胞悬液中毛细胞的超微结构特征。结果显示,毛细胞表面微绒毛较多,呈细长指状或环状,或为粗大细胞突起;胞质内细胞器丰富,偶见核糖体-板层复合体（RLC）。结果提示毛细胞表面的微绒毛是HCL超微病理诊断的重要依据,而RLC是HCL诊断和治疗的参考依据。     

NKG2D配体在视网膜母细胞瘤RB细胞的表达及意义

目的：探讨视网膜母细胞瘤RB细胞株上NKG2D配体的表达情况及其对同种异体NK细胞杀伤活性的影响。方法：采用半定量RT-PCR法检测RB细胞及人红白血病细胞K562细胞上NKG2D配体MICA、MICB、ULBP1、ULBP2、ULBP3的mRNA表达情况。应用MTT法检测人NK细胞对肿瘤细胞的杀伤活性。结果：K562细胞表面表达MICA、MICB、ULBP1、ULBP2、ULBP3,RB细胞表面表达MICA、MICB、ULBP2、ULBP3不表达ULBP1。K562细胞表面NKG2D的配体mRNA表达强度明显强于RB细胞（P〈0．05）。当效靶比分别为5：1、10：1、20：1、40：1时NK细胞对K562、RB细胞的杀伤活性分别为28．32％±2．06％、9．11％±0．89％;45．62％±1．17％、22．87％±1．38％;60．79％±1．78％、32．69％±0．37％;73．83％±3．05％、50．29％±2．49％,在各效靶比时NK细胞对K562细胞的杀伤活性较RB细胞明显增强（P〈0．05）。结论：NKG2D配体影响NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤活性,NKG2D配体表达水平可能决定着NK细胞抗肿瘤免疫应答的强弱,提高NKG2D配体的表达有可能提高NK细胞的抗肿瘤作用。     

Nanowire Based Mechanostimulating Platform for Tunable Activation of Natural Killer Cells

The understanding of the activation mechanism of natural killer (NK) cells has been traditionally based on the biochemical interaction of NK cell receptors with the ligands presenting on target cells. Yet, how physical features of the NK cell environment, such as stiffness and nanoscale topography, regulate the activity of NK cells, is unknown. An artificial microenvironment is developed for NK cell stimulation based on variably elongated nanowires functionalized with activating antigens and used it as a tunable model system to study the separate and cumulative effects of elasticity and nanotopography on NK cell activation. It is found that late signaling, degranulation, and cytokine production in NK cells consistently vary with nanowire length, and it is maximized for the longest nanowires, measuring ≈20 µm in length. Intriguingly, a similar trend is observed for nanowires lacking antigens, albeit with a lower activation magnitude overall, indicating that chemical and mechanical stimuli independently determine the activation of NK cells. The demonstrated tuning of the activation of NK cells by nanoscale physical features of their environment not only provides an important insight into the regulation mechanism of these lymphocytes, but also paves the way to rationally designed nanomaterials for controlled ex vivo activation of NK cells in immunotherapy.     

Monoclonal antibodies IPO-4 recognizing antigen-activated human T and B lymphocytes

Spleen cells from BALB/c mice previously immunized with B-lymphoblastoid cell line RPMI-1788 were fused with P3-X-63-Ag8.653 myeloma cells. Monoclonal antibodies (Ab) IPO-4 were screened on 18 cell lines by the indirect immuno-fluorescence method. Cryostat sections of tissues were stained according to the PAP technique. The Mab IPO-4 were tested for reactivity with blood cells of 17 healthy persons and 102 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukemias, hairy cell leukemia, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease and mitogen stimulated lymphocytes. MAb IPO-4 were found to be directed against antigen expressed on activated T and B cells.     

光敏寡核苷酸介导光动力净化白血病细胞

如何有效清除造血干细胞移植物中残留白血病细胞一直是血液病学中的重要课题之一。目前,所有药物净化方法收效甚微,这促使人们寻求新的高效净化策略。试图通过光敏剂修饰反义寡核苷酸介导光动力净化白血病细胞,以期为临床有效净化造血干细胞移植物中残留白血病细胞提供新方法。     

Hybrid Enzyme‐Polymeric Capsules/Mesoporous Silica Nanodevice for In Situ Cytotoxic Agent Generation

A novel nanocarrier based on functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles able to transport a non‐toxic pro‐drug and the enzyme responsible for its activation is presented. This nanodevice is able to generate in situ cytotoxic species once accumulated in the tumoral cell. Enzymes are sensitive macromolecules which can suffer denaturalization in biological media due to the presence of proteases or other aggressive agents. Moreover, the direct attachment of enzymes to the silica surface can reduce their activity by conformational changes or active site blockage. For these reasons, in order to create a robust system able to work in living organisms, the enzymes are previously coated with a protective polymeric shell which allows the attachment on the silica surface preserving their activity. The efficacy of this hybrid nanodevice for antitumoral purposes is tested against several human tumoral cells as neuroblastoma and leukemia showing significant efficacy. It converts this device in a promising candidate for further in vivo studies for oncology therapy.     

Block of NK cell activity by ICO-11 monoclonal antibodies

Antigen expression determined by ICO-11 monoclonal antibodies was studied on leukemia cells from bone marrow, blood cells from patients with lymphoproliferative diseases and natural killer (NK) cells responsible for natural resistance. ICO-11 monoclonal antibodies were shown to recognize the antigen expressed on NK-cells, predecessors of T-cells (thymocytes), myelomonocytes (myeloblasts, monoblasts) and to block NK-cell activity.     

The effect of autoplasma of patients with breast cancer on the functional activity of natural killer cells and adhering mononuclear cells in peripheral blood in vitro

Autoplasma of 43 breast cancer patients and 30 donors has been studied for its effect on the activity of natural killer (NK) cells and adherent cells phagocytosis. The cytotoxic activity of NK cells and the phagocytic activity of adherent cells as well as the cytotoxic activity of plasma of breast cancer patients toward K-562 cells are found to increase during tumour progression. Autoplasma of cancer patients is shown to block the cytotoxic activity of NK and even more markedly--the phagocytic activity of adherent cells. As a result, breast cancer patients have nearly normal level of the cytotoxic activity of NK in the presence of autoplasma, whereas the phagocytic activity of adherent mononuclears decreases. Thus, autoplasma of breast cancer patients properly affects the cytotoxic activity of the NK cells and the phagocytic activity of adherent cells.     

A model of the interclonal interactions in chronic myeloleukemia

A new model of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) pathogenesis based on the idea of some cellular clones dominance over the others at the stem cells level is described. The model gives good explanations to all basic clinical variants of CML as well as to all well-known cytological phenomena to be found recently in this type of leukemia. The most probable mechanisms which might be responsible for the above-mentioned phenomenon of dominance between different cellular clones are discussed.     

柠檬醛对阿糖胞苷抗白血病细胞HL-60强效增敏作用研究

通过对柠檬醛与临床首选药物之一阿糖胞苷联用抗白血病细胞株HL-60的研究,探索二者联用的生物效应及其作用机制。采用MTT和DAPI核染色等方法观察柠檬醛同阿糖胞苷的不等浓度组合HL-60的增殖抑制和诱导凋亡作用,相分析电泳激光散射技术检测联用对细胞表面电荷的影响。柠檬醛显示一定的抑制HL-60增殖,促进其凋亡的效应,并与阿糖胞苷有较显著的协同性,增加柠檬醛浓度与药物阿糖胞苷联合作用可使膜表面电位下降的幅度增大。柠檬醛有联合阿糖胞苷临床治疗潜力。     

A Meta‐Analysis of Pornography Consumption and Actual Acts of Sexual Aggression in General Population Studies

Whether pornography consumption is a reliable correlate of sexually aggressive behavior continues to be debated. Meta‐analyses of experimental studies have found effects on aggressive behavior and attitudes. That pornography consumption correlates with aggressive attitudes in naturalistic studies has also been found. Yet, no meta‐analysis has addressed the question motivating this body of work: Is pornography consumption correlated with committing actual acts of sexual aggression? 22 studies from 7 different countries were analyzed. Consumption was associated with sexual aggression in the United States and internationally, among males and females, and in cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies. Associations were stronger for verbal than physical sexual aggression, although both were significant. The general pattern of results suggested that violent content may be an exacerbating factor.