推广的高斯光束远场发散角理论

本文定义了光腔高斯光束的外发散角和内发散角。利用ABCD矩阵,g-、g~*-参数表示和为实验所支持的多模远场发散角的定义推导出了简单两镜腔和多元件谐振腔基模和多模外发散角和内发散角的一般公式,得出了(1)一般固体激光腔;(2)输出镜为平面反射镜;(3)激     

含热透镜多元件谐振腔的动态工作特性

由于光泵浦热效应,高功率固体激光器的输出参数如光束远场发散角、输出功率等会发生变化。本文使用g-参数等价腔详细研究了各种类型稳定腔、临界腔的动态工作特性,例如g-参数图上工作点的运动规律、临界光焦度、临界g参数以及光斑半径、远场发散角等。文中还对理论的实验验证和应用进行了讨论。     

非链式脉冲DF激光器非稳腔设计与实验研究

采用正支虚共焦腔型对非链式脉冲DF激光器进行非稳腔参数设计并开展实验研究,通过与平凹型稳定腔的对比,揭示了非稳腔在压缩激光远场发散角、提升光束质量方面的显著优势。选取能体现远场能量集中度以及实际光束与理想光束偏移程度的衍射极限倍数β为光束质量评价参数,实验中以86.5%环围能量定义光斑大小,并利用90-10刀口法测量光斑尺寸。通过对不同放大率及模体积的9组非稳腔实验结果的对比,得到了设计优化非稳腔结构参数的规律。综合输出能量、远场发散角、衍射极限倍数β三方面因素,得到了最佳非稳腔参数为放大率M=1.89,后反射镜口径D=40mm,此时激光远场发散角(全角)为0.74mrad,β=1.35,输出能量为1.86J,峰值功率为16.4MW。     

多棒串接固体激光器输出光束发散角的研究

分析了输出耦合镜和热透镜效应对激光器输出高斯光束发散角的影响.首先对等间距腔型和对称腔型双棒串接固体激光器输出高斯光束的发散角进行了比较,然后分别计算和讨论了单棒、双棒和三棒对称腔型固体激光器输出多模高斯光束发散角与热焦距的关系.     

计算激光束M~2因子的两种新方法

在评价激光的应用价值时，激光器输出光束的质量是一项重要的评价依据．一般讲，质量好的，应用价值就高．在实际应用中，针对不同的应用，人们提出了不同的参数作为衡量光束质量的标准．如用远场发散角、聚焦光斑尺寸、可聚焦能量等分别作为衡量激光测距、激光加工、激光核聚变驱动器光束质量的评价标准．国际标准化度量局（ISO）会议提出采用M2因子作为统一的光束质量标准．M2因子是实际光束腰斑半径和远场发散角的乘积与理想基模高斯光束对应值之比．M'因子越大，实际光束与理想基模高斯光束偏离越远．对作为比较标准的基模高斯光束，…     

非链式DF激光器非稳腔数值仿真与实验

基于描述光束传播的菲涅耳-基尔霍夫衍射积分理论,运用快速傅里叶变换算法仿真了非稳腔DF激光的三维近场、远场光强分布。仿真结果显示:非稳腔的近场输出光斑形状为中心对称的空心圆环,远场输出光斑为具有中心亮斑的多级衍射环;大M数将导致近场光斑能量集中,大的Neq值将引起远场发散角变大。运用该算法研究了腔镜倾斜对近场光强分布的影响:腔镜倾斜使光束近场分布变差,倾斜角越大,光强的非对称分布越明显。开展了非链式DF激光器非稳腔实验研究,实验得到的近场、远场光强分布及腔镜失调下的近场光斑变化情况与数值模拟结果一致,实验测量的远场发散角为1.2 mrad。文中的仿真结果可为DF激光器腔镜失调诊断及调节提供依据。     

用混合型非稳腔改善准分子激光的输出特性

通过远场光束质量测量,比较了稳定腔、平行平面腔和混合型非稳腔的输出特性。实验结果表明对于高增益的准分子激光,采用部份透射镜作耦合输出的混合型非稳腔可以使准分子激光的发散角减小到毫弧度量级。     

大功率TEA CO2 激光远场发散角评估方法

在大功率激光远距离定向传输中,远场发散角是衡量其性能的一个重要参量。大功率TEA CO2激光具有功率高、光束直径大等特点,常规手段无法准确测量其远场发散角。为解决该难题,提出了一种利用激光光斑尺寸拟合分析法来评估大功率TEA CO2激光的远场发散角。首先,从理论上推导大Fresnel数多模高斯激光束远场发散角,分析了影响激光束发散角的主要因素;然后,采用光斑烧蚀法试验测量近场(20 m)光斑数据,基于光束质量(M2)因子理论拟合得出了激光光束质量和束腰大小,从而推导出激光束远场发散角;最后,对比分析了以上两种方法的计算结果,讨论了结果存在偏差的原因。结果表明,近场光斑数据拟合法可准确、便捷地测量大功率TEA CO2激光束远场发散角。     

定向棱镜谐振腔的特性研究

采用定向棱镜谐振腔在固体激光器上获得了腔镜允许失调角为± 2 0°的高抗失调稳定性和远场发散角小于 1.6 mrad,光场模式为低阶模的高光束质量的激光输出 ,并对谐振腔的特性进行了理论分析。     

外腔半导体激光器的空间模式特性分析

通过对宽发光截面半导体激光器(BAL)输出激光空间特性和远场分布的理论分析,并根据激光振荡的自再现原理,导出了反馈注入外腔宽发光截面半导体激光器输出激光的光场分布。计算表明外腔的反馈作用可以看作是频谱面上引入了一个带通滤波器,通过选择特定模式的频谱分量进行反馈注入,从而实现选模和改善输出激光光束质量的目的。完成了相应的外腔反馈注入宽发光截面半导体激光器的实验,获得了单瓣近衍射极限的激光输出,在工作电流为1.18倍阈值电流时,获得远场发散角为0.074°的输出激光,计算得相应的光束衍射倍率因子M2为1.16,和理论计算的结果基本吻合。     

Optical properties of pulsed generation in capillary gas laserswith internal-mirror waveguide resonators

The angular distribution and coherence of pulsed capillary lasers with the optical feedback implemented by waveguide Fabry-Perot resonators with internal mirrors have been theoretically studied. We have shown that spatially-coherent, low divergence radiation can be generated even for short pulse duration if the cavity parameters (the refractive index of the capillary wall and the waveguide dimensions) are properly chosen     

100-mW kink-free blue-violet laser diodes with low aspect ratio

400-nm-band GaN-based laser diodes (LDs) operating with a kink-free output power of over 100 mW and having a low aspect ratio of 2.3 have been successfully fabricated for the first time. A new ridge structure, in which the outside of the ridge is covered with a stacked layer of Si on SiO/sub 2/ and the ridge width is as narrow as 1.5 /spl mu/m, is applied to realize high kink-free output power with a wide beam divergence angle parallel to the junction plane. A new layer structure around the active layer is demonstrated to be quite effective for obtaining a narrow beam divergence angle perpendicular to the junction plane, maintaining low threshold current. Ten LDs with low aspect ratio have been operated stably for over 1000 h under 30-mW continuous-wave operation at 60/spl deg/C. Relative intensity noise measured under optical feedback with high-frequency modulation is as low as -125 dB/Hz. These results indicate that this LD is suitable for next-generation high-density optical storage systems.     

确定KrF激光光束品质的光楔法

运用光楔对发散角较大、光束品质不够好的ＫｒＦ激光光束进行了分光测量，测量了ＫｒＦ激光光束的一维能量分布和远场发散角；具体计算了ＫｒＦ激光光束剖面的能量密度分布的均匀性。     

Time resolved beam divergence from a copper vapor laser withunstable resonator

The temporal evolution of the far-field intensity distribution (and hence beam divergence) for the output of a CVL operating with both on-axis and off-axis unstable resonators is investigated in detail. The CVL output pulse consists of several temporally resolved components, where each successive component has lower divergence approaching the diffraction limit. A comprehensive model for the divergence of each temporal component from a CVL operating with a variety of unstable resonators is presented. In this model the resonator controls the output divergence by imposing geometric constraints on the propagation of spontaneous emission on repeated round-trips through the unstable resonator equivalent lensguide. Effects of resonator asymmetry and radial gain variations on the far-field intensity distribution (and hence divergence) are evaluated. Experimental measurements of the temporal evolution of output divergence from a CVL operating with both on-axis and off-axis unstable resonators and for a variety of excitation conditions are also presented. For CVL operation at high pulse repetition frequency the ASE at the start of the laser pulse has an annular profile. This annular gain distribution is found to modify the output far-field intensity distribution of the earlier temporal components of the laser pulse. For on-axis unstable resonators these components are found to have annular far-field intensity distributions, whereas for off-axis unstable resonators they have greatly reduced but anisotropic divergence     

自由空间光通信链路最优束散角分析

讨论了FSO通信系统链路最优束散角问题。由空间光通信链路方程得出,减小束散角会增大通信链路裕量。在未对准误差情况下,深入分析偏移角、束散角与链路裕量之间的关系;假设未对准损耗是链路裕量的唯一影响因素的条件下,通过推导得出最大偏移角表达式,当未对准(偏移)角度取得最大值时对应的便是最优束散角。由仿真分析可知,偏移角度的增大导致系统接收光功率减小;对于该系统光束束散角处于1.6 mrad时便是最优束散角。该部分内容研究为对星地的上行和下行通信链路功率计算提供了理论支撑。     

浸没式光刻系统中光束传输系统的设计

为实现浸没式光刻照明系统掩模面上高均匀照明性和不同照明模式,对照明系统中的光束传输系统进行了研究。浸没式光刻照明系统中的激光光束传输系统是光刻机中的重要组成部分,直接影响光刻机性能。针对浸没式光刻照明系统特点,提出了采用球面镜和柱面镜组合的光学结构,进行了激光准直扩束系统的光学设计与仿真分析。此外,对设计的准直扩束系统进行了公差分析,以保证在加工和装调完成后光束的发散角和口径均满足设计要求。最后,在系统完成的基础上对不同位置处的光斑尺寸进行测量。设计结果表明,系统能够满足光束在5~20 m传输光路范围内,不需要进行透镜间隔的调节,实现光斑大小和发散角满足设计要求,保证目标光束口径在(28.5±0.5)mm范围内,X方向发散角为1.2 mrad,Y方向发散角为1.84 mrad。通过分析发现,设计结果能够很好地满足指标的精度要求,具有重要的应用价值和实用意义。     

Single-mode blue-violet laser diodes with low beam divergence and high COD level

We demonstrate GaN-based high-power single transverse-mode laser diodes (LDs) emitting at 405 nm. LD structures are designed to exhibit a high level of catastrophic optical damage and small beam divergence angle. By the control of refractive index profiles, we achieved a vertical beam divergence angle of as low as 17.5/spl deg/ and maximum output power of as high as 470 mW under continuous-wave operation condition. In addition, nearly fundamental transverse-mode operation is demonstrated up to 500-mW pulsed output power by far-field investigation.     

Single longitudinal mode operation of the electron-beam-pumped semiconductor laser

The influence of the external and internal resonator parameters on the laser emission spectral and spatial characteristics has been investigated. Single longitudinal mode operation of the electron-beam-pumped visible semiconductor laser with an external resonator has been observed. A single-mode peak power of 0.8 W and beam divergence of less than 3° were achieved.     

受光束漂移影响的深空上行激光通信链路信道容量

使用Monte-Carlo仿真方法,基于光强闪烁和光束漂移的联合模型,对使用脉冲编码调制方式（PPM）和雪崩光电二极管（APD）探测器直接探测接收的深空上行激光通信链路的信道容量进行了分析。仿真结果表明,与下行链路中信道容量随着束散角的增加而单调下降的现象不同,对于存在光束漂移作用的上行星地激光链路,存在一个最优发射束散角使得星地激光系统的信道容量最大。在此基础上,对最优束散角与发射光束数目、方位角、热噪声和发射端的光束半径之间的关系进行了分析。所得的结果可以帮助实现星地激光通信系统上行链路的优化设计。     

Analysis of optical coherence multiplexing networks for satellite communication

Free-space optical communication between satellites networked together can enable a high data rate between the satellites. Coherence multiplexing (CM) is an attractive technique for satellite networking due to its ability to cope with the asynchronous nature of communication traffic and the dynamic changes taking place in the satellite constellation. The use of optical radiation for intersatellite links creates very narrow beam divergence angles. Due to the narrow beam divergence angle, the vibration of the pointing system, the movement of the satellite, and the large distance between them the pointing from one satellite to another is a complicated task. The vibration of the pointing system is caused by two stochastic fundamental mechanisms: 1) tracking noises created by the electrooptic tracker and 2) vibrations created by internal satellite mechanical mechanisms and external environments. We derive mathematical models of signal, noise, the approximate signal-to-noise ratio, and the approximate bit-error rates of optical communication satellite networks as functions of the system's parameters, the number of satellites, and the vibration amplitude for frequency-shift keying coherence multiplexing (FSK-CM). Based on these models, we can calculate the negative impact of both the number of satellites and the optical terminal vibration on the system's performance.