虫白蜡制备高级烷醇工艺研究

通过虫白蜡皂化法制备高级烷醇混合物,得到了虫白蜡制备高级烷醇混合物的工艺技术条件:皂化加碱量:每10g白蜡皂化加碱4g;皂化反应温度90℃;皂化反应时间10h;氯化钙加入量与加碱量等当量,在80℃条件下,保温搅拌2h后,抽滤,滤饼烘干;用乙醇为抽提剂;然后再用乙醇-丙酮溶合溶剂重结晶高级烷醇粗品2～3次,结晶体在60℃左右干燥,可得到纯度为93%的高级烷醇混合物。      

虫白蜡高级烷醇微乳液的制备及其在功能饮料中的应用

为解决虫白蜡高级烷醇不溶于水,难应用于澄清稳定型功能饮料的瓶颈问题,制备高负载量的高级烷醇微乳液,获得其最佳乳化条件,通过伪三元相图确定微乳区域,评价其稳定性,并将其作为功能性添加剂配制高级烷醇功能饮料。结果表明：当复配乳化剂亲水亲油平衡值为10,乳化温度为70～75 ℃时,得到各添加剂用量均在食品国家标准允许添加范围内的稳定澄清的高级烷醇微乳液;微乳的离心、冷热循环和稀释稳定性良好,室温贮藏65 d后依然稳定透明;伪三元相图中微乳区域随着Km值的减小而不断缩小;微乳与其他辅料复配后可以制备成透明稳定的高级烷醇功能饮料。将虫白蜡高级烷醇制备成微乳,有效解决了其不溶于水以及在饮料中稳定性差、极易上浮等问题,为制备高品质、透明稳定的高级烷醇功能饮料提供了一条有效途径,也为高级烷醇新产品的开发研究提供参考。     

十二种中国高粱的高粱蜡和高级烷醇含量分析

从全国各主产区采集12种有代表性的高粱样品,测定高粱籽粒中蜡和高级烷醇的含量,结果显示,高粱籽粒中蜡含量在0.2050%～0.3700%之间,其中内杂5号、白杂8号和辽杂1号等品种的高粱蜡含量较高。高粱籽粒中二十八烷醇含量为0.0304%～0.0778%,吉林吉杂97、吉林四杂1号和天津杂交高粱等为二十八烷醇含量较高的品种。高粱籽粒中含有三十烷醇0.0351%～0.0922%,其中吉杂97、四杂25号和辽杂1号等为三十烷醇含量较高的品种。     

氧化聚乙烯蜡微乳液的制备

氧化聚乙烯蜡在纺织行业有广阔的应用前景．考察了乳化剂的种类、用量、乳化时间、乳化温度、搅拌速度、助乳化剂等因素对乳液性能的影响．确定了采用高温高压直接乳化氧化聚乙烯蜡为微乳液的配方组成和乳化工艺条件。     

真蜡印花的废蜡处理

蜡染印花废水中蜡的回收利用技术,包括蜡染印花废水的分类回收,废水分离,回收蜡的脱色及提纯,脱色蜡的熬制等工艺.皂化蜡废水处理前CODcr达10万mg/L以上,处理后下降致200 mg/L左右,有助于企业形成清洁生产和循环体系.     

氧化改性聚乙烯蜡微乳液的制备及应用

以高密度氧化改性聚乙烯蜡Hi-Wax 4051 E为原料,采用直接高温高压密闭乳化法制备氧化改性聚乙烯蜡微乳液。探讨了乳化剂配比和总用量、乳化时间及乳化温度等因素对乳液性能的影响。优化的乳化工艺为:乳化剂总用量30%(相对氧化聚乙烯蜡质量,其中异构脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚A与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚B的质量比为1∶1),快速升温到130℃,以一定的速度恒温搅拌乳化30min。制备的微乳液与聚氨酯并用,可提高针织物的抗起毛起球性;单独使用,可提升针织物的顶破强力。     

菠菜冬瓜汁复合饮料的研制

在分析菠菜和冬瓜理化性质的基础上,利用二者营养上的特点,将它们分别榨汁,对其榨汁工艺、调配方法进行了系统的研究,确定了该饮料的最佳制作工艺,该产品的糖、酸含量分别为12％和0.12％。     

Pressurised solvent extraction of policosanol from wheat straw,germ and bran

Policosanols (PCs) are a group of long chain aliphatic alcohols that have been reported to have low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol-lowering properties. Wheat is a good source of these compounds. This study examined the effect of solvent type and temperature on extract yields and PC content and composition in the extracts. Wheat germ, straw and bran samples were extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, n-hexane and ethanol at various temperatures ranging from 80 to 125 °C.     

真蜡制备及在连续蜡染中的应用

探讨了蜡的制备条件及在染色中的应用工艺．确定了蜡液的成分为松香和助剂A．制备条件：熬蜡温度160℃和时间6h，保温时间6h．蜡染工艺：上蜡温度为150℃，车速为40m／min，上蜡后厚薄均匀，柔韧性适中，摔制蜡纹细长，蜡不从布上脱落，印花不漏白，蜡染、印花效果好，一等品率由原来的80％提高到92％．     

Composition of the surface wax from tomatoes

The quantitative composition of the waxes from 26 different tomato cultivars was determined in order to get an overall view of the contents of the compounds identified in Part I at the ripe red stage and of the variability of results. On average, the tomatoes were covered with a wax layer of 50 µg/cm², which resulted in 29% of fraction 1 (mainly long-chain hydrocarbons), in 19% of fraction 2 (mainly long-chain alcohols and triterpenols) and in 52% of fraction 3 (naringenin-chalcone).The contents of a multitude of compounds are presented, most of which occurred only in traces. The predominant components were (in decreasing order) naringenin-chalcone, n-hentriacontane, -amyrin, n-nonacosane, -amyrin, -amyrin and n-tritriacontadiene, all with mean contents exceeding 2 g/100 g. In addition, the wax composition of one individual tomato cultivar was followed during maturation over the stages green, green-orange, red and mature red. Naringenin-chalcone, alkenes and alkenols were first not present but appeared only during ripening. Although the composition of the wax varied considerably, the triterpenols formed a uniform pattern which was similar for the different tomato cultivars and at all stages of fruit development.     

Composition of the surface wax from tomatoes

From the skins of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), the surface wax was rinsed with a tert-butylmethyl ether (TBME)/methanol (9+1) mixture. The wax components were separated into three fractions by elution from a small silica gel column. Toluene/hexane (2+1) eluted n-alkanes (C₂₁–C₃₅), iso- and anteiso-alkanes, n-alkadienes and -trienes (C₃₃, C₃₄ and C₃₅) as well as some aldehydes. Elution with hexane/TBME (3+1) yielded n-alkanols (C₁₈–C₃₄), n-alkadienols and alkatrienols (C₂₂, C₂₄ and C₂₆), small amounts of alkanoic acids (C₁₈–C₃₄) as well as sterols and triterpenols. Among the latter were identified: stigmasterol, -sitosterol, -, - and -amyrin, taraxerol, taraxasterol, -taraxasterol, lupeol, multiflorenol, cycloartenol, germanicol and bauerenol. Final elution with TBME/methanol (9+1) resulted only in naringenin-chalcone, accompanied by small amounts of naringenin as an artifact formed during sample preparation. All components in those three fractions were identified by mass spectrometric analysis of the initial gas-chromatographic peaks or of peaks obtained from suitable derivatives.     

超声波辅助提取漆籽皮中漆蜡及其理化特性分析

研究从漆籽皮提取漆蜡超声波辅助浸提工艺及漆蜡理化特性,以提取得率为指标,选择石油醚为提取溶剂,在单因素试验基础上,通过正交试验确定超声波辅助提取漆蜡最佳工艺条件.结果表明,最佳提取工艺参数为:物料粒度40～60目、液固比12:1(ml/g)、超声温度65℃、超声时间80min、超声功率140W,在此条件下,漆蜡提取率达...