基于EVM约束的预留子载波峰均比抑制

传统预留子载波(Tone Reservation, TR)技术要求预留的子载波与数据子载波正交,占据的带宽受限,因而其降低峰值平均功率比(Peak-to-Average Power Ratio, PAPR)能力有限。提出了一种基于误差适量幅度(Error Vector Magnitude, EVM)约束的TR算法,将传统的预留子载波扩展至数据子载波生成峰值消除信号,从而大幅度降低峰值功率。基于系统误码率的考虑,在优化问题中加入数据子载波上会出现的最大EVM约束,采用凹凸过程(Concave-convex Procedure, CCCP)优化算法求解提出的优化问题。仿真结果表明,所提算法在发送端峰均比改善5.6 dB的同时,接收端解调性能仅损失1 dB。     

光OFDM系统中一种改进的SLM峰均比抑制方案

针对光正交频分复用(O-OFDM)系统中峰值平均功 率比(PAPR)较高的缺点,对PAPR抑制技术的选择性 映射法(SLM) 进行了深入研究。基于低复杂度SLM方案的深入研究,提出了一种改进的次PAP R选择的思 想与低复杂度SLM相结合的PAPR抑制方案。改 进的SLM方案能够成倍降低传统SLM方案的计算复杂 度。仿真分析表明,改进的SLM方案在载波数为256的O-OFDM系统中,计算复杂度能降低50%以上,并 且随着子载波数的增加,其复杂度降低程度更为高效;同时,该改进的SLM方案又能使其PAPR抑制性能优于传统的SLM方案,从而进一步提升了低复杂度SLM 方案的实用价值。     

基于SF-MCMA均衡技术的直接检测光OFDM系统实验研究

提出了一种基于分频修正常模算法(SF-MCMA)的均衡技术补偿由光正交频分复用(O-OFDM)传输系统中色散引起的频率选择性衰减(FF)对信号的影响。理论分析了直接检测O-OFDM(DDO-OFDM)传输系统中O-OFDM信号因色散而产生的FF原因,并证明了对O-OFDM不同子载波信号进行SF-MCMA均衡可以纠正色散对OFDM信号的幅度失真和相位偏移的影响。通过实验表明,经100km标准单模光纤(SSMF)传输后,使用SF-MCMA均衡的信号比未使用该均衡的信号系统接收功率代价在(BER)为10e-4时降低了2dB。说明此均衡方法能够有效抵抗色散的影响。同时,此方法中O-OFDM信号不需要训练序列和导频,节省了带宽,可提高信号的频谱利用率。     

OFDM系统最大值抵消峰均比抑制算法

正交频分复用(OFDM)系统应用中的一个关键问题是如何降低信号的峰值平均功率比(PAPR).针对这一问题,本文提出一种新的峰均比抑制算法--最大值抵消算法.新算法利用OFDM系统的预留子载波,在子载波上注入冗余数据,形成新的信号,以改变原信号的PAPR值.在处理上,将新信号的PAPR值与原信号PAPR值进行比较,选取PAPR值较小的信号发送,从而降低信号的PAPR.仿真结果表明,由于新的算法不需要发送边带信息,不改变原信号的顺序和相位关系,故而在较好地抑制信号PAPR值的同时,该算法对误码率的影响非常小.这是本方法的主要特点和价值所在.     

光OFDM系统中削波噪声的建模与研究

针对光正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中峰值平均功率比(PAPR)较高的缺点,研究了削波法降低PAPR的原理;根据这一原理,通过大量数据分析计算,建立了基于MQAM调制下光OFDM系统中的削波噪声模型;由所建立的模型,直接计算得出不同调制下光OFDM系统削波后的误符率。仿真结果表明,每种进制调制下,根据本文建立的削波噪声模型与OFDM具体系统模型仿真所得到的两条曲线基本吻合,并且这两条曲线在不同削波比下的最大均方误差(MSE)不超过1.26×10-2。这充分论证了所建立的削波噪声模型的可行性与适用性。     

新预留子载波方法降低光OFDM系统的PAPR

在光正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中较大峰均功率比(PAPR)的信号将会产生严重的畸变,导致系统误码率性能严重下降,为抑制光OFDM系统的PAPR,提出了一种新预留子载波方法.仿真结果表明,该方法与传统预留子载波方法相比,其对PAPR的抑制作用不会随着调制阶数的增大而减小,具有很高的稳定性和更小的运算复杂度,更适用于自适...     

可见光通信单极性非对称限幅光OFDM技术研究

为了提升非对称限幅光正交频分复用(ACO-OFDM )的频谱效率,提出了一种单极性非对称限幅 光OFDM(UACO-OFDM)调制技术。UACO-OFDM是由ACO-OFDM和单极性OFDM(U-OFDM)两种 光OFDM信号组成,不同长度的信号在发送端按照一定规则进行叠加。然后通过发光二极管(LED)进行 传输,在接收端只用1个光电检测器(PD)接收光信号,采用干扰消除方法依次对不同信号 进行解调。当 调制阶数相同时,UACO-OFDM的频谱效率要高于ACO-OFDM。在频谱效率相等的情况下,对 UACO-OFDM和其他传统光OFDM调制方式的误比特率(BER)和峰均比(PAPR) 性能进行对比分析。 仿真结果表明,UACO-OFDM的BER性能更优。与频 谱能量有效OFDM(SEE-OFDM)相比,当子载波 数为64时,两者的PAPR性能比较接近;当子载波数为256024时,UACO-OFDM比SEE-OFDM的PAPR分别低2dB和5dB以上。     

联合限幅和μ律压扩抑制可见光通信系统的峰均功率比北大核心CSCD

直流偏置光正交频分复用(DC-biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing,DCO-OFDM)可见光通信(visible light communication,VLC)系统具有较高的峰均功率比(peak-to-average power ratio,PAPR)。为解决此问题,提出一种联合限幅和归一化μ律压扩算法抑制DCO-OFDM系统的PAPR。首先,该联合算法利用限幅操作对时域信号中的大峰值信号进行削波来降低信号的幅值;其次,对限幅后的信号再进行压扩变换。通过这种联合算法,DCO-OFDM系统的PAPR可以显著降低。实验仿真结果表明,当采用16QAM调制方式,互补累计函数的值为10^(-3)时,相比较于联合限幅和传统μ律压扩算法,此联合算法的PAPR下降了约2.206 dB。     

降低光正交频分复用系统PAPR的算法研究

本文针对光正交频分复用(O-OFDM)系统的高峰均比(PAPR)问题,提出了联合降低PAPR算法,利用选择映射法随机改变OFDM码元的初始相位分布,降低码元峰值出现的概率,采纳限幅加窗方法降低码元峰值,从而达到降低系统的PAPR。仿真结果表明,联合降低PAPR算法有效降低了O-OFDM系统的PAPR。     

基于改进子载波预留算法的正交频分复用信号峰均比抑制方法研究

由于系统对线性元器件的要求非常严格,导致目前正交频分复用(OFDM)系统产生峰值平均功率比(PAPR)过高的问题,引起OFDM和基于OFDM的雷达一体化系统的信号失真,影响系统性能。针对该问题,该文提出了基于加权最小二乘法的子载波预留法(TR)。该算法首先将OFDM设计方案中的子载波分为数据子载波和预留的空白子载波,数据子载波调制数据子载波,空白子载波调制空白数据。然后利用原始数据通过加权最小二乘法得到最佳削峰系数和削峰数据,并将削峰数据调制在空白子载波上面。最后将削峰数据叠加到原始数据上,完成PAPR的抑制。仿真表明,基于加权最小二乘法的TR算法能够在1～3次迭代下实现良好的PAPR抑制效果,并且它的收敛速度相比于传统算法有了明显的提高。     

聚对苯撑苯并双(口恶)唑发光及其器件制备

采用光谱技术,研究了聚对苯撑苯并双(口恶)唑(PBO)溶液的光敏发光特性,并用相对法估算出溶液发光效率在50%范围.结合光谱技术、半导体电学和电化学等研究手段,具体研究了以PBO为发光层的单层电致发光器件,研究结果显示,电致发光与薄膜的光致发光有具有相同的发光中心,峰值位于510 nm左右.同时发现,由于存制备过程中不同处理条件使得不同厚度薄膜残留的掺杂物质浓度不同,从而引起薄膜的导电性的不同.使得器件的阈值场强随PBO厚度的减小而逐渐增加.     

系统级封装新型埋入式电源滤波结构的研究

在高密度小尺寸的系统级封装(SiP)中,对供电系统的完整性要求越来越高,多芯片共用一个电源网路所产生的电压抖动除了会影响到芯片的正常工作,还会通过供电网路干扰到临近电路和其他敏感电路,导致芯片误动作,以及信号完整性和其他电磁干扰问题.这种电压抖动所占频带相当宽,几百MHz到几个GHz的中频电源噪声普通方法很难去除.结合埋入式电容和电源分割方法的特点,提出一种新型高性能埋入式电源低通滤波结构直接替代电源/地平面.研究表明,在0.65～4GHz的频带内隔离深度可达-40～75 dB,电源阻抗均在0.25ohm以下,实现了宽频高隔离度的高性能滤波作用.分别用电磁场和广义传输线两种仿真器模拟,高频等效电路模型分析这种低通滤波器的工作原理以及结构对隔离性能的影响,并进行了实验验证.     

Emerging interconnects: a state-of-the-art review and emerging solutions

Aluminium was a primary material for interconnection in integrated circuits (ICs) since their inception. Later, copper was introduced as interconnect material which has better metallic conductivity and resistance to electromigration. As the aggressive technology scaling continues, the copper resistivity increased because of size effects, which causes increase in delay, power dissipation and electromigration. The need to reduce the resistor-capacitor??????? delay, dynamic power utilisation and the crosstalk commotion is as of now the fundamental main impetus behind the presentation of new materials. The purpose of this paper is to do a survey of interconnect material used in IC from introduction of ICs to till date. This paper studies and reviews new materials available for interconnect application which are optical interconnects, carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and silicon nanowires which are alternatives to copper. While doing a survey of interconnect material, it is found that multiwalled CNTs, multilayer GNR and mixed CNT bundles are promising candidates and are ultimate choice that can strongly address the problems faced by copper but on integration basis copper would last for coming years.     

Arsenic deposition as a precursor layer on silicon (211) and (311) surfaces

We investigate the properties of arsenic (As) covered Si(211) and Si(311) surfaces by analyzing data from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) images. We then create a model using total surface energy calculations. It was found that both Si(211) and Si(311) had 0.68±0.08 surface As coverage. Si(211) had 0.28±0.04 Te coverage and Si(311) had 0.24±0.04 Te coverage. The Si(211) surface replaces the terrace and trench Si atoms with As for a lower surface energy, while the Si edge atoms form dimers. The Si(311) surface replaces all terrace atoms and adsorbs an As dimer every other edge site. These configurations imply an improvement in the mean migration path from the bare silicon surface by allowing the impinging atoms for the next epitaxial layer, tellurium (Te), to bind at every other pair of edge atoms, and not the step terrace sites. This would ensure a nonpolar, B-face growth.     

光子晶体微腔发光二极管

光子晶体微腔因其具有增强自发辐射、定向输出和单模工作的能力而受到广泛关注。介绍了光子晶体微腔发光二极管的基本原理、设计、特性、制作及其典型器件。     

Comparative study of maximum power point tracking techniques for hybrid renewable energy system

The power generation demand is increasing day-by-day throughout the world, therefore, the use of hybrid systems becomes a significant solution. The hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) is used for delivering power in various regions in order to overcome intermittence of wind and solar resources. Because of increasing environmental problems, for example, greenhouse gas emission and energy cost have interested novel research into substitute methods in favour of electrical power generation. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control method is a vast deal of novel research used for enhancing the efficiency of HRES. The authors have revealed that the hybrid techniques i.e. Global MPPT, fuzzy-neuro systems, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Perturbed and Observe (P&O) + Adaptive Neural Network (ANN) etc. can provide best results as compared to other MPPT control methods. This paper offering a state of art review of MPPT control techniques for HRES.     

用于单光子TOF测量的时间-幅度变换器

基于新型共源共栅电流源的积分方法,设计了一种用于单光子飞行时间(TOF)测量的时间-幅度变换器(TAC).该方法有效简化了 TAC电路结构,减小了 TAC占用面积,显著提高了TOF的满量程范围(FSR).采用0.18 μm标准CMOS工艺设计.集成TAC的单光子探测器像素单元的填充因子可达到26.8％.后仿真结果表明,...     

Joint estimation of TOA and DOA in IR-UWB system using a successive propagator method

Impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) ranging and positioning require accurate estimation of time-of-arrival (TOA) and direction-of-arrival (DOA). With receiver of two antennas, both of the TOA and DOA parameters can be estimated via two-dimensional (2D) propagator method (PM), in which the 2D spectral peak searching, however, renders much higher computational complexity. This paper proposes a successive PM algorithm for joint TOA and DOA estimation in IR-UWB system to avoid 2D spectral peak searching. The proposed algorithm firstly gets the initial TOA estimates in the two antennas from the propagation matrix, then utilises successively one-dimensional (1D) local searches to achieve the estimation of TOAs in the two antennas, and finally obtains the DOA estimates via the difference in the TOAs between the two antennas. The proposed algorithm, which only requires 1D local searches, can avoid the high computational cost in 2D-PM algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can obtain automatically paired parameters and has better joint TOA and DOA estimation performance than conventional PM algorithm, estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques algorithm and matrix pencil algorithm. Meanwhile, it has very close parameter estimation to that of 2D-PM algorithm. We have also derived the mean square error of TOA and DOA estimation of the proposed algorithm and the Cramer-Rao bound of TOA and DOA estimation in this paper. The simulation results verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.     

超宽带脉冲信号的光学生成方法研究

近年来超宽带(UWB)通信技术迅猛发展,在测量、雷达技术、民用和军事无线通信中有着重要的应用,UWB-over-fiber技术已经成为目前研究的热点,其中就包括UWB脉冲信号的产生方法。区别于传统的电子学方法,光子学产生方法不受电子瓶颈制约,可以实现很高的带宽,并且具有抗电磁干扰、重量轻、结构紧凑的优点。通过对比国内外本领域研究成果,讨论及总结了以下三种原理的UWB脉冲信号的光学生成方法:1)相位调制-强度调制转换(PM-IM);2)半导体光放大器(SOA)的非线性效应;3)频谱塑形和色散所致频域-时域映射,然后对各种方案进行了对比分析。     

多孔硅发光机制的分析

从量子力学的基本理论出发讨论了量子限制效应，推导出多孔硅有效禁带宽度增量并用量子限制效应和表面态及其物质在发光中作用的理论解释了ＰＳ光致发光的实验现象。