共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
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James C. Bathurst Jaime Amezaga Felipe Cisneros Marcelo Gaviño Novillo Andrés Iroumé Mario A. Lenzi 《国际水》2013,38(2):114-131
The EPIC FORCE project aimed to develop science-based policy recommendations for integrated forest and water resources management, relevant to extreme events for Costa Rica, Ecuador, Chile and Argentina. Data analysis and model application support the hypothesis that, as the size of the flood peak increases, the effect of forest cover becomes less important. Guidelines for integrated water and forest resources management are developed which recognize this effect but emphasize the role that forests play in reducing the flood levels of more moderate events. The research findings are transferred to policy-making for the four focus countries via a set of policy briefs, taking into account the institutional frameworks, achievable policy objectives and key stakeholders. 相似文献
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To investigate the financial contribution that rural people might make to the improvement of the potable water systems that serve them, 274 households in Cotacachi in the Ecuadorian Andes were surveyed about payments for watershed conservation, which would reduce seasonal shortages. While monthly payments of $1 or $2 were acceptable to most households, there was little support for payments above $3/month. In addition, multiple regression analysis suggests that 10% growth in annual earnings leads to an increase of 2.8% in payments from rural households for watershed conservation. 相似文献
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Carl Bauer 《Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education》2010,144(1):44-49
Latin American experiences with water markets offer lessons to the U.S. because they have emerged in different political and economic contexts. The Western U.S. experience has been longer and has defined some of the world's classic cases of market allocation of water. These cases, however, have been driven by domestic factors and have evolved within domestic social and institutional contexts, which are easy for people in the U.S. to take for granted. Looking at Chile and Mexico can help us see Western U.S. water allocation with fresh eyes. These Latin American cases have been strongly influenced by international theories and policy debates, forcing the question of how to adapt foreign ideas to local realities. The Chilean case in particular shows the strong relationship between market approaches and institutions for water governance and sustainability. A comparative perspective might help loosen the gridlock that characterizes many Western U.S. water problems. 相似文献
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In spite of its official recognition by the United Nations in 2010, the human right to water remains a contested notion as illustrated by three main debates: (a) the definition of its scope, content, and indicators to monitor its implementation; (b) the conceptual appropriateness and effectiveness of the human rights approach in countering water services privatization; (c) the call for decolonizing or decentering the western, liberal, individualistic, and anthropocentric approach of the human right to water. The article introduces the main themes and insights within these debates and concludes by pointing at potential future research at their intersection, in relation to (a) other species' rights, (b) culture and religion, and (c) technology and infrastructure. This article is categorized under:
- Human Water > Rights to Water
- Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
- Human Water > Water Governance
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Sarah T. Romano 《国际水资源开发杂志》2019,35(3):430-445
AbstractThis paper examines new forms of political participation on the part of rural water committees in Nicaragua in the mid-2000s. In particular, it explores the role of multisectoral alliances in facilitating water committees’ (1) physical mobility and political visibility, (2) political and legal capacity-building, and (3) access to state channels of representation. Contributing to theories of social capital, this case reveals a transformation of participation in water governance from locally grounded collective action for water management to engagement in public policy processes. In practical terms, the paper casts lessons for improved water governance via more inclusive policy processes. 相似文献
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Jan Lundqvist 《国际水》2013,38(2):194-201
Abstract Water policy and management are currently subject to a significant change. Water users and other stakeholders are gradually playing a much more active and also constructive role. This is no substitute for government efforts. Public sector activities and regulatory arrangements are of vital importance. Traditional functions and orientation of work need, however, to be modified, and new tasks are forcing themselves on to the national, municipal, and local agendas. Interaction between government, civil society organizations, and professionals must be based on a policy where water is made everybody's business and where the various components of management, i.e., development of the resource, provision, actual use, and disposal after use, are considered. With a policy where the relations between water, people, development, and the environment are duly recognised, it becomes imperative and natural that the rules for water management are defined that allow various stakeholders to contribute to achieve water security. 相似文献
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引汉济渭水权置换研究总体思路 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
引汉济渭水权置换属跨区域、跨河段的水权置换问题,根据受水区、置换区的水资源利用特点以及水权置换实施过程中涉及的问题,提出技术体系—管理体系—监测体系三个体系,并对三个体系的含义及包含的内容进行了解读。三个体系是保障水权置换顺利实施的关键环节,具有较强的可操作性,对实现受水区、置换区经济社会可持续发展以及生态环境保护双赢具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
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改善我国农村水环境的总体思路和建议 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
通过时我国农村水环境的现状和问题进行简要分析,归纳总结了国内外改善农村水环境的经验和进展.根据建设社会主义新农村的要求,研究提出了2020年改善我国农村水环境的总体思路和“十一五”期间的行动建议,以期启动实施全国农村水环境改善工程。 相似文献
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围绕水权转换项目,宁夏回族自治区水利厅在节水改造区域布设了大量观测断面及观测点,重点对节水量、地下水水位等变化情况进行了观测。针对试验区观测点有关观测资料,对水权转换试验区节水效果进行了分析,定量或定性描述了水权转换对区域水量、地下水、生态与环境的影响。 相似文献
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湖北省宜都市将农村小型水利工程使用权划归受益农户,工程经营管理由受益群体自主决定,这种形式实现了农村小型水利工程经营管理体制与土地承包责任制的统一,可以充分调动农民自发投工投资的积极性,为小型水利工程建设管理建立起了长效机制。农村小型水利工程改革提高了效益,促进了生产发展,得到了农民的支持和拥护.在当地取得明显效果。 相似文献
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In an era increasingly focused on the question of how to value fresh water, this essay argues that questions of value cannot be parsed apart from the multiple ontologies that undergird those value judgments. Returning to Nelson's observation that water exists “in a metaphysical blindspot,” this essay describes what chastened metaphysics have to do with fresh waters' pluralities and depicts three apertures by which contemporary water discourses delineate fresh waters' values: economic theory and neoliberal market practice, paradigms of liberal governance, and cultural‐religious multiplicities. In the latter, fresh waters' life‐giving properties tend to be accorded central respect in ways that often exceed the ontological understandings and moral possibilities preferred by western liberal discourses in an era that has been decisively shaped by scientific, hydraulic/extractive modernity and rational planning. Parsing the ways that selected cultural‐religious formulations align with or challenge dominant governance paradigms, this essay argues that decolonial ways of proceeding are necessary if value discourse and ethical action are to be substantially oriented toward the inclusive, long‐term flourishing of human and other bodies of waters. The final section summarizes these claims and underscores necessary warnings. This article is categorized under:
- Human Water > Value of Water
- Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented
- Human Water > Methods
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浙江省农村供水工程存在问题与对策 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
浙江省从2003年开始全面实施千万农民饮用水工程,各级政府投入了大量资金,兴建了一大批村镇供水工程.为了确保农村供水工程良性运行,长期发挥效益,需要及时明晰产权和经营权,确定合理水价,简化水费计收方式,提高收取率,实行定岗定编提高管理效率,加强对农村供水工程的监督管理. 相似文献
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水质监测是农饮水工程建后运行管理的重点环节,建立完善的水质监测体系是安全饮水的保障。目前广东省农饮水工程水质监测存在监测网络未建立、水质监测体制不完善、未能建立长效监测机制等现状,为此文章提出了全省统一规划农饮水水质监测体系、建立县级为单位的水质监测子系统、加快建设县级农村饮水安全水质检测中心及建立水质监测考核机制等对策和建议。 相似文献
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农业节水激励机制及其措施 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
水价政策以及水权收益分配模式和节水技术的研究、开发、推广联动机制是农业节水激励机制的重要影响因素.要建立科学合理的农业节水激励机制,关键在于建立以水权为基础的并通过市场机制优化配置水资源的新体制,加快农业水价制度改革,培育水交易市场,依法建立农业节水的经济补偿机制和经济惩罚机制,形成农业节水技术研究与开发和推广的联动机制. 相似文献
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临洮县农村饮水解困工程的实施,解决了受益区群众的生活用水问题,极大地改善了工程区农民生产生活条件,解放了生产力,增加了农民收入,促进了产业结构调整,同时,密切了干群关系,为小康社会建设打下了坚实基础. 相似文献
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简要阐述了政府对农村饮水安全工程给予政策扶持的缘由,测算了无偿投资、电价、税费、财政补贴等扶持政策对供水成本的影响,提出了加大政府政策力度的对策建议,包括明确农村饮水安全工程的准公益属性、落实财政补贴、执行更加优惠的农业排灌电价、延长税收优惠期限等。 相似文献
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为明确次氯酸钠消毒在农村供水工程中的实际应用效果,考察了南方某省以同一地表水为水源、水处理工艺相同、分别采用液氯和次氯酸钠消毒的具有一定代表性的两处农村供水工程(T水厂和H水厂)的余氯衰减、消毒效果和副产物生成情况。结果显示:在有效氯投加量分别为1.0 mg/L和2.0 mg/L时,2.4 h后H水厂出厂水的余氯值衰减率比T水厂分别低6.53%和3.30%,两者的消毒效果均较好,H水厂的管网末梢水菌落总数值比T水厂低40.62%,微生物安全性更高;当有效氯投加量由1.0 mg/L增至2.0 mg/L时,T水厂和H水厂出厂水的三氯甲烷生成量分别增长97.36%和59.35%,三卤甲烷分别增长122.64%和91.43%,而二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸生成量增长率相差不大。研究结果表明,次氯酸钠的稳定性及消毒效果略好于液氯,且消毒副产物三氯甲烷和三卤甲烷的生成量较小。由于两水厂在水源类型、水源水质特征、工程规模及水处理工艺方面具有一定代表性,经与其他研究进行对比分析认为,次氯酸钠消毒在农村供水中具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献