超高分子量聚乙烯纤维/有机玻璃复合材料力学及摩擦磨损性能研究

用真空浸渍法制备出了超高分子量聚乙烯纤维／有机玻璃(即UHMWPE／PMMA)复合材料，并研究了其力学性能和摩擦磨损性能。实验证明，UHMWPE／PMMA复合材料具有优良的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能。纤维表面处理可以改善复合材料的力学性能。三维编织纤维增强的复合材料的磨损量远小于长纤维增强的复合材料的，但其摩擦系数没有显著变化。     

短玻纤增强聚丙烯注射压力对微观结构和力学性能影响

报道了短玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料中玻纤及注射压力对材料微观结构和力学性能的影响规律。实验结果表明: 随着玻纤含量提高, 复合材料的拉伸强度提高, 而断裂伸长率、冲击强度和熔体流动速率则下降。注射压力提高, 拉伸试样芯层中玻纤的平均取向角下降, 取向度提高, 因而拉伸强度增大, 冲击强度下降。皮层结构中玻纤沿熔体流动方向高度取向。聚丙烯球晶尺寸随玻纤含量增加而变小, 规整度也变差, 至40% 时, 聚丙烯已难以形成规整的球晶结构。     

考虑纤维方向分布的玻纤增强PP复合材料拉伸性能

纤维方向及其分布对玻纤增强PP复合材料的力学特性具有至为关键的影响.提出了一种快速获取纤维数量及每根纤维方向的方法.通过引入方向张量,利用Moldflow软件进行玻纤增强PP树脂注塑成型模拟获得纤维方向的平均分布,结合显微方法观察判断特定点的纤维沿厚度方向的分层情况及定量判断纤维方向的分布.对轿车玻璃纤维增强注塑仪表板的纤维方向相对一致处取与纤维方向呈0°、45°、90°的样条,通过拉伸实验测得拉伸模量,利用所提出的方法研究了仪表板内玻纤方向的分布及其对拉伸模量的影响.研究结果表明:玻纤增强注塑仪表板的力学性能是各向异性的,其沿厚度方向纤维按方向大致可分为三层.     

考虑纤维方向分布的玻纤增强PP复合材料拉伸性能

纤维方向及其分布对玻纤增强PP复合材料的力学特性具有至为关键的影响。提出了一种快速获取纤维数量及每根纤维方向的方法。通过引入方向张量, 利用Moldflow软件进行玻纤增强PP树脂注塑成型模拟获得纤维方向的平均分布, 结合显微方法观察判断特定点的纤维沿厚度方向的分层情况及定量判断纤维方向的分布。对轿车玻璃纤维增强注塑仪表板的纤维方向相对一致处取与纤维方向呈0°、45°、90°的样条, 通过拉伸实验测得拉伸模量, 利用所提出的方法研究了仪表板内玻纤方向的分布及其对拉伸模量的影响。研究结果表明: 玻纤增强注塑仪表板的力学性能是各向异性的, 其沿厚度方向纤维按方向大致可分为三层。     

玻纤含量对短玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料水辅注塑制品壁厚与微观形态的影响

以玻纤质量分数分别为10%、20%、30%、40%的短玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料制备了系列水辅注塑管件,观测比较了实验条件下玻纤含量对沿流动方向的壁厚及玻纤的取向分布的影响。发现在实验条件下,沿流动方向管件的壁厚呈逐渐增大的趋势,随着玻纤含量的增加,管件壁厚逐渐减小;玻纤的分布在管件壁厚层可分为近模壁层、中间层、近水道层三层;在近模壁层和近水道层玻纤的取向度较高,但在玻纤含量较高时存在玻纤断裂现象;中间层的玻纤取向度较低。最后从水辅助注塑的流场特点及玻纤的相互作用阐述了玻纤含量对管件壁厚及玻纤取向分布的影响机理。     

玻纤增强注塑件的均匀化弹性力学参数研究

基于均匀化方法,根据长玻纤增强聚丙烯(LGFR-PP)的微观特征,建立了非连续长玻纤增强复合材料的代表性体积单元(RVE),通过有限元方法模拟预测了复合材料的宏观等效弹性力学参数,与注塑样条拉伸性能测试结果进行了比较。研究表明,通过在玻纤两侧增加聚丙烯(PP)分布,所采用的RVE较传统连续纤维的有限元模型更为合理;当玻纤成单一取向时,玻纤增强聚丙烯为一种横观各向同性材料;改变玻纤取向与拉伸方向之间的角度,拉伸方向的等效模量先微幅减小,再迅速降低,而后趋于稳定。利用均匀化方法预测非连续长玻纤增强注塑件的等效弹性力学性能具有较高的工程可行性,能进一步为玻纤增强注塑件的结构服役性能分析提供科学依据。     

超声振动对玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料注射成型特性的影响

为了研究超声振动对纤维增强复合材料注射成型特性的影响,利用自行开发的超声辅助可视化注射成型实验装置对不同玻纤(GF)含量的GF增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料进行了超声外场作用下的可视化实验,观测分析了超声功率对复合熔体充填流动行为的影响。此外,通过对试样不同部位的金相观察,分析了超声功率对复合材料纤维取向的影响。结果表明:超声功率会对复合材料注射成型的充填流动行为及制品的纤维取向产生影响,而复合材料纤维含量对超声振动的效果也有直接影响。在纤维含量较低时,超声振动对基体材料微观形态的作用为影响复合材料充填流动性及纤维取向的主因;在纤维含量较高时,超声振动对纤维的作用为影响复合材料充填流动性及纤维取向的主因。研究结果为复合材料超声辅助成型技术的发展提供了依据。     

沥青基碳纤维及其混杂纤维增强尼龙1010复合材料结构与性能的研究

本工作研究了通用型沥青基碳纤维、玻璃纤维及它们的混杂纤维增强尼龙1010复合材料的结构与性能,并与相应的聚丙烯腈基碳纤维及其混杂纤维复合材料的性能作了系统的比较.实验结果表明,随短纤维含量的增加,复合材料的模量和强度线性增加,当纤维含量达到一定临界值时,其强度有所下降.聚丙烯腈基碳纤维增强尼龙1010复合材料比相应的沥青基碳纤维复合材料具有较好的力学性能,但后者通过与高强度玻璃纤维混杂增强,可提高其力学性能.本工作还研究了这些复合材料的断裂特征和它们的混杂效应.      

PTFE/MoS_2改性聚酯纤维织物复合材料摩擦性能

将各种填料加入树脂中,制备环氧树脂和聚氨酯复合材料,将树脂复合材料与聚酯纤维织物复合制备环氧/聚酯纤维织物、聚氨酯/聚酯纤维织物复合材料,采用Amsler摩擦磨损试验机考察复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,采用SEM分析磨损表面形貌,并分析其摩擦机制。结果表明:聚四氟乙烯改善环氧/聚酯纤维织物复合材料摩擦磨损性能,降低其摩擦系数,减小磨损量;MoS_2改善PU/PET复合材料摩擦磨损性能,降低复合材料的摩擦系数,减小磨损量;摩擦试验时方向对聚酯纤维复合材料的干摩擦磨损性能有一定影响,对于粘合性能好的环氧/聚酯纤维织物复合材料,偏轴方向(30°、45°和60°)上具有较低的摩擦系数和磨损率;摩擦试验时方向对酚醛聚酯纤维织物和酚醛棉纤维织物复合材料干摩擦磨损性能也有一定影响,摩擦性能与纤维性能、基体树脂性能及二者粘接性能等因素密切相关。     

热轧对搅拌摩擦加工制备CNTs/Al复合材料微结构与性能的影响

在搅拌摩擦加工制备碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料(CNTs/Al)的基础上,研究了热轧对复合材料微结构与性能的影响。结果表明,热轧使基体晶粒沿轧制方向拉长,同时有利于CNTs的取向并在一些CNTs-Al界面形成Al4C3相;基于CNTs取向等微结构的变化以及界面反应引起界面结合力增强的因素,沿轧制方向复合材料的抗拉强度、导电性明显提高,热膨胀率降低。     

玻璃纤维含量对竹粉/高密度聚乙烯复合材料性能的影响

为利用玻璃纤维提高木塑复合材料的综合性能,探讨玻璃纤维含量对竹粉/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)复合材料性能的影响规律,首先,采用A-171硅烷偶联剂对竹粉表面进行了改性,并加入了一定量的玻璃纤维;然后,采用热压成型工艺制备了玻璃纤维-竹粉/HDPE复合材料;最后,考察了玻璃纤维含量对复合材料力学性能、热学性能及摩擦学性能的影响,并利用SEM观察材料的断面和磨损表面形貌。结果表明:当玻璃纤维含量为3wt%时,能显著提高竹粉/HDPE复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度,与未添加玻璃纤维的复合材料相比,添加玻璃纤维后复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别提高了19.41%和23.54%;在30~60℃温度范围内,复合材料长度-宽度方向上的线膨胀系数随着玻璃纤维含量的增加而明显减小,而同一复合材料的线膨胀系数随温度的升高而逐步增大;在氮气气氛下,随玻璃纤维含量的增加,竹粉/HDPE复合材料的摩擦系数先逐渐增大,而后基本保持不变,磨损率逐渐减小。所得结论显示玻璃纤维含量为3wt%~7wt%的木塑产品适用于建筑横梁(如凉亭或桥梁等),而玻璃纤维含量为7wt%~10wt%的木塑产品适用于高人流量场所(如公园或休闲绿道等)的地面铺装。      

2D Carbon Fiber Reinforced High Density Polyethylene Multi-Layered Laminated Composite Panels: Structural,Mechanical, Thermal,and Morphological Profile

Carbon fiber reinforced high density polyethylene multi-layered laminated composite panels(HDPE/CF MLCP) with excellent in-plane properties along transverse direction have been formulated. Composite architectures with carbon fiber(CF) designed in 2D layout in conventional composites can alleviate their properties in thickness direction, but all attempts so far developed have achieved restrained success. Here,we have exposed an approach to the high strength composite challenge, without altering the 2D stack design on the basis of concept of fiber reinforced laminated composites that would provide enhanced mechanical and thermal properties along transverse direction. CF sheets allowed the buckling of adjoining plies in 2D MLCP. We fabricated 2D MLCP by stacking the alternative CF and HDPE layers under different loading conditions, which resulted in high strength composites. These plies of CF and HDPE served as unit cells for MLCP, with CF offering much-needed fracture toughness and hardness to these materials.For 2D HDPE/CF MLCP, we demonstrated noteworthy improvement in physical and chemical interaction between CF and HDPE, in-plane fracture strain, flexural strength(30.684 MPa), bending modulus(7436.254 MPa), thermal stability(40.94%), and surface morphology, upon increasing the CF layers up to twenty, enabling these composites truly for high temperature and high strength applications.     

Mechanical properties of high density polyethylene/carbon nanotube composites

Carbon-nanotubes (CNTs) have been used with polymers from the date of their inception to make composites having remarkable properties. An attempt has been made in this direction, in order to enhance mechanical and tribological properties of the composite materials. The latter, were achieved through the injection molding of high density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with specific volume fraction of CNTs. A considerable improvement on mechanical properties of the material can be observed when the volume fraction of CNT is increased. The composite reinforcement shows a good load transfer effect and interface link between CNT and HDPE. The volumetric wear rate is calculated from the Wang’s model, Ratner’s correlation and reciprocal of toughness. The results obtained clearly show the linear relationship with CNT loading which supports the microscopic wear model. It is concluded that both Halpin–Tsai and modified series model can be used to predict Young’s modulus of CNT–HDPE composites. From thermal analysis study, it is found that melting point and oxidation temperature of the composites are not affected by the addition of CNTs, however its crystallinity seems to increase.     

铝矾土改性竹粉/HDPE复合材料性能

为制备高性能的木塑复合材料,扩展其应用领域,采用A-171硅烷偶联剂对竹粉进行表面改性,并添加一定量的铝矾土,经热压成型制备了竹粉/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)复合材料。分析了铝矾土用量对竹粉/HDPE复合材料力学性能、耐热性和摩擦性能的影响。采用XRD分析了铝矾土的结晶特性,利用SEM和EDS分析了竹粉/HDPE复合材料的断面形貌和表面元素分布情况。结果表明:加入适量铝矾土后,竹粉/HDPE复合材料的力学强度、耐热性及耐磨性能得以改善。铝矾土在竹粉/HDPE复合材料基体中分布均匀,可有效承担载荷,同时提高了竹粉/HDPE复合材料的结晶性能,降低了竹粉/HDPE复合材料在外在应力下引起的变形和破坏;但铝矾土用量过高,分布不均匀,容易形成团聚现象,导致竹粉/HDPE复合材料的力学强度和耐磨性降低,线性热膨胀系数增大。     

纤维含量及排列方向对单向纤维复合材料介电性能的影响

本文着重研究了纤维含量和排列方向对环氧/单向玻璃纤维复合层板介电性能的影响.结果表明,纤维与施加电场方向的改变,将导致复合层板电击穿强度发生变化,其夹角越大层板承受电击穿强度越高.纤维含量增加,其单向纤维复合层板的介电性能下降.本文对单向纤维复合层板建立了亚微观介电模型,且在此基础上,对其电击穿强度,介电常数与纤维方向和纤维含量的关系进行了理论预测,其理论值与实验值有较好的吻合性.     

Finite-Element-Simulation der nichtlinearen Verformung von Carbon/Carbon-Verbundwerkstoffen

The mechanical properties of a 2D continuous fiber reinforced Carbon/Carbon-composite are described with a macroscopic model. The chosen material is representative for ceramic matrix composites which are damage tolerant because of a porous and weak matrix and not because of a weak fiber matrix interphase. Occurring damage of the matrix and inelastic deformation of the composite are modeled and the corresponding equations are included to the finite-element-program MARC in order to calculate the stress-strain behavior dependent on different angles between loading direction and fiber orientation. Thus, the behavior in tensile, shear and mixed tensile-shear loading can be predicted.     

SMC晶须增强高密度聚乙烯复合材料的拉伸性能

采用一种新型SMC晶须纤维增强HDPE制备出SH复合材料,并运用扫描电镜(SEM)、动态机械力学分析(DMA)等方法对复合材料的拉伸性能进行了研究,并在此基础上进一步研究了材料在高温下的长期拉伸蠕变性能。结果表明:与纯HDPE相比,随着晶须含量的增加,SH复合材料的拉伸强度、模量有大幅的提高,这些改善归因于晶须纤维与基体材料之间良好的兼容性及两者之间的界面强度增强;晶须对HDPE增强的同时还提高了SH复合材料的长期耐蠕变性能,随着晶须含量的增加,复合材料表现出更多的线性力学性能。     

Biomicrofibrilar composites of high density polyethylene reinforced with curauá fibers: Mechanical,interfacial and morphological properties

Vegetal fibers are used in polymer composites to improve mechanical properties, substituting inorganic reinforcing agents produced by non renewable resources, like fiberglass. The highest performance formulation in high density polyethylene, HDPE, composites reinforced with curauá fibers were studied, aiming to improve the interphase interaction and optimize the mechanical properties. The fiber content, the type and the concentration of coupling agent were tested. The composites and the pure materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the fiber/matrix phase adhesion was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties and the micrographs showed that the best formulation is: 20 wt.% of milled curauá fibers and 2 wt.% poly(ethylene-g-maleic anhydride). The coupled composites are also less hygroscopic than the uncoupled composites. We conclude that the composites reinforced with curauá fibers have mechanical properties comparable to commercially produced composites of HDPE reinforced with fiberglass.     

Influence of carbon nanotube-polymeric compatibilizer masterbatches on morphological, thermal, mechanical, and tribological properties of polyethylene

Study was made of the effect of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and polymeric compatibilizer on thermal, mechanical, and tribological properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE). The composites were prepared by melt mixing in two steps. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were melt mixed with maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (PEgMA) as polymeric compatibilizer to produce a PEgMA-CNT masterbatch containing 20 wt% of CNTs. The masterbatch was then added to HDPE to prepare HDPE nanocomposites with CNT content of 2 or 6 wt%. The unmodified and modified (hydroxyl or amine groups) CNTs had similar effects on the properties of HDPE-PEgMA indicating that only non-covalent interactions were achieved between CNTs and matrix. According to SEM studies, single nanotubes and CNT agglomerates (size up to 1 μm) were present in all nanocomposites regardless of content or modification of CNTs. Addition of CNTs to HDPE-PEgMA increased decomposition temperature, but only slight changes were observed in crystallization temperature, crystallinity, melting temperature, and coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE). Young’s modulus and tensile strength of matrix clearly increased, while elongation at break decreased. Measured values of Young’s moduli of HDPE-PEgMA-CNT composites were between the values of Young’s moduli for longitudinal (E₁₁) and transverse (E₂₂) direction predicted by Mori-Tanaka and Halpin-Tsai composite theories. Addition of CNTs to HDPE-PEgMA did not change the tribological properties of the matrix. Because of its higher crystallinity, PEgMA possessed significantly different properties from HDPE matrix: better mechanical properties, lower friction and wear, and lower CLTE in normal direction. Interestingly, the mechanical and tribological properties and CLTEs of HDPE-PEgMA-CNT composites lie between those of PEgMA and HDPE.     

Mechanical,thermal expansion,and flammability properties of co-extruded wood polymer composites with basalt fiber reinforced shells

Basalt fiber (BF) filled high density polyethylene (HDPE) and co-extruded wood plastic composites (WPCs) with BF/HDPE composite shell were successfully prepared and their mechanical, morphological and thermal properties characterized. The BFs had an average diameter of 7 μm with an organic surfactant surface coating, which was thermally decomposed at about 210 °C. Incorporating BFs into HDPE matrix substantially enhanced flexural, tensile and dynamic modulus without causing a noticeable decrease in the tensile and impact strength of the composites. Micromechanical modeling of tensile properties for the BF/HDPE composites showed a good fit of the selected models to the experimental data. Compared to neat HDPE, BF/HDPE composites had reduced linear coefficient of thermal expansion (LCTE) values. The use of the pure HDPE and BF/HDPE layers over a WPC core greatly improved impact strength of core–shell structured composites. However, the relatively less-stiff HDPE shell with large LCTE values decreased the overall composite modulus and thermal stability. Both flexural and thermal expansion properties were enhanced with BF reinforced HDPE shells, leading to well-balanced properties of core–shell structured material. Cone calorimetry analysis indicated that flammability performance of core–shell structured composites was improved as the BF content increased in the shell layer.