XWord,一种针对交互式XML关键词搜索的基本框架

XML关键词搜索使用户可以在不了解数据结构的情况下从XML数据中检索信息.之前的大部分XML关键词搜索引擎都是采用一次性的方式来呈现搜索到的XML结果段,不能使用户对结果进行进一步的优化.在这些情况下,由于关键词查询存在歧义,如何时刻保证搜索引擎准确地返回所需信息就十分重要了.提出了一种新的XML关键词搜索引擎XWord,该引擎为有效用户交互提供全面支持,自动返回单元认证及拥有灵活的匹配排序语义.XWord提供灵活的输入方式,允许用户对结果段进行扩展到邻近的分段,并会给用户有效的动态查询建议.XWord还有很好的自动兼容性,可以在无需用户干涉的情况下处理任意XML数据,这一点对从大量异构XML数据中检索信息是非常重要的.最后给出大量的实验结果来展示XWord的有效性和效率.     

有效的XML模糊内容与结构检索和计分

XML文档包含有内容和结构,除了可以进行纯内容(CO)检索外,还可以进行内容和结构(CAS)检索.提出了一种新的CAS检索方法,这种方法以内容检索为主,结构匹配为辅,结构约束主要影响结点的计分,而不是答案结点的选择.这种方法分3步进行:首先,一个CAS查询被分解为若干个查询片段;然后处理每个查询片段;最后,将每个查询片段得到的部分查询结果综合起来,得到最终的查询结果.提出了一种新的计分方案,它首先计算一个查询结果在每个查询片段上的得分,然后将这些得分总和起来得到最终得分.提出的计分方法根据检索结果内容和结构两方面的相关性计分,更符合用户查询意图和查询语义.大量的实验结果验证了提出方法的有效性.     

基于关键词权重的XML查询结果排序方法

XML关键字查询结果质量不高的一个很重要的原因是查询关键词难以反映用户真实的查询意图,而给关键词设置权重在一定程度上可以解决这一难题. 本文结合关键字之间的结构关系提出了一种新的结果排序方法,该方法给查询关键词设置权重,并参照查询关键词的权重给包含关键字的结点设定结点权重,然后根据关系树中的结点权重和关键词之间结构关系^[1]统计SLCA结点的重要程度,再以此依据对查询结果进行排序,最后返回给用户有序的查询结果. 实验结果和分析表明,提出的排序方法具有较高的准确率,能够较好地满足用户查询的需求和偏好.     

XML数据模式下基于purpose的隐私访问控制策略研究与实现

提出构建基于purpose的对XML数据模式的隐私访问控制策略模型,解决由路径传递引起的查询隐私数据泄漏问题。基于purpose的隐私访问控制策略是一棵最小安全访问树模型。最小安全访问树是一组无冗余路径的以XPath{/,//,[]}片段表示的路径表达式,XPath{/,//,[]}是一组允许访问的隐私结点路径。实验表明最小安全树生成时间取决于隐私结点在一个XML文档中的标注时间和冗余路径的判别时间,而隐私结点的标注时间与隐私数据在XML文档中的分布位置有关。最小安全访问树模型能控制隐私数据的查询泄漏。     

基于查询意图识别与主题建模的文档检索算法

传统的搜索引擎仅返回给用户包含查询关键字的文档,忽略了查询背后用户真正的信息需求。为此,将文档检索看作个性化推荐问题,提出一种查询意图识别的主题模型个性化检索算法。对用户检索历史进行潜在狄利克雷分布主题建模,结合检索历史主题模型识别用户查询的潜在意图,并按主题相关度进行文档推荐,计算查询到文档集的KL距离对文档集排序,最终返回给用户个性化检索文档列表。实验结果表明,与基于协同相似计算和基于用户聚类的推荐算法相比,该算法能够更准确有效地为用户提供个性化检索。     

基于有效路径权重的XML树匹配算法

针对当前XML文档信息查询算法的不足,提出一种基于有效路径权重的树匹配算法。在保持XML文档树有效结点和树结构的基础上,树根结点信息最重要,随着树深度增加,结点信息重要性逐渐减弱的特点,按照路径层次自动计算路径权重,并赋予相应路径,根据树结点的有效信息和树结构的有效路径计算树的匹配度。在大规模XML文档查询方面,实验验证了该算法在保证较高查准率和查全率的基础上,有效提高了查询效率。     

基于关键字密度的XML关键字检索

关键字检索具有友好的用户操作体验,该检索方式已在文本信息检索领域得到了广泛而深入的应用.对XML数据采用关键字检索是目前研究的热点.基于查询语义的XML关键字检索方法存在返回大量与用户查询意图无关的查询片段或者丢失符合用户查询意图的片段这两个问题.针对这些问题,在考虑LCA横向和纵向两个维度的基础上,提出了用户查询意图与LCA相关性的两个规则,根据两个规则定义了LCA的边密度和路径密度,建立了综合的LCA节点评分公式,最后设计TopLCA-K算法对LCA进行排名,并利用中心位置索引CI提高了TopLCA-K算法的效率.实验结果显示,利用所提出的方法返回的查询节点更加符合用户需求.     

CSBTT:一种基于二叉树遍历的XML文档编码模式

XML文档数据编码模式是XML文档查询处理的基础, 好的文档编码模式有利于提高文档的查询效率. 为了解决XML数据查询效率低、支持动态更新等问题. 本文在二叉树遍历的编码基础上, 引入二叉树的三叉链表存储结构对XML文档结点进行编码. 该编码利用自然数作为编码序号, 因此编码长度较短; 引入结点双亲指针, 方便结点之间结构关系的判定, 结点采用三叉树链式存储, 方便文档的更新操作.     

基于模糊语言方法的信息检索系统的研究

该文提出了一个基于模糊语言方法的信息检索系统模型。该系统分为查询界面子系统、数据库子系统和检索子系统三大部分。在查询界面子系统,用布尔表达式表示用户的查询请求,并对每个查询关键词赋予了两种不同语义的语言值权重,该权重表达了用户的模糊检索要求;在数据库子系统,用索引词一文档模糊矩阵表示待检索的文档,对每个索引词。根据其在文档中的出现频率大小。引入了数值权重;在检索子系统,运用模糊语言方法,对用户输入的布尔查询表达式与索引词一文档模糊矩阵进行自底向上的模糊匹配,最后返回满足用户要求的检索结果。相对于传统的基于查询关键词精确匹配的检索系统而言,该系统能较好地满足用户查询要求中的灵活性。     

基于本体的工程数据关键字检索和排序方法

工程数据大量存在于现代生产制造企业。传统工程数据上沿用的关键字查询方法具有难以处理各种异构文档、无法识别关键字在工程领域的语义等缺陷。针对此,提出一种新的工程数据关键字检索方法。该方法先通过建立代表工程数据的本体,对各种异构的工程文档用适合的工具提取文本信息,建立XML快照。XML快照为索引关键字标注了相对应的本体概念。检索框架首先将用户的查询关键字匹配到本体的概念上,在匹配的过程中,提出一种算法消减关键字的语义混淆。在此基础上,提出一种排序模型,该模型对符合查询的XML快照进行打分排序,打分着重考虑了快照在语义上满足关键字查询的程度。检索框架最后排序并返回快照对应的原始文档给用户,使异构的工程数据文档能被统一处理和查询。该方法在工程数据上的检索结果查全率、查准率高,检索结果排序合理,能适用于实际企业中的大量工程数据文档,解决了传统工程数据检索的不足。实验使用了实际数据集,验证说明了该方法的实际有效性和性能上的高效性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.