首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
    
Wake losses are a critical consideration in wind farm design. The ability to steer and deform wakes can result in increased wind farm power density and reduced energy costs and can be used to optimize wind farm designs. This study investigates the wake deflection of a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) experimentally, emphasizing the effect of different load distributions on the wake convection and mixing. A trailing vortex system responsible for the wake topology is hypothesized based on a simplified vorticity equation that describes the relationship between load distribution and its vortex generation; the proposed vorticity system and the resulting wake topology are experimentally validated in the wind tunnel via stereoscopic particle image velocimetry measurements of the flow field at several wake cross-sections. Variations in load distribution are accomplished by a set of fixed blade pitches. The experimental results not only validate the predicted vorticity system but also highlight the critical role of the streamwise vorticity component in the deflection and deformation of the wake, thus affecting the momentum and energy recoveries. The evaluation of the various loading cases demonstrates the significant effect of the wake deflection on the wind power available to a downwind turbine, even when the distance between the two turbines is only three diameters.  相似文献   

2.
大型化风力机存在塔筒与叶片的脱落涡相互诱导的现象,极大影响机组的安全运行。为探究两者涡激互扰特性,该文以NREL 5 MW风力机为研究对象,分别选取距离地面65、70、75和80 m高度的塔筒与叶片共存的二维截面,开展6、8、10、12与14 m/s风况下数值模拟,并与单塔筒工况计算结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明,叶片与塔筒的尾涡存在严重相互诱导干涉;与单塔筒绕流工况相比,塔筒特定点压力值增长了1.5倍,升力系数出现多个响应幅值且其最大约为单塔筒的6倍;塔筒与叶片尾涡出现相互合并且脱落频率一致,涡激作用增强;塔筒-叶片工况下的涡脱频率较单塔筒降低,更易与风力机低阶固有频率出现交叉,风力机极可能出现共振。  相似文献   

3.
针对大型风电场尾流评估问题,考虑大气边界层垂向动量输运和风电场内流动不均匀性,提出一种基于传统尾流模型和风电场边界层模型的耦合求解方法。采用Horns Rev风电场和青海锡铁山矿区风电场群实测数据对所提出的耦合方法进行验证,结果显示该方法可较为准确的评估大型风电场的场内、场间尾流效应,对大型风电场和集群化风电场开发具有重要理论和工程应用价值。  相似文献   

4.
    
This paper investigates a new method for transient simulation of flow through a wind turbine using an actuator technique. The aim, in the context of wind turbine wake simulation, is to develop an alternative to the widely used actuator disc model with an increased resolution and range of applications, for the same or less computational expense. In this new model, the actuator sector method, forces applied to the fluid are distributed azimuthally to maintain a continuous flow solution for increased time‐step intervals compared with the actuator line method. Actuator sector results are presented in comparison with actuator disc and actuator line models initially for a non‐dimensionalized turbine in laminar onset flow. Subsequent results are presented for a turbine operating in a turbulent atmospheric boundary layer. Results show significant increases in flow fidelity compared with actuator disc model results; this includes the resolution of diametric variation in rotor loading caused by horizontal or vertical wind shear and the helical vortex system shed from the turbine blade tips. Significant reductions in computational processing time were achieved with wake velocities and turbulence statistics comparable with actuator line model results. The actuator sector method offers an improved alternative to applications employing conventional actuator disc models, with little or no additional computational cost. This technique in conjunction with a Cartesian mesh‐based parallel flow solver leads to efficient simulation of turbines in atmospheric boundary layer flows. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

5.
    
In this work, the combination effects on wind turbine performances of wakes and terrain‐driven flow are investigated. The test case is a subcluster of four turbines from a wind farm sited in southern Italy in a very complex terrain. The layout, the inter‐turbine distance and the wind rose result in a challenging performance scenery. The subcluster is analyzed, when the wind blows from the west, through computational fluid dynamics numerical simulations and experimental supervisory control and data acquisition data mining. Two wind intensity regimes and several simulation setups are employed. It is shown that the main effect of the terrain is the northward distortion of the wake of the upstream turbine. This explains the non‐trivial yawing patterns of the cluster and the fact that the wake line affects the overall performances of the subcluster less than it would do in flat terrain. It is further shown that the presence of the rest of the subcluster in operation southward deviates the wake line of the upstream turbine. The dependency on wind intensity of these directional distortions allows to estimate the relative importance of wakes and terrain‐driven flow. A bijective feedback between models and data is established and a convincing framework is constructed, for separating and assessing the effect of the terrain and of the single and multiple wake. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

6.
风力机尾流对风电场的输出功率有着重要影响,为深入研究增设小风力机对风电场整体出力的影响,采用OpenFOAM模拟2个大风力机和2个大风力机之间横向布置的3个小风力机的组合,并以小风力机与下游大风力机之间距离不同的4种工况和其中1种工况下小风力机高度不同为研究对象。该布局在2个大风力机之间增加3个小风力机,每排小风力机与下游大风力机的距离不同。结果表明:经距离不同和高度不同的计算对比,当小风力机高度设置为37 m时,随着与上游大风力机距离的增大,下游大风力机功率逐渐增加;当小风力机距离下游大风力机位置固定,增加小风力机轮毂高度则使得下游大风力机功率降低。  相似文献   

7.
王天凡  施鎏鎏 《动力工程学报》2021,41(10):877-882,891
为研究剪切指数对风力机尾迹流动特性的影响,以NREL Phase VI型风力机为研究对象,采用SST k-ω湍流模型,在不同剪切指数下对风力机尾迹流场进行定常数值模拟。考察了不同来流剪切工况下,风力机尾迹流场中漩涡结构变化对速度和湍动能等流动参数的影响。结果表明:在剪切来流工况下尾迹流场呈现非对称性,尾迹流场向远离壁面的方向偏斜;随着剪切指数的增大,轮毂上方的中心涡强度增大,下方中心涡强度减弱;下方流体被大量卷吸进上方剪切层,形成高速条带;中心涡的不对称性造成尾迹流场湍动能增强,尾迹流场恢复减慢。  相似文献   

8.
为减小风电场尾流效应的影响,提升风电场整体发电量,提出一种基于偏航尾流模型的风电场功率协同优化方法。首先建立风电场偏航尾流模型,该模型包括用于计算单机组尾流速度分布的Jensen-Gaussian尾流模型、尾流偏转模型及多机组尾流叠加模型,对各机组风轮前来流风速进行求解;再根据来流风速计算风电场输出功率,并以风电场整体输出功率最大为优化目标,利用拟牛顿算法协同优化各机组轴向诱导因子和偏航角度。以4行4列方形布置的16台NREL-5 MW风电机组为对象进行仿真研究。结果表明,所提出的基于偏航尾流模型的风电场功率协同优化方法能显著提升风电场整体输出功率。  相似文献   

9.
为提高涡流发生器(VG)参数化模型计算精度,对参数化模型的应用方法进行研究。首先提出参数化模型在计算域作为源项而添加的位置和涡核半径取值方法。然后,采用考虑VG叶片间影响的最大涡环量算法,基于DU91-W2-250叶段,从不同VG间距、VG入流角、翼型攻角来比对参数化模型和实体模型的计算结果,来验证应用上述方法的可行性。结果表明:参数化模型、实体模型与试验数据吻合良好,证明了两种模拟方法精度较高;此外,在不同工况下,两种模型得到的速度矢量和边界层速度型都具有较高的一致性,证明参数化模拟方法有效,且在风力机叶片上具有普适性。  相似文献   

10.
魏歆蕊  黄铭枫 《太阳能学报》2022,43(10):202-209
在Frandsen非线性尾流半径假设的基础上,推导得出考虑环境湍流强度和风力机推力系数影响的Frandsen高斯修正尾流速度模型,并提出Frandsen双高斯湍流强度模型。以600 kW单风力机为案例,通过开展风洞试验和大涡模拟2种研究手段验证2个修正模型的预测效果。结果表明,Frandsen高斯修正尾流速度模型在径向尾流上预测效果更好,模型平均误差下降至7%,优于Frandsen速度模型。Frandsen双高斯湍流强度模型则能更好反映实际湍流强度在尾流场的变化特征。2种修正模型均比传统模型具有更好的预测效果,为风力机设计提供了新的尾流模型。  相似文献   

11.
偏航状态下风力机叶片与流场之间相互作用会导致风力机近尾迹流场的湍流特征变化,采用双向流固耦合对不同偏航工况下水平轴风力机近尾迹流场进行数值模拟研究,获得不同偏航角下尾迹湍流特征演化规律。结果表明:随着偏航角的增大,正偏航侧会出现“速度亏损圆环”,且此圆环的范围呈扩大趋势;偏航角的增大对叶根处速度亏损影响最大,对叶尖处速度亏损影响最小,与正偏航侧相比,负偏航侧的速度亏损值减为约1/2;随着偏航角的增大,正负偏航侧的湍流强度变化呈不对称性,正偏航侧对湍流耗散的影响程度较负偏航侧大;涡流黏度越来越小,且在偏航10°涡流黏度相对于偏航5°减小约1/2,沿着轴向叶尖涡的管状环涡结构变得不稳定,出现明显耗散,且在偏航15°之后涡结构的耗散破裂程度越来越剧烈,进而对风力机气动噪声产生较大影响。  相似文献   

12.
基于稀疏增强动力学模态分解(SPDMD)方法对风力机尾流大涡模拟(LES)结果开展降阶模型研究,并将分解结果与标准DMD方法进行比较。结果表明,动力学模态分解方法能提取尾流动态特征,揭示风力机尾流演化规律。标准DMD方法倾向于选择具有小尺度和高频率的模态,而SPDMD方法选择具有低频率的大尺度流动特征。相比于标准DMD方法,SPDMD方法在低维子空间上建立风力机非定常尾流场的降阶模型,以较少的模态数目重构和预测风力机尾流场,可提高计算效率。  相似文献   

13.
The flow inside a channel with surface mounted ribs is studied by numerical simulation and experimental flow visualization. Both the geometry with one rib and the geometry with two ribs, placed perpendicular to the flow, are studied, with particular emphasis on the effect of the variation of the distance between the ribs on the structure of the flow. Results show that, for Reynolds number flows of 400 and 1000 (based on the uniform incoming velocity and the height of the ribs), the flow reattaches between the ribs when they are separated by distances of 12h (h being the height of the ribs) and 6h, respectively. In this respect, however, the numerical results for the Reynolds number flow of 1000 are in contradiction with published results.  相似文献   

14.
    
Most large‐eddy simulation studies related to wind energy have been carried out either by using a fixed pressure gradient to ensure that mean wind direction is perpendicular to the wind turbine rotor disk or by forcing the flow with a geostrophic wind and timely readjusting the turbines' orientation. This has not allowed for the study of wind farm characteristics with a time‐varying wind vector. In this paper, a new time‐adaptive wind turbine model for the large‐eddy simulation framework is introduced. The new algorithm enables the wind turbines to dynamically realign with the incoming wind vector and self‐adjust the yaw orientation with the incoming wind vector similar to real wind turbines. The performance of the new model is tested first with a neutrally stratified atmospheric flow forced with a time‐varying geostrophic wind vector. A posteriori, the new model is used to further explore the interaction between a synthetic time‐changing thermal atmospheric boundary layer and an embedded wind farm. Results show that there is significant potential power to be harvested during the unstable time periods at the cost of designing wind turbines capable of adapting to the enhanced variance of these periods. Stable periods provide less power but are more constant over time with an enhanced lateral shear induced by an increased change in wind direction with height. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

15.
于永迪  陈榴  郑哲辉  戴韧 《太阳能学报》2022,43(10):210-217
在雷诺数Re=1.38×105时,采用实验测量对比研究NACA0018原始翼型以及带有格尼襟翼和齿形襟翼翼型的尾迹涡结构,对比锯齿襟翼与格尼襟翼的控制机理。结果表明,在小攻角下,锯齿襟翼较格尼襟翼大大降低尾迹速度亏损,但速度偏转小于格尼襟翼。通过Liutex分析发现气流经过锯齿襟翼后产生了对涡结构,与襟翼固有的流向涡掺混耗散,削弱由于流向涡引起的尾流不稳定性,从而减小翼型的阻力。对比齿形结构不同位置处的流动表明,在尾缘附近,速度偏转角从齿根,齿中到齿尖依次增加,对于远场的尾迹,3个截面的流动一致。  相似文献   

16.
涡流发生器(VG或VGs)经常作为被动式的流动控制措施用于风力机叶片内侧,以减轻流动分离对气动性能的影响。然而,对内侧大厚度和极大厚度翼型,VG流动的复杂性和强烈的非定常性给基于数值模拟的VG设计和性能评估带来很大的不确定性。本文基于某相对厚度40%的大厚度钝后缘风力机翼型,在西北工业大学NF-3低速翼型风洞开展了涡流发生器设计参数对大厚度翼型表面流动和气动性能影响的试验研究。通过对气动特性、特征参数和压力分布等的分析可看出,VGs有效地改善了目标翼型的流动分离,提高了翼型性能;在设计参数中,弦向安装位置和涡流发生器高度对性能影响最大。  相似文献   

17.
针对漂浮式海上风电机组接地系统所处的深海环境及特殊的系泊系统,综合考虑纵荡运动对入流风速和尾流区域膨胀的影响,基于二维BP工程尾流模型,提出一种三维尾流模型(3Dksg_BP),将该模型用于全尾流区域横向和垂向风速剖面的预测。预测结果与风洞实验数据对比发现,下游1.7D2.3D5.0D10.0DD为风轮直径)等位置的预测精度均不低于97.6%。基于3Dksg_BP,研究不同频率和振幅下的纵荡运动对尾流造成的影响,结果表明:纵荡运动对尾迹的影响随频率和振幅的增大而增大,且随着下游距离的增加,纵荡运动对尾迹的影响逐渐减小。  相似文献   

18.
为获得风力机近尾流风速在垂直方向和水平方向的变化规律,提出一种测量风力机近尾流区风速的实测方法。针对某沿海滩涂风电场,采用2台搭载风速仪的无人机对近尾流区进行测量。结果表明:垂直方向,尾流和来流风速比值在1.0D~2.5D处(D为风轮直径)随着高度的增加呈先减小后增大的趋势,在轮毂中轴线处存在最小值0.53~0.68;风速比值沿轮毂中轴线呈非对称分布。0.5D处风速比值分别在上下风轮处存在2个极小值0.56和0.50。水平方向,风速比值在1.0D~3.0D处沿径向距离从左向右呈先减小后增大的趋势,在轮毂中轴线处存在最小值(0.54~0.78);风速比值沿轮毂中轴线呈对称分布,随着风轮下游距离的增加呈扩张趋势。最后给出用于A类风场风力机下游尾流风速剖面的预测公式。  相似文献   

19.
    
Individual turbine location within a wind plant defines the flow characterisitcs experienced by a given turbine. Irregular turbine arrays and inflow misalignment can reduce plant efficiency by producing highly asymmetric wakes with enhanced downstream longevity. Changes in wake dynamics as a result of turbine position were quantified in a wind tunnel experiment. Scale model turbines with a rotor diameter of 20 cm and a hub height of 24 cm were placed in symmetric, asymmetric, and rotated configurations. Simultaneous hub height velocity measurements were recorded at 11 spanwise locations for three distances downstream of the turbine array under two inflow conditions. Wake interactions are described in terms of the time‐average streamwise velocity and turbulence intensity as well as the displacement, momentum, and energy thicknesses. The effects of wake merging on power generation are quantified, and the two‐point correlation is used to examine symmetry in the mean velocity between wakes. The results indicate that both asymmetric and rotated wind plant arrangements can produce long‐lasting wakes. At shallow angles, rotated configurations compound the effects of asymmetric arrangements and greatly increase downstream wake persistence.  相似文献   

20.
The wind turbines with a flanged-diffuser shroud -so called "wind lens turbine"- are developed as one of high performance wind turbines by Ohya et al. In order to investigate the flow characteristics and flow acceleration, the paper presents the flow velocity measurements of a long-type and a compact-type wind turbines with a flanged-diffuser shroud by particle image velocimetry. In the case of the long type wind turbine, the velocity vec- tors of the inner flow field of the diffuser for turbine blades rotating and no blades rotating are presented at Rey- nolds number, 0.9x105. Fur~thermore the flow fields between with and without rotating are compared. Through the PIV measurement results, one can realize that the turbine blades rotating affects as suppress the disturbance and the flow separation near the inner wall of the diffuser. The time average velocity vectors are made on the av- erage of the instantaneous velocity data. There are two large vortices in downstream region of the diffuser. One vortex behind the flange acts as suck in wind to the diffuser and raise the inlet flow velocity. Another large vortex appears in downstream. It might be act as blockage vortex of main flow. The large blockage vortex is not clear in the instantaneous velocity vectors, however it exists clearly in the time average flow field. The flow field around the wind turbine with a compact-type flanged-diffuser shroud is also investigated. The flow pattern behind the flange of the compact-type turbine is the same as the long-type one. It means that the effect of flow acceleration is caused by the unsteady vortices behind the flange. The comparison with CFD and PIV results of meridional time-average streamlines after the compact-type diffuser is also presented.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号