全固态高输出功率单频Nd:YVO4/KTP激光器

利用光纤耦合输出的半导体激光器(LD)端面抽运Nd∶YVO4晶体,激光谐振腔采用四镜环形腔结构,通过KTP晶体内腔倍频,获得了高功率全固态连续单频绿光激光输出。根据临界相位匹配下椭圆高斯光束的倍频理论,通过旋转Nd∶YVO4晶体的方向选取合适的基频光偏振方向,使KTP晶体的走离角所在平面与谐振腔弧矢面平行,可提高内腔倍频转换效率。当抽运功率为20 W时,激光器最大单频绿光输出功率达4.8 W。作为对比,控制基频光偏振方向使KTP晶体的走离角所在平面与谐振腔子午面平行时,激光器最大单频绿光输出功率为4.1 W。对比两种情形下的实验结果,激光器的光-光转换效率从21.8%提高到25.5%。     

85W高稳定全固态绿光激光器的研究

研究了平均功率达 85W高功率高稳定性全固态绿光激光器 ,从理论上分析了全固态内腔倍频晶体热效应相位失配对输出功率的影响 ;数值模拟了倍频晶体内部的热量分布 ,计算了倍频晶体相位匹配角随温度变化的失配量。在实验中 ,采用 80个 2 0W的高功率半导体激光器侧面抽运单Nd∶YAG棒 ,采用双声光Q开关、高效平凹谐振腔结构 ,对大尺寸KTP晶体进行角度偏离法补偿相位失配并配合强冷却等技术 ,实现高功率内腔倍频激光器的稳定运转 ;在抽运电流为 17 3A时 ,实现了重复频率为 2 0 4kHz,脉冲宽度 2 30ns,输出功率为 85W的高功率、高重复频率绿光 ( 5 32nm)输出 ,不稳定性为± 1 0 3% ,光 光转换效率为 9 7%。     

138 W窄脉宽全固态绿光激光器

报道了绿光平均功率达138 W的声光调Q内腔倍频全固态Nd∶YAG绿光激光器。为了进一步提高绿光激光器的输出功率以及压窄脉宽,通过倍频晶体相位匹配角随温度变化的分析以及腔型的研究,设计并优化了U型谐振腔。实验中采用两个聚光腔,每个聚光腔由35个20 W的高功率激光二极管(LD)侧面抽运Nd∶YAG棒,利用Ⅱ类相位匹配KTP晶体腔内倍频,实现了高平均功率内腔倍频激光器的稳定运转。在两个聚光腔的激光二极管抽运电流分别为18.5 A,20.5 A时,获得了重复频率为10 kHz,脉冲宽度优于49 ns,输出功率为138 W的高功率、高重复频率、窄脉宽绿光(532 nm)输出,光-光转换效率为14.1%,不稳定度为±2.8%。     

全固态绿光激光器的噪声特性研究

观察了用LD 泵浦Nd∶YVO4 晶体,用Ⅱ类临界位相匹配KTP 晶体腔内倍频的全固态 绿光激光器的噪声特性,指出绿光噪声主要来自于倍频晶体内不同纵模的相互耦合。分别采 用谐振腔内插入布氏片和采用Ⅰ类位相匹配BBO 晶体腔内倍频,均实现了连续绿光的低噪声 稳定输出。     

单管LD泵浦的高效紧凑连续绿光激光器

结合Nd：YVO4的偏振吸收和LD（激光二极管）的偏振性,设计了高效的自聚焦透镜耦合系统、利用激光晶体和倍频晶体构成激光谐振腔、KTP晶体的II类相位匹配,计算并分析了在存在热透镜情况下平-平固体激光腔的特性,研制出高效紧凑结构的全固态绿光激光器。激光器利用TEC精确控制激光晶体和KTP晶体的温度,当泵浦功率为4.8 W时,532nm输出功率为1.4 W,光-光转换效率达到30%,24小时不稳定性±2%。     

绿光输出达85W的全固态绿光激光器谐振腔研究

报道了对平均功率达85 W的高功率、高稳定性全固态绿光激光器谐振腔特性的研究,将高平均功率运转条件下的KTP倍频晶体的热透镜效应等效为一个薄透镜,利用ABCD传输矩阵,通过图解方法定性地讨论了KTP晶体的热透镜效应对谐振腔的稳定性和腔内激光模式的巨大影响,理论分析表明适当大小的倍频晶体热透镜焦距不但可以有效地补偿Nd:YAG棒的热透镜效应,而且对增大激光介质中的模体积和在倍频晶体处提高功率密度都有积极作用.实验中采用了80个20 W的高功率半导体激光器侧面抽运的单Nd:YAG棒、两个声光Q开关、高效平-凹谐振腔结构、对大尺寸KTP晶体进行角度偏离法补偿相位失配等技术,并通过对KTP晶体采取适当的冷却方式,最终实现了高功率内腔倍频激光器的高稳定性运转;在抽运功率约为1080 W时,实现了重复频率为20.4kHz,脉冲宽度230 ns,输出功率达85 W的高功率、高重复频率绿光(532 nm)输出,不稳定性仅为士1.03%.     

LD抽运Nd:YAG/KTP腔内倍频16W连续波绿光激光器

为了得到一台大功率连续波绿光激光器,采用9个20W的高功率半导体激光器侧面抽运Nd:YAG棒,倍频晶体选用Ⅱ类相位匹配的KTP晶体,设计了三镜折叠腔结构,使得放置倍频晶体位置处基频光的光腰稍大,从而尽量避免KTP晶体的"灰线效应",通过调节角度的办法来补偿倍频晶体热效应导致的相位失配,得到在抽运电流为19.5A时,连续波绿光输出可达16W,倍频转换效率为40%的结果。实验结果表明,Nd:YAG/KTP是产生大功率连续绿光的较佳组合。     

高效高功率侧面抽运腔内倍频连续绿光激光器

激光二极管(LD)侧面抽运的内腔倍频激光器技术是实现高功率、高稳定且低成本连续绿光激光器的有效方法。为满足激光彩色显示、激光加工、数据存储、医疗卫生和科研等领域对连续绿光激光器的需求,研制了一台高效、高功率侧面抽运腔内倍频Nd∶YAG/KTP连续绿光激光器。采用优化的平-凹-平三镜折叠腔结构,Ⅱ类相位匹配KTP晶体内腔倍频,当808 nm激光二极管抽运功率约为180 W时,得到最高18.7 W的连续绿光激光输出,对应的光-光转换效率为10.4%。在输出功率15.4 W时测量激光功率稳定性,其功率不稳定度小于0.5%。输出光束平滑,远场为类高斯分布,用刀口法测量了激光器不同输出功率时的光束质量,光束传输因子M2小于7。     

LD泵浦Nd∶YVO_4/KTP腔内倍频绿光激光器的研究

报道了LD端面泵浦Nd∶YVO_4晶体、类相位匹配KTP腔内倍频的绿光激光器。实验中,在泵浦功率为8.6W时,输出的基模绿光功率为132mW,分析了转换效率低的一些原因。     

基于楔形Nd:YVO_4/KTP双折射滤波的单频绿光激光器

通过研究双折射晶体Nd:YVO_4的偏振特性,利用楔角为10°的Nd:YVO_4激光晶体和倍频晶体KTP(磷酸钛氧钾)在绿光激光器中构造了一个新型双折射滤波器。理论分析了KTP晶体的长度、基频光在KTP中的入射角度和KTP的温度对双折射滤波器选频的影响。实验中使用长度为4.4,5,7 mm的KTP,采用V型腔结构,最后分别获得了90,120,104 mW的单频绿光。实验结果表明,由楔形Nd:YVO_4和KTP构成的双折射滤波器成功实现了激光单纵模运转,且方法简单易行。当KTP晶体长度为5 mm时,测得楔形Nd:YVO_4/KTP激光器的单纵模运转温度范围约为5℃。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks