纳米TiO2光催化水泥降解甲基橙的研究

光催化剂与建筑材料的结合是光催化领域一个重要的发展方向.文中以添加纳米TiO2的水泥为研究对象,以甲基橙的光催化降解活性为指标,考察了光催化水泥用量、水泥中TiO2的含量、水泥水化龄期以及甲基橙初始浓度对甲基橙降解效果的影响.结果表明,在紫外光照射下,当甲基橙的初始浓度为5 mg/L,光催化水泥用量为3 g/L,水泥中TiO2含量为5%时,光催化效率最高;延长水泥水化龄期,光催化水泥对甲基橙的吸附性能和降解性能均有所下降;提高甲基橙初始浓度,可以增强光催化水泥对甲基橙的吸附性能,当初始浓度达到15 mg/L时,光催化水泥的吸附量可达54.5%.     

稀土改性Ni/TiO_2光催化剂及其重复利用催化活性

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La或Ce改性的0.3%Ni/TiO2(即La-Ni/TiO2或Ce-Ni/TiO2),考察了La-Ni/TiO2或Ce-Ni/TiO2在催化降解甲基橙水溶液过程中的重复利用性能,并用XRD、N2吸附-脱附以及XPS等手段对催化剂进行了表征分析。研究表明,适宜La和Ce掺杂量(La/Ti、Ce/Ti摩尔比)分别为0.15%和0.1%,适宜焙烧温度为400℃。在酸性条件下(pH=3),La-Ni/TiO2和Ce-Ni/TiO2与Ni/TiO2光降解甲基橙的能力相当,但La或Ce掺杂使Ni/TiO2催化剂的重复使用能力提高。催化剂上存在低结合能的低价钛离子(如Ti3+),低价钛离子的含量和结合能大小是衡量催化剂光催化降解活性的重要因素。可能是La或Ce使催化剂在使用过程中低价钛离子得到较好保留,从而使催化剂活性得到较好维持,催化剂重复使用性能提高。     

TiO_2/Mg(OH)_2复合材料对有机污水中甲基橙的光催化降解动力学的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米TiO2,并以TiO2和镁盐溶液为前驱物用氨气鼓泡法制得了TiO2/Mg(OH)2复合材料.利用氢氧化镁在水溶液中较强的吸附能力和TiO2对有机物的催化降解作用,研究TiO2/Mg(OH)2复合材料对有机污水中的甲基橙暗反应吸附规律和光反应催化降解性能.结果表明:当TiO2/Mg(OH)2加入量为1 g·L-1时,在可见光下照射180 min后,对有机污水中含20 mg·L-1的甲基橙的降解率达到98.00%,同时在同等条件下选用国家标准(30 mg·L-1亚甲基蓝溶液)作为参照时,降解率可达99.20%.TiO2/Mg(OH)2复合材料对污水中甲基橙的催化降解反应较好地符合Langmuir动力学模型,可用一级反应动力学方程进行描述.     

铈掺杂TiO2光催化降解甲基橙的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纯的及掺杂不同量Ce的TiO2纳米粒子,利用UV-Vis漫反射光谱及XRD等对所制备样品进行表征和解释,以高压汞灯为光源,甲基橙水溶液的脱色为模型反应,研究了CeO2/TiO2的光催化降解反应活性.实验发现掺杂Ce的TiO2纳米粒子反射光谱特性向可见光方向红移到了500 nm;掺杂Ce的TiO2纳米粒子比纯的TiO2纳米粒子对光的吸收率高、吸收能力强;掺杂的Ce4+仅有少量进入TiO2晶格中,而大部分的Ce4+没有进入TiO2晶格中,而是以小团簇的CeO2形态均匀地分散在TiO2纳米粒子中或者是覆盖在其表面上,说明掺杂Ce能提高TiO2光催化反应活性,且掺杂Ce量有最佳值.实验结果表明在TiO2中掺杂Ce的摩尔百分含量为2%,甲基橙起始浓度为20 mg·L-1,CeO2/TiO2用量为0.400 g,双氧水用量为5.88 mmol·L-1,pH值为6.4时,光照8 h,甲基橙的脱色率可达96.8%.     

水热法制备氮、铁共掺杂TiO_2研究

以钛酸正丁酯为前躯体,硝酸铵和九水硝酸铁为氮、铁掺杂源,利用水热法制备了氮、铁共掺杂TiO2粉体。采用XRD、FE-SEM、EDS、BET、FT-IR等手段对所制备粉体进行了表征。结果显示:共掺杂TiO2粉体为锐钛矿型,呈球状,粒径为9.2 nm,较高的比表面积201 m2/g。对甲基橙溶液的光降解实验结果表明,在350W氙灯(模拟自然光)条件下,共掺杂的TiO2对于甲基橙的降解率为96.4%,光催化活性高于P25。在太阳光下,光照4 h,对甲基橙的降解率达到84.5%。     

水热法制备稀土掺杂纳米TiO_2薄膜及光催化降解性能研究

以Ti(SO4)2水溶液为前驱物,尿素为沉淀剂,采用水热法在玻璃基片上制备了稀土离子掺杂的TiO2薄膜。以薄膜对紫外光吸收值为指标,考察了水热反应时间、镀膜次数、掺杂稀土离子的种类、掺杂量对紫外光吸收性能的影响,确定了掺杂薄膜最佳制备条件:在1.0mol/L尿素溶液中,温度为160℃,反应10h,镀膜两次,稀土最佳掺杂量为n(La)=0.9%或n(Eu)=1.1%(n为摩尔比),掺镧元素的效果好于掺铕元素。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所制备的TiO2薄膜的相结构及形貌进行了分析和表征,结果表明,所制备的薄膜均匀、致密、无可视缺陷。以甲基橙为光催化降解的探针化合物,探讨了TiO2薄膜光催化降解性能,结果表明,掺杂稀土离子的TiO2薄膜对光催化降解性能远优于未掺杂的TiO2薄膜。     

Ti4+掺杂纳米CeO2的制备及其抗紫外性能

以Ce(SO4)2.4H2O为主要材料,采用超声-沉淀法制备了掺杂Ti4+的纳米CeO2,并研究了掺杂Ti4+离子对CeO2的晶型和抗紫外性能的影响。用X-ray衍射、傅立叶红外光谱仪、紫外分光光度计、对其进行了表征。测试结果表明,CeO2晶型为面心立方,粒径范围15nm～25 nm,并且CeO2的红外吸收峰明显发生蓝移。当Ti/Ce摩尔比为0.4∶1时吸收性能最好,使CeO2的光谱响应范围变宽。单体CeO2的紫外屏蔽范围在250nm～350 nm,掺杂了Ti4+离子的CeO2的紫外屏蔽范围在220nm～450 nm。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2/硅藻土复合材料及其光催化性能

采用焙烧、酸洗等工艺预处理硅藻土，以改性硅藻土和钛酸丁酯为前驱体，采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO₂/硅藻土复合材料，采用XRD、SEM、FT-IR、TG等手段对其进行分析表征，以甲基橙为降解对象考察其光催化性能。结果表明：硅藻土表面均匀负载着锐钛矿型的二氧化钛，晶粒尺寸为35.76 nm。负载比2∶1、pH为>2～3、焙烧温度500℃制备的TiO₂/硅藻土复合材料的光催化性能最好，热稳定性良好。当TiO₂/硅藻土复合材料投入量为1 g/L,对60 mL(10 mg/L)的甲基橙溶液60 min内的降解率达到92%。     

YAlO3/SnO2-TiO2复合物的制备及降解有机污染物的应用

以实验室合成YAlO3/SnO2-TiO2复合物作为催化剂,以酸性红B溶液模拟有机污染水,并用扫描电镜对YAlO3/SnO2-TiO2进行表征,研究了处理温度、处理时间、照射时间及YAlO3/SnO2-TiO2对酸性红B降解率的影响,同时也对不同染料进行了研究。结果表明,在YAlO3/SnO2-TiO2催化剂作用下可见光降解酸性红B的效果明显优于单纯TiO2或SnO2催化时的效果。     

La掺杂SiO_2/TiO_2纳米粉体的制备及其光催化性能

采用并流中和法制备了La掺杂的SiO2包覆TiO2纳米粒子,利用X射线衍射(XRD),傅立叶交换红外光谱(FT-IR),透射电镜(TEM)及紫外可见光吸收(UV-Vis)光谱对掺杂改性前后样品进行表征。以紫外光照降解甲基橙为测试体系,研究了La掺杂量及煅烧温度对SiO2/TiO2光催化性能的影响,并对其作用机制做了初步的探讨。FT-IR表明在包覆层和纳米TiO2颗粒之间的界面上形成了Ti-O-Si和Ti-OLa键,从而抑制了金红石相的形成,提高了热稳定性,和XRD分析结果一致,掺杂了La的SiO2/TiO2在800℃时金红石相的含量仍然比较低,和120℃时的含量相当;TEM照片显示改性后的TiO2团聚减小,粒度均匀。UV-Vis光谱分析显示La掺杂SiO2/TiO2的光响应范围拓宽至可见光区,其中光吸收红移最大的样品为3.0%La掺杂量的SiO2/TiO2,带隙能(Eg)由原来的2.98 eV降为为2.41 eV。光催化性能实验结果显示当La的摩尔掺杂量为3.0%时,其光催化活性最好,光照20 min,与未掺杂改性的TiO2相比甲基橙的光降解率提高了55.1%;另外,未掺杂TiO2煅烧温度对光催化影响显著,当温度由120℃增加为800℃时,光照25 min的降解率就由69%降为10.7%,而掺La的SiO2/TiO2煅烧温度对其光催化性能影响不大。     

Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Methane over Ni/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3

Nickel catalysts supported on CeO2-ZrO2-CeO2,ZrO2-Al2O3 and Al2O3 were prepared and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction（XRD）,BET areas,H2 temperature-programmed reduction（H2-TPR）,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）.Through the test of catalytic partial oxidation of methane（CPOM）,Ni/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3 displayed the highest activity,which resulted from its largest BET area and best NiO dispersion.Furthermore,Ni/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3 maintained a long-time stability in CPOM,which was attributed to its best coking resistance among all the prepared catalysts.     

CaO--TiO2--Fe2O3三元系中Ca3TiFe2O8的生成机理

钒钛磁铁矿是烧结矿重要的原料之一,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈作为钒钛烧结矿中矿物被发现之后,其生成机理尚不明确.本文采用X射线衍射分析、元素能谱分析和TG-DSC分析相结合的方法,研究了Ca₃TiFe₂O₈的生成机理以及不同温度、CaO与TiO₂含量下Ca₃TiFe₂O₈的生成规律.实验结果表明,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈由Ca₂ Fe₂O₅和CaTiO₃反应生成,即CaO和Fe₂O₃反应生成Ca₂ Fe₂O₅;其后,与CaTiO₃反应生成Ca₃TiFe₂O₈.反应时间越长,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈的生成量越大,但反应温度对Ca₃TiFe₂O₈生成的影响并不明显.另外,还发现CaO含量越高,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈越易于生成,而且等摩尔Fe₂O₃和CaO下只要存在TiO₂,就会有Ca₃TiFe₂O₈生成.      

Effect of Fe2O3 Loading Amount on Catalytic Properties of Monolithic Fe2O3/Ce0.67Zr0.33O2 -Al2O3 Catalyst for Methane Combustion

Ce0.67Zr0.33O2-Al2O3 solid solution was prepared by the co-precipitation method. Fe2O3-based catalysts supported on the solid solution were obtained by the impregnation method. The article revealed that the optimal loading amount of Fe2O3 on Ce0.67Zr0.33 O2-Al2O3 in our experimental condition for catalytic combustion of methane was 8% （ mass fraction）. The prepared catalysts were characterized by BET, TPR, XRD analyses, and their catalytic activity was investigated after being calcined at 873 K and after being aged in water gas at 1273 K. When the loading amount of Fe203 was 8% （ mass fraction）, the catalyst held the highest activity, and the best temperature speciality and thermal stability. The complete-conversion temperature of methane for fresh and aged sample was 788 and 838 K, respectively. The range between the light-off temperature and the complete-conversion temperature was only 15 K. The characterization results of XRD indicated that Fe2O3 was well dispersed on the Ce0.67Zr0.33O2-Al2O3 matrix. The results of BET and TPR were in good harmony with the catalytic activity results.     

Superconducting Transition Temperature in YBa2Cu4O8/La2/3 Ca1/3 MnO3 / YBa2 Cu4O8 Heterostructure

YBa2Cu4O8/La2/3 Ca1/3 MnO3/YBa2Cu4O8 （ Y-124/LCMO/Y- 124） heterostructure was prepared by facing-target sputtering technique. The oscillatory superconducting transition temperature was observed when the thickness of LCMO d L is larger than critical thickness d L^CR. The metal-insulator transition temperature can only be detected at d L 〉 d L^CR. The dependence on the spacer layer in LCMO/Y-124 systems suggests strongly the interplay of ferromagnetic and superconducting couplings.     

SnCl2－HgCl2－K2Cr2O7容量法测定的矿石中TFe时HgCl2用量的选择

为了保持应用已久的有汞测铁经典方法中的许多优点而减轻HgCl2对环境的污染的缺点,对方法中HgCl2的用量由5m^[1]减少为2ml进行理论上的探讨,并以试验结果加以论证。     

Study on thermal expansion behavior of Dy2O3 - Al2O3 - SiO2 glass

Employing Dy2O3, Al2O3, and SiO2 as starting materials, several series of Dy2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 sealing glass were prepared. The relationship between their coefficients of thermal expansion and the contents of Dy2O3, Al2O3, and SiO2 were studied respectively. Experimental results showed that Dy2O3 and Al2O3 had a positive effect on the coefficient of thermal expansion of glass, whereas, SiO2 had a negative effect. The coefficient of thermal expansion of glass showed an apparent linear relation to the contents of these three raw materials, from which an estimation model was built, to calculate the coefficient of thermal expansion of sealing glass. Relative errors of the calculating results to testing results were no more than 2%, which suggested that the estimation model was reasonable. This study provides a good theory reference for the practical utilizing of this sealing material, through which a proper glass composition for good sealing could be easily found.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of A Bimetallic Terbium Complex Tb2 {μ-CH2 SiMe2 NC6 H3 ^iPr2 -2, 6}3 （THF）3

The reaction of 2, 6-^iPr2CbH3NHSiMe3 with Tb（CH2SiMe3）3（THF）2 in benzene at room temperature afforded a binuclear terbium complex Tb2 {μ-CH2 SiMe2 NC6 H3 ^iPr2 -2, 6}3（THF）3. X-ray diffraction revealed that Tb atoms were bridged by three methylene units. One Tb atom was six-coordinated by two nitrogen atoms, three methylene carbons, and one THF molecule, while the other Tb atom was six-coordinated by one nitrogen atom, three methylene carbons, and two THF molecules. Both Tb atoms adopted a distorted trigonal prism geometry.     

Promotional effect of CeO2 and Y2O3 on CuO/ZrO2 catalysts for methane combustion

Catalytic combustion of methane was conducted by using a Cu-based catalyst prepared by the plasma-assisted impregnation method. The properties of the catalysts were surveyed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR). The results showed that the activity of CuO/ZrO2 with the CeO2 and Y2O3 was obviously increased compared with the CuO/ZrO2 catalyst, which was examined in relation to the structure and surface characteristics and might be correlated with their surface oxygen species and redox properties. Among the investigated catalysts, the Ce-CuO/ZrO2 sample exhibited the highest activity for methane combustion.     

WSi2／MoSi2复合粉末材料的机械合金化合成

通过机械合金化和热处理工艺成功地制备了MoSi2 50%（摩尔分数x）WSi2复合粉末材料，利用X射线衍射手段分析了相的形成过程，并从热力学和球磨能量角度比较了MoSi2和WSi2相生成的难易程度。球磨40h后在高于1000℃热处理可获得（Mo,W)Si2合金；因G^0(MoSi2)＜G^0(WSi2),WSi2相较MoSi2难生成，其所需球磨能量分别为120．240kJ/g和30．060kJ/g。     

Effects of La2O3/Li2O/TiO2- Coating on Electrochemical Performance of LiCoO2 Cathode

Conventional cathode material （LiCoO2） was modified by coating with a thin layer of La2O3/Li2O/TiO2 for improving its performance for lithium ion battery. The morphology and structure of the modified cathode material was characterized by SEM, XRD, and Auger electron spectroscopy. The performance of the cells with the modified cathode material was examined, including the cycling stability, the diffusion coefficient under different voltages, and the C-rate discharge. The results showed that the cell composed of the coated cathode material discharged at a large current density, and possesses a stable cycle performance in the range from 3.0 to 4.4 V. It was explained that the rate of Li ion diffusion increased in the cell while using La2O3/Li2O/TiO2-coated LiCoO2 as the cathode and the coating layer may act as a faster ion conductor （La2O3/Li2O/TiO2）.