抚顺石化乙烯装置急冷系统的模拟分析

利用Aspen Plus软件对中石油抚顺石化乙烯装置急冷系统进行模拟,提出以急冷油塔侧线采出量作为汽油产品干点调节的主要方式以降低汽油循环量。发现降低汽油循环量可以提升急冷油塔釜温度进而提升稀释蒸汽发生量;应在满足急冷油塔顶温度的前提下尽量减少盘油循环量以提升能源利用效率;通过降低急冷油循环量提高急冷油温度的方法提高平均传热温差,更有利于急冷油的热量回收。     

乙烯装置急冷系统的流程模拟与热量回收优化分析

利用PROII化工流程模拟软件,对乙烯装置急冷系统进行了流程模拟,将模拟结果与实际数据进行对比。在对模拟数据进行提取后,找到影响急冷油热量回收关键操作参数。分析得出裂解气进塔温度、粗汽油回流量、裂解柴油采出量等操作参数与急冷油热量回收值的关系曲线,结合装置的实际生产提出了优化急冷油热量回收的操作条件,为乙烯装置急冷系统的优化生产和操作提供了理论依据和数据支持。     

急冷油系统优化运行探讨

乙烯装置急冷油系统粘度问题一直是困扰乙烯装置安全稳定运行的难题,通过对中国石油吉林石化公司乙烯厂乙烯装置2套油洗系统对比发现:先进的工艺设计对急冷油粘度控制成效显著。采用降低急冷油返塔温度、兑入高含苯物料,以及选择适当减粘剂等措施,可明显改善急冷油系统的运行状况,以及改善急冷油粘度控制效果,为装置的稳定运行、降低能耗创造了有利条件。     

增加急冷系统余热回收的有效措施

通过对东方乙烯装置急冷系统的分析,找出装置存在的汽油分馏塔釜温较低、热量分布不均匀、塔釜急冷油粘度大、外补中压蒸汽过大等问题。通过对急冷油系统、工艺水系统、稀释蒸汽系统实施技术改造,有效地回收了急冷系统余热,增加了系统的效能。     

渣油催化裂化反应再生系统过程优化

本文采用十三集总动力学模型对大庆油田化工总厂60万吨／年渣油催化裂化装置进行了模拟计算,考查了不同掺渣比,反应温度,雾化蒸汽量和急冷油量对产品分布的影响,确定了较优的工艺条件。研究结果表明,该模型具有良好的模拟精度,能很好地预测不同条件下的产品分布,对生产具有一定指导意义。     

乙烯急冷系统急冷油黏度控制新技术及实践

分析了急冷油黏度和急冷油组成的关系,从急冷油组成的影响因素上研究了急冷油黏度的控制方法,介绍了减黏塔减黏技术。详细阐述了采用1台减黏塔控制2套急冷油系统急冷油黏度技术,以及大庆乙烯急冷油系统改造的实际效果。     

高效抗堵型塔器技术在急冷油塔改造中应用

文章对国内某企业乙烯装置急冷油塔的改造情况进行了详细的介绍,在认真分析现装置及同类厂家情况的基础上,提出了采用高效低压降、抗堵型塔器技术改造急冷油塔的方案,并在实践中取得了良好的效果.     

急冷油稀释蒸汽发生器内漏原因分析及应对措施

乙烯装置急冷油稀释蒸汽发生器用于回收急冷油中的热量,以产生的稀释蒸汽供裂解炉使用,减少外补中压蒸汽,降低装置的能耗.急冷油稀释蒸汽发生器一旦发生内漏,急冷油会漏进工艺水中,导致稀释蒸汽发生系统被污染,影响装置的平稳生产,严重时装置被迫停车处理.通过对茂名2号乙烯装置急冷油稀释蒸汽发生器发生内漏的原因进行分析,提出相应的...     

影响常减压蒸馏拔出率的因素及改进措施

文章通过分析茂石化各蒸馏装置减压深拔的现状，指出影响减压拔出率的主要因素是加热炉出口温度及减压塔汽化段真空度，指出了提高装置设计水平和工艺操作水平是提高减压深拔的关键。设计上町通过增加抽真空级数．并增加急冷油，降低塔底温度，以及通过减压炉管逐级扩径，减小转油线温降等方法，尽可能提高减捱炉出口温度实现深拔；工艺操作上可通过调整炉管注汽和塔底吹汽，调整各回流降低塔顶温度，调整冷却水降最降低冷后温度，适当提高常压炉温度减少减压负荷，从而达到提高减压拔出率的目的。     

Aspen Hysys在油田净化商品油蒸馏装置的应用

针对让那若尔油田油气处理厂自用油需求及气候条件等特点,采用Aspen Hysys流程模拟软件对净化商品油蒸馏工艺进行模拟,考察了塔板数、侧线抽出位置、进料温度、回流比、塔操作压力、塔底汽提蒸汽用量及侧线汽提蒸汽用量等因素对蒸馏效果的影响,并得到了相应的影响规律。又通过进料温度和回流比的正交模拟试验结合现场的实际条件优化了工艺条件,确定了冬、夏两季的加工方案工艺条件。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。