基于宏块预判的快速帧内预测模式选择算法

针对H.264/AVC帧内预测模式选择部分计算复杂度问题,提出一种基于宏块预判的快速帧内预测模式选择组合算法.该算法采用低复杂度的三点梯度算子改进了边缘方向直方图帧内预测模式选择算法（Pan算法）中利用Sobel算子得到边缘方向矢量.首先运用平均绝对误差（Mean Absolute Difference,MAD）值对编码宏块类型结合QP下的阈值进行预判;预判后的宏块采用改进的Pan算法进行模式筛选,最后确定最佳的预测模式.实验结果表明,在6个不同视频序列全I帧编码情况下,该算法与全搜索算法相比编码时间平均减少大约72.4%,与Pan算法相比编码时间减少28.6%,而码率仅分别增加4.21%、1.8%,峰值信噪比基本不变.     

H.264/AVC标准中帧内预测宏块模式选择的优化

为了减小H.264的编码算法复杂度,提出了一种快速的帧内模式选择算法。根据中心8×8块边界信息判定宏块预测类型,利用改进的pan算法对选定了预测类型的宏块进行模式筛选,采取RDO准则选出最佳的预测模式。实验结果表明：对全I帧序列,与JM10.2中全模式遍历算法相比较,该算法编码时间平均减少了大约70%,而码率和峰值信噪比基本不变。与pan算法相比,编码时间减少最大超过40%。因此,该算法更便于实时应用。     

基于纹理特征的H.264/AVC帧内预测模式快速选择算法

H.264/AVC视频标准中的帧内编码通常采用率失真优化技术,通过遍历所有可能的编码模式,选择其中一个具有最小率失真代价的模式作为最佳帧内预测编码。率失真优化技术在提高编码可靠性、准确性、抗误码率的同时,增加了编码的复杂度和搜索时间。在分析标准帧内预测的情况下,计算当前4×4块和重建4×4块的残差值,若小于某一阈值可提前结束宏块编码,反之则利用图像块的纹理方向与预测模式选择之间的相关性,提出一种快速的帧内4×4块预测模式选择算法。该算法在结合改进的Canny算子和平方梯度法的基础上,提取出当前块的纹理方向,并详细分析了纹理方向与预测模式之间的对应关系。实验仿真在H.264/AVC的参考模型JM13.2平台上完成。结果表明,与标准算法相比,该算法在编码码率持平和峰值信噪比保持不变的前提下,编码时间有较大幅度的下降。     

改进的H.264快速帧内预测模式选择算法

为了减小H.264编码算法的复杂度,提出一种快速的帧内模式选择算法。根据宏块内部相邻像素差的特点判定宏块预测类型,对基于边缘方向直方图的Pan算法进行改进,利用改进的算法对选定了预测类型的宏块进行预测,选出最佳的预测模式。实验结果表明,该算法在保证失真率和码率性能的前提下,编码时间平均减少了71.6%,大大提高了编码效率。     

一种基于自适应阈值的H.264/AVC帧内预测模式快速选择算法

在H.264/AVC中,帧内编码采用帧内预测来提高编码效率.色度块尺寸为8×8,亮度块包括4×4和16×16两种尺寸,每种块提供多种预测模式,因此这种多模式选择极大地增加了编码复杂性.本文利用色度块和亮度块以及亮度4×4和16×16块模式选择之间的相关性,提出一种基于RDO(Rate distortion optimization)不同判决依据的快速帧内预测模式选择算法,并能够自适应调整阈值.实验结果表明与校验模型JM7.2相比在信噪比和码率变化不大的同时,能够使Ⅰ帧编码速度平均提高6倍,并可节约P帧25%的编码时间.     

H.264/AVC帧内4×4块预测模式选择算法的研究

在分析H.264帧内预测技术的基础上,提出了一种快速的帧内4×4块预测模式选择算法.该算法计算当前4×4块与空间/时间相邻4×4块之间的相似程度,判断是否跳过其模式选择过程;对未跳过的4×4块,根据变换系数的绝对差值和(SATD)信息及空间/时间相关性,排除一些可能性小的预测模式.实验表明,与JM10.2相比,对于IIII及IPPP编码结构:编码时间平均减少了44.07%和20.49%,码率和Y分量的信号噪声比(SNRY)基本不变.     

一种快速H.264帧内模式选择算法

H.264帧内预测计算复杂,是帧内编码中的瓶颈问题。根据H.264多模式帧内预测特点分析,提出了一种基于纹理和参考像素特性的帧内预测快速算法。算法首先通过Prewitt算子计算得到图像的纹理,根据纹理方向选择相应的帧内预测模式,然后计算参考像素的差异特性,删除已选Intra4x4模式中不必要模式,减少候选模式数目,降低了计算复杂度。对4组不同运动特点序列仿真结果表明:与JM13.2算法相比,本文算法编码时间平均降低75.7%,而图像峰值信噪比平均降低0.16dB,输出码率平均增加3.45%,综合性能优于已有算法。     

基于纹理特征的H.264帧内预测快速算法

H.264/AVC是最新的视频压缩编码标准,在帧内预测过程中,采用了率失真优化技术（RDO）进行预测模式的选择,使编码性能得到显著提高,但同时编码复杂度和计算量也明显增加。研究了现有的典型快速帧内预测算法,并提出一种融合宏块平坦性特征和4×4块纹理特征的快速帧内预测算法。算法通过判断宏块的平坦性提前选定块大小,根据4×4块内部纹理特征,确定预测模式集,降低算法复杂度。实验结果表明,较之JM95,在峰值信噪比(PSNR)基本不变,输出码率略有升高的情况下,本文算法对一个宏块的RDO计算次数平均降低了71.3%。     

H.264/AVC快速帧内预测算法的研究

H.264/AVC采用先进的帧内预测技术,进一步提高了编码效率,但计算复杂度也随之增高。提出了一种快速的帧内预测算法。该算法充分利用宏块的MAD信息及时间/空间相关性,对宏块进行预判,在帧内4×4（I4）和帧内16×16（I16）预测模式之间进行选择;然后,针对I4预测,计算当前块与参考块之间的相似程度D(b_x,b_r),据此判断是否跳过当前块的模式选择过程,从而减少了编码时间。实验表明,与JM10.2相比,针对全I帧测试：编码时间平均减少约59.03%;针对IPPP测试：编码时间平均减少22.76%;SNRY和码率基本不变。并且,该算法有利于在硬件平台(FPGA)上实现,可用于实际的视频通信产品。     

一种基于纹理分析的快速帧内预测算法

H.264是最新的视频压缩标准,帧内预测是其中一个重要组成部分.JVT(Joint Video Team)提供的参考软件采用全搜索算法进行帧内预测,算法复杂度很高,无法满足实时视频的需求.为了降低帧内预测算法的复杂度,提高编码效率,根据灰度共生矩阵及其逆差距提取宏块的纹理特征,对宏块的平坦程度和纹理方向进行预判,提出了一种新的快速帧内预测算法.基于参考软件JM13.2的实验结果表明本算法与全搜索算法相比在信噪比和码率变化极小的情况下,编码速度有显著提高.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.