降低润滑油清净剂浊度的方法研究

通过对润滑油清净剂在合成及对最终产品的加工处理过程中浊度、粘度的变化情况，试验研究发现，产品中未除尽悬浮渣是影响润滑油清净剂产品浊度的主要原因，提出了可行的降低润滑油清净剂浊度的方法。     

润滑油清净剂的研究进展

从润滑油清净剂的功能、组成、制备及主要品种方面介绍润滑油清净剂的研究进展。随着环保型润滑油基础油的发展,环境友好型产品将是润滑油清净剂未来的发展方向。     

精苯酸焦油渣综合利用研究

在用盐析-萃取工艺对焦化精苯废酸进行回收过程中,有少量的酸焦油渣产生。虽然废渣量不大,但若不能对其有效利用,必将影响"盐析-萃取"工艺的推广应用。通过对酸焦油渣的性质分析,并结合焦化生产特点,探讨了废渣的综合利用途径。该种废渣的性质类似于焦化中温沥青,可以作为型煤的粘结剂替代部分软沥青。     

润滑油清净剂的研究进展

从润滑油清净剂的功能、组成、制备及主要品种方面介绍润滑油清净剂的研究进展。随着环保型润滑油基础油的发展,环境友好型产品将是润滑油清净剂未来的发展方向。     

润滑油清净剂研究进展

清净剂作为润滑油添加剂中用量最大的单剂,具备中和、增溶、吸附、分散等作用,对发动机内部保持清净,效果显著.从清净剂组成结构、类别、作用机理以及研究进展等4个方面论述了润滑油清净剂的研究现状,同时展望了下步发展方向.     

微通道合成高碱值纳米碳酸钙清净剂的研究

由于无机纳米粒子清净剂的高活性、小粒径和高表面能，它们在合成过程中容易发生团聚，导致清净剂在利用过程中失去了其关键物理作用和功能性质。本研究结合微通道强化混合、传质和传热的优势，同时与原位表面改性技术相结合，成功制出具备特殊工业化应用性能的无机高碱值纳米材料——纳米级碳酸钙润滑油清净剂。在产品的合成过程中，微通道可以有效控制多相液体的快速传质和迅速混合，完成了在可控条件下高碱值清净剂纳米碳酸钙的制备。产品碱值为377 mg KOH/g，产品中碳酸钙的平均粒径为15 nm，粒径分布窄于15 nm±4 nm。     

润滑油清净剂金属化工艺研究进展

润滑油金属清净剂是内燃机油不可缺少的一类主要添加剂。本文综述了润滑油金属清净剂制备过程中金属化工艺的研究进展及典型的金属化工艺过程,介绍了清净剂金属化过程中所使用的促进剂的种类及应用情况,论述了清净剂金属化反应机理的研究现状及进展,指出了润滑油清净剂金属化工艺今后的研究方向。     

超重力法合成高碱值石油磺酸钙的研究

将超重力技术原理与润滑油清净剂合成反应机理相结合,研究了超重力法原位制备高碱值石油磺酸钙清净剂的工艺流程及作用机理.同时,对超重力法制备高碱值石油磺酸钙的工艺条件进行了考察.结果表明:在超重力合成工艺中,二氧化碳的通入速度在200～350 L/h之间变化时,碳酸化反应终点时间可以控制在40～60 min.在超重力合成工艺的碳酸化阶段加入水时,随着水量的增加,合成产品碱值下降,粘度和浊度相应增大.在不加水的条件下,采用超重力法合成超高碱值石油磺酸钙的效果最佳.合成工艺中甲醇的用量对碳酸化反应时间和合成样品的性质有很大的影响,试验中促进剂甲醇的适宜用量为8%～15%.     

内外循环超重力装置对润滑油清净剂产品的影响

随着超重力技术的应用领域的不断开拓,用超重力装置可制备高碱值石油磺酸钙清净剂T103,在用内外循环超重力装置制备T103过程中,讨论了内外循环超重力装置对润滑油清净剂产品的影响.结果表明,内循环超重力装置比外循环超重力装置结构简单,采用内循环超重力装置比外循环超重力装置在制备T103过程中原料的利用率高、产品收率高、装...     

超重力技术在润滑油添加剂研发中的突出特性

以TBN400超高碱值环烷酸钙润滑油清净剂的合成过程为研究对象,从清净剂合成的工艺过程、技术经济性、环境友好性、工艺稳定性和产品的胶体结构等方面对比了超重力工艺和传统釜式法工艺的特点,考察了超重力技术在润滑油清净剂合成中的突出特性。结果表明,超重力工艺碳酸化反应时间缩短1倍以上,而且以低毒环保型溶剂90~120℃汽油为溶剂,回收率可以达到90%以上;产生的钙渣量大大降低,工艺的稳定性好;清净剂胶体结构中碳酸钙颗粒分布更均匀,粒径相对较小。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.