废旧橡胶微波连续裂解的仿真与试验研究

设计了一种废旧橡胶螺旋式微波连续裂解装置。确定了微波发生器的排布方式和裂解腔体的结构尺寸,并进行了有限元电磁仿真,得到最佳能量场分布。利用该装置进行了废旧橡胶的连续裂解试验,基于试验数据,分析了裂解产物化学成分和比例。该废旧橡胶螺旋式微波连续裂解装置满足节能环保要求。     

微波化学反应器介质耦合窗应力计算分析与设计

微波能量耦合窗口是微波化学反应器的关键部件,它应该尽可能小地反射微波能量以避免烧毁功率源,同时密闭反应腔体以分隔反应物与微波装置。根据多物理场耦合模型,利用有限元方法对耦合窗进行了结构应力计算和设计,分析了微波加热过程中介质耦合窗的受热和热应力特点,得到了对工业应用具有参考价值的结果。提出可以通过设计适宜的介质垫片来降低窗体应力,提高可靠性。     

反应温度对汽油催化裂解多产低碳烯烃的影响

利用自制的多产低碳烯烃催化剂在小型固定流化床装置上对催化裂化汽油、焦化汽油和直馏汽油的催化裂解性能进行了实验研究,考察了反应温度对催化裂解产物分布和低碳烃收率的影响.实验结果表明焦化汽油、催化汽油和直馏汽油最佳的催化裂解反应温度分别为580、600℃和680℃,随着反应物活性的降低而显著增加.乙烯的收率随着反应温度的升高呈抛物线增长;烯烃与正构烷烃有协同反应作用,烯烃能够加速正构链烷烃的反应速率;在烯烃存在下,芳烃会生成大量的焦炭;烯烃和链烷烃是生成低碳烯烃的主要来源,是催化裂解的理想组分;最佳催化裂解的反应物为催化汽油或者焦化汽油的轻馏分与直馏汽油的轻馏分的混合物.     

沸腾状态下十二烷基甲基二羟乙基溴化铵微波合成的动力学研究

通常,人们利用微波进行化学合成,如果反应温度控制在低于溶剂的沸点温度,反应体系一旦达到所设定温度,自动控温系统就会自动切断加热电源,停止加热。对于微波反应来说,也就停止了微波的连续作用,而系统仅仅是保持在恒温状态。如果系统的保温效果很好的话,微波的作用可能就比较少,而仅仅是热效应对化学反应作用,没有体现出微波的持续作用。该研究选择特定的溶剂体系,采用在溶剂沸点温度下进行微波有机合成反应,以保证微波始终持续作用。结合题示表面活性剂的合成,探讨了微波合成反应的动力学参数,分析了微波作用原理。分别在微波作用以及传统加热两种方式下,考察了十二烷基甲基二羟乙基溴化铵合成动力学,获得了两种方式下的反应动力学参数,结果表明,微波的作用没有改变反应级数,两种情况下都是一级反应。微波作用下的活化能为ΔH=33.59 kJ/mol;而传统加热的活化能为ΔH=55.83 kJ/mol。该文提出以单位时间单位容积内、微波作用下反应物的变化量减去相同温度条件下传统加热时的变化量,作为微波对反应速率的贡献量Δ(-rA)的概念。实验结果表明,在同一温度条件下,反应时间越短,即反应物浓度越高,微波对反应速率的贡献量Δ(-rA)就越大;在其他条件相同时,反应温度越低,微波对反应速率的贡献量Δ(-rA)就越大。     

废旧橡胶微波自动裂解反应装置

由刘建波申请的专利(公开号CN102140362A,公开日期2011-08-03)"废旧橡胶微波自动裂解反应装置",涉及的废旧橡胶微波自动裂解反应装置包括自动控制系统、变频电机、螺旋推进式微波裂解反应仓、气动密闭自动进料阀门组合和气动密闭出渣阀门组合。其中,螺旋推进式微波裂解反应仓内螺旋推进器两侧的外壁上均匀设置微波磁控管,反应仓的进料端设有气动密闭自动进料阀门组合,反应仓的出料端设有气动密闭出渣阀门组合,气动密闭自动进料阀门组合的进料口上设有物料分配器;气动密闭自动     

微波固相反应合成La1-xSrxCoO3阴极材料的研究

以碳酸盐或氧化物为原料, 采用微波固相反应合成技术成功地合成了纯钙钛矿结构的La1-xSrxCoO3(LSC, x=0.10～0.50)粉体.研究表明La2O3和SrCO3是2.45 GHz微波透明材料, 而Co3O4则具有很强的微波偶合吸收能力;La2O3, SrCO3, Co3O4混合料中SrCO3含量对混合物的微波吸收行为以及LSC的合成条件有很大影响.与传统的固相反应合成法相比, 微波固相反应合成法的反应合成时间大大缩短, 在输出功率700～800 W条件下, 反应时间≤25 min, 这归因于反应物与微波的直接偶合和反应物对微波能量的高效率吸收.     

多相态甲基环己烷催化脱氢反应过程的研究

从系统动态能量平衡的角度对以Raney-Ni为催化剂的甲基环己烷在"多相态"模式下的脱氢反应过程进行了研究,考察了反应温度(453～573 K)、反应液用量(0.2～4.0 mL)和催化剂用量(2～10 g)对甲基环己烷脱氢转化率的影响.反应过程中生成的气体通过冷凝回流装置不断地从反应体系中分离溢出,通过对Raney-Ni催化剂表面温度和冷凝回滴液量的控制,使整个反应体系始终介于"液-固"和"气-固"的中间状态,实现反应体系的"液(由反应物系的冷凝回滴实现)、气(通过催化剂表面高温气化反应物系实现)、固(即固体催化剂)"的三相共存.研究表明,在多相态的反应体系中存在一个最佳的能量平衡点,它所对应的反应物在催化剂表面的停留时间,既能保证反应液与催化剂充分有效地接触,又能使反应物在发生脱氢反应后立即被气化脱离催化剂,抑制逆反应的发生,从而有效地提高甲基环己烷的脱氢转化率.在523 K,0.5 mL甲基环己烷和8 g Raney-Ni的反应条件下,甲基环己烷的脱氢转化率达到65%.     

波导管隔板对废旧橡胶裂解传输功率的影响

采用HFSS软件模拟分析2 450 MHz频率下在波导管中设置石英板对废旧橡胶微波裂解传输功率的影响。结果表明,设置双层石英板且保持合适间距有利于提高波导管能量传输效率,极大地减小能量损耗,解决了废旧橡胶微波裂解中出现的能耗过大及波源易损坏的难题,提高了微波裂解效率以及裂解设备的可靠性和安全性。     

微波诱导热解废旧润滑油的研究

为清洁高效回收利用废旧润滑油,以碳化硅泡沫材料和碳粉为复合吸波剂,通过微波诱导热解的方式将废旧润滑油热裂解成化工原料及燃料,并分析了单位样品量微波功率及微波裂解终温对裂解产物收率及化学组成的影响。结果表明,在一定范围内,适当地提高单位样品量微波功率有利于裂解产物收率的提高,同时能够使产物中烷、烯烃所占比例达到最大。更高的微波裂解终温虽能提高收率,但为了抑制物理蒸发过程同时促进裂解反应的进行,裂解终温不宜过高。     

微波辅助废旧PET聚酯解聚反应研究

采用微波辅助加热的方式研究了回收PET聚酯的乙二醇解聚反应,并对比了相同催化作用下常规加热条件下的解聚反应,对解聚反应产物BHET进行了熔点测定和IFTIR分析.结果显示,两种方法下控制解聚反应至PET聚酯完全转化时单体BHET的收率相差不大,微波辅助条件下单体的收率略高,但是反应时间大大缩短.反应物PET与EG在1:...     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。