基于最小描述长度原则的属性图概要方法

图概要技术是管理、分析和可视化大规模图的关键技术之一。如何综合结构和属性信息进行图概要是一个挑战。大部分现有的图概要方法或者只考虑结构或属性某一方面的信息,或者要求属性的表现形式是一致的。结合信息论中最小描述长度原则,对属性图概要问题建模,将其转化为求解最小表示代价问题,以实现图压缩和图概要的双重目标。提出了一种计算节点属性相似性的方法,该属性度量方法对节点属性的限制较小,并且将节点间的相似性统一为存储代价,实现了节点结构相似和属性相似的协同考虑。提出了两种求解最小代价表示的图概要算法。在真实和合成的数据集上实验,验证了提出算法的有效性。     

基于最短路径的加权属性图聚类算法研究

图在计算机领域是一种重要的数据结构,可以用来描述事物之间的复杂关系。图的节点和边具备一个或者多个不同的属性。如何结合属性对图进行聚类是目前所面临的一个新的挑战。目前的属性图聚类算法,多存在聚类效果差,消耗资源多,效率低等缺点。针对以上问题,提出一种基于最短距离的加权属性图聚类算法WASP(weighted attribute graph clustering algorithm based on shortest path),建立加权属性无向图模型,在此模型上基于最短路径算法度量节点间的关联度,以此为原则选取新的聚类中心对图进行聚类。实验表明,新的聚类算法具有更高效的聚类效果。     

一种混合属性数据流聚类算法

数据流聚类是数据流挖掘中的重要问题.现实世界中的数据流往往同时具有连续属性和标称属性,但现有算法局限于仅处理其中一种属性,而对另一种采取简单舍弃的办法.目前还没有能在算法层次上进行混合属性数据流聚类的算法.文中提出了一种针对混合属性数据流的聚类算法;建立了数据流到达的泊松过程模型;用频度直方图对离散属性进行了描述;给出了混合属性条件下微聚类生成、更新、合并和删除算法.在公共数据集上的实验表明,文中提出的算法具有鲁棒的性能.     

BIRCH混合属性数据聚类方法

数据聚类是数据挖掘中的重要研究内容。现实世界中的数据往往同时具有连续属性和离散属性,但现有大多数算法局限于仅处理其中一种属性,而对另一种采取简单舍弃的办法丢失聚类信息和降低聚类质量。一些能处理混合属性的算法又往往处理的属性过多,导致计算量的大增。提出了一种基于BIRCH算法的混合属性数据的聚类算法;在UCI数据集上的实验表明,文中提出的算法具有较好的性能。     

一种基于遗传算法的聚类方法及其应用

文中提出了一种基于遗传算法的自适应聚类新算法,该算法以聚类中心坐标为遗传算法种群的个体,采用改进的遗传算子和群体更新规则,利用遗传算法的高效全局搜索特性实现聚类,不仅克服了模糊C-均值算法对初始聚类中心和样本输入次序敏感等不足,而且在结合聚类有效性分析的基础上实现了聚类中心数目的自适应调整.通过以该自适应聚类算法对MQAM信号星座进行重构,提出了一种基于星座聚类的MQAM调制识别新方法.仿真表明,文中提出的聚类算法运算效率较高,结果令人满意;基于该聚类算法的MQAM信号识别方法是实际有效的.     

基于遗传算法的一种改进的K-均值聚类算法

传统K-均值算法对初始聚类中心敏感大,易陷入局部最优值.将遗传算法与K均值算法结合起来进行探讨并提出一种改进的基于K-均值聚类算法的遗传算法,改进后的算法是基于可变长度的聚类中心的实际数目来实现的.同时分别设计出新的交叉算子和变异算子,并且使用的聚类有效性指标DB-Index作为目标函数,该算法很好地解决了聚类中心优化问题,与之前的两种算法相比,改进后的算法改善了聚类的质量,提高了全局的收敛速度.     

一种基于克隆选择的聚类算法

将克隆选择原理同典型的划分聚类方法结合起来,提出一种克隆选择聚类算法.该算法具有完成任意形状数据集聚类的能力,可以自动确定簇的数目并得到簇的描述信息,计算量小,参数设置容易,适用于具有实值连续属性的数据集.基于模拟数据集和基准数据集分别进行实验,结果表明该算法是有效的.     

基于进化聚类的动态网络社团发现

社团的数目和时间平滑性的平衡因子一直是基于进化聚类的动态网络社团发现算法的最大的问题.提出一种基于标签的多目标优化的动态网络社团发现算法（LDMGA）.借鉴多目标遗传算法思想,将进化聚类思想转换为多目标遗传算法优化问题,保证当前时刻的聚类质量的同时,又能使当前聚类结果与前一个时刻网络结构保持一致.该算法在初始化过程加入标签传播算法,增加初始个体的聚类质量.提出基于标签的变异算法,增强了算法的聚类效果和算法的收敛速度.同时,多目标遗传算法和标签算法的结合使算法可扩展性强,运行时间随着节点或者边数目增加呈线性增长.将该算法与目前优秀算法在仿真数据集和真实数据集上进行对比实验,结果表明,该算法既有良好的聚类效果,又有良好的扩展性.     

决策表分解及其最小属性约简研究

现有的很多属性约简算法都是由构造决策表的差别矩阵出发,将矩阵中非空元素的合取范式转化为极小析取范式。为提高对大规模数据的决策表进行约简的效率,文中指出基于U/{a}划分的最小约简算法存在的缺陷,给出以划分粒度为启发式信息,利用单个条件属性把论域划分成多个等价类,将计算整个全域上的属性约简问题转化为计算在相应划分的子区域上属性约简问题,提出了一种基于决策表分解的最小属性约简算法。理论分析和实例表明该约简算法是有效的。     

基于二部图的概念聚类研究

传统概念聚类算法中簇的更新和存储不仅依赖于对象数目和属性数目,而且依赖于属性值的数目,这种局限性使其不适用于大型数据集。提出一种新的基于二部图的概念聚类算法（BGBCC）,该算法通过获得二部图的近似极大ε二元组集,有效地进行数据与属性的关联聚类。实验表明,该算法能得到较好的聚类结果,且能在较短的时间内进行大型数据集的概念聚类。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.