古尔伯特十六醇硫酸钠的合成与性能研究

以合成的古尔伯特十六醇(2-己基-癸醇)为原料,通过SO3硫酸化法合成了相应的古尔伯特十六醇硫酸钠(C16GS),提纯后活性物含量可达96.8%。最后对古尔伯特十六醇硫酸钠(C16GS)与十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的性能进行了对比研究,发现C16GS表面活性、润湿性能、乳化性能均强于SDS,发泡性能与SDS相似但泡沫稳定性差。与AEO9的复配显示,C16GS和AEO9复配溶液在对碳黑污布的去污中产生了协同作用。     

马来酸单酯型表面活性单体的合成及其性能

通过两步法合成了3种马来酸单酯型表面活性单体(SHE12、SHE16、SHE18),采用IR、1HNMR对产品及中间体结构进行了表征。通过表面活性和乳化性能测定,结果表明,3种单体的最低表面张力分别为27.5、30.5、37.2 mN/m;与普通表面活性剂SDS相比,其CMC值有较大程度的下降(1~2个数量级);随烷烃链长度增加,表面活性剂的lg CMC值接近线性下降;SHE16和SHE18的乳化性能明显优于SDS和SHE12。从黏度测定结果看,SHE12与丙烯酰胺的共聚物存在临界缔合质量浓度,增黏性能明显优于HPAM。     

季铵盐型Gemini表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

以十二胺、环氧氯丙烷、十二叔胺等为原料,无水乙醇为溶剂合成了季铵盐型Gemini表面活性剂,应用红外光谱表征其结构,并测定其熔程。考察了产物水溶液的表面活性,并计算出产品的饱和吸附量（Fmax）和单分子饱和吸附面积（Amin）。实验结果表明Gemini表面活性剂CMC为0．8mmol／L、γcmc为35．7mN／m、Amin为2．04nm^2,有较高的表面活性,与具有相同单尾基链的传统表面活性剂十二烷基三甲基氯化铵（DTAC）R十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）相比,其表面张力相当,但CMC分别比DTAC、SDS低约15、11倍,Amin分别比DTAC、SDS高约4倍。     

马来酸单酯型表面活性单体的合成及其性能研究

通过两步法合成了3种马来酸单酯型表面活性单体（SHE12、SHE16、SHE18）,采用IR、1HNMR对产品及中间体结构进行了表征。通过表面活性和乳化性能测定,结果表明三种单体的最低表面张力分别为27.5mN/m,30.5 mN/m,37.2 mN/m;与普通表面活性剂SDS相比,其cmc值有较大程度的下降（1~2个数量级）;随烷烃链长度增加,表面活性剂的lg cmc值接近线性下降;SHE16和SHE18的乳化性能明显优于SDS和SHE12。从粘度测定结果看,SHE12与丙烯酰胺的共聚物存在临界缔合浓度,增粘性能明显优于HPAM。     

脂肪酸双酯双磺酸盐型双子表面活性剂的合成及性能

以脂肪酸、二甘醇、氯磺酸为原料,经酯化、磺化反应制备了4种二甘醇双(α-磺酸钠)烷基羧酸酯表面活性剂。用红外光谱、元素分析对产物进行了表征,并对其表面活性和聚集行为进行了研究。结果表明,该类脂肪酸双酯双磺酸盐型双子表面活性剂比十二烷基硫酸钠的临界胶束浓度低1～2个数量级和更强的降低表面张力的能力。稳态荧光猝灭实验表明,表面活性剂胶束聚集数随着烷烃链碳原子数的增加而逐渐减小。     

茶皂素与十二烷基硫酸钠复配体系浮选去除废水中金属离子的研究

研究了非离子生物表面活性剂茶皂素(TS)和阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)复配体系的表面活性及无机盐的影响、浮选去除废水中铜离子的处理效果。结果表明,当TS与SDS的混合比例为0.2∶1~0.3∶1时,复配体系的表面张力和临界胶束浓度均降至最低,起泡性和稳泡性均比较稳定;无机盐主要对溶液中的SDS表面活性产生影响,茶皂素性质比较稳定,基本不受影响。采用TS∶SDS=0.25∶1的复配体系进行浮选,溶液中铜离子的去除效率可以达到92%。     

Solvothermal Synthesis of Mesoporous TiO2 Using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue

Mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO₂) photocatalysts were synthesized via a solvothermal method using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as templates. The effect of the SDS concentration and solution pH value on the resulting TiO₂ catalyst and its photocatalytic activity were studied. The photocatalytic activity was assessed by degradation methylene blue under low-power (8W?×?4) UV light irradiation. The best performance showed that over 95% of methylene blue was degraded in 120 min and in the presence of S20 (20 mmol SDS addition, pH?=?4). With the optimal addition of SDS, the crystal size was reduced, and the surface area was increased. In addition, some bidentate-sulfates (–SO₄^2?) residues were observed within the prepared mesoporous TiO₂. The Detail characterization of of the as-prepared TiO₂ samples were conducted by X-ray diffraction, Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively.

     

Adsorption and Aggregation Activity of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Rhamnolipid Mixture

Measurements of the surface tension, density and viscosity of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and rhamnolipid (RL) mixtures were carried out in aqueous solution. From the obtained results, composition of mixed surface layer at the water–air interface, mixed micelles, parameter of intermolecular interactions, activity of SDS and RL in the surface layer and micelles, Gibbs standard free energy of adsorption and micellization as well as Gibbs free energy of SDS and RL mixing in the surface layer and micelles were established. These parameters were discussed in the light of independent adsorption of SDS and RL and the size of their molecules as well as the area in contact with water molecules. A correlation between the number of water molecules in contact with those of SDS and RL and standard free energy of adsorption as well as micellization of these surfactants was observed. A correlation between the apparent and partial molar volumes of RL and SDS in their mixture and size of surfactant molecules as well as the average distance between molecules was also found. The parameter of intermolecular interactions indicates that there is a synergetic effect in the reduction of water surface tension and micelle formation.     

双模板剂合成Zr—MCM-41的结构表征及催化性能

以十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚（TX～100）为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为硅源,乙二胺为碱性介质,当n（TEOS）：n（Zr（NO3）4）：n（SDS）：n（H2NCH2CH2NH2）：n（H2O）=1：0．008：0．10：0．05：2．2：120合成Zr-MCM-41介孔分子筛,通过XRD、N2吸附脱附、NH3-TPD等方法对分子筛的晶体结构和表面物性进行了研究。结果表明,合成的分子筛具有典型的六方介孔结构特征,孔径分布较窄,具有较大的比表面积和较强的酸性,在乙氧基化催化反应中具有较高的催化活性。     

Synthesis of mesoporous calcium phosphate using hybrid templates

Mesostructured calcium phosphate was synthesized by means of the combination of a soluble metal salt with an aqueous phenylphosphonic acid solution containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Phenylphosphonic acid (PhP) was selected as the template to pattern the materials with pores generated by the formation of a lamellar calcium PhP phase. SDS was introduced to improve the thermal stability of the pore structure. The resulting materials were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXS), electron microscopes and BJH gas absorption method. With the aid of SDS, calcium phosphate materials with the surface area and pore volume as 72 m²/g and 569 cm³/g, respectively, were successfully developed at the SDS:PhP molar ratio of 0.3:1. It was found that the addition of SDS could effectively improve the thermal stability of the pore structure. A possible mechanism was proposed to interpret the formation procedure and the improved thermal stability of the mesoporous structure.     

温度对等摩尔CTAB-SDS复配体系表面张力及乳化性能的影响

测定了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB),十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)及它们等摩尔复配体系在不同温度下的表面张力及乳化性能。复配体系的γCMC从10℃的63.67 mN/m下降到90℃的36.38 mN/m,比相应单一体系的γCMC还略低,表现出高温下较高的表面活性。相应的单一体系的CMC值变化不明显,而CTAB-SDS体系的CMC却减少近一半。这些表面活性剂形成的乳液稳定性随温度升高而下降,与表面活性无关。90℃时复配体系的乳液分出10 mL水层的时间只需0.37 m in,使中和电荷加高温有可能成为一种较好的破乳方法,高温时等摩尔CTAB-SDS的高表面活性与所形成乳液的不稳定性使其有可能较好地应用于催化一些两相反应。     

分光光度法研究十二烷基硫酸钠的临界胶束浓度

在碘的水溶液和I<'-><,3>溶液2种体系中测定了十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的临界胶束浓度(CMC),并讨论了在I<'-><,3>体系中,不同硫酸钠和氯化钾2种盐对测定结果的影响,在碘的水溶液中研究了不同碘浓度对SDS的CMC的影响.采用分光光度法求得SDS在两种体系中的CMC值,硫酸钠与氯化钾对CMC的值有影响,且无...     

Physicochemical Properties of Novel Phosphobetaine Zwitterionic Surfactants and Mixed Systems with an Anionic Surfactant

A series of novel zwitterionic phosphobetaine (PPBT) surfactants were synthesized using long chain fatty alcohol, epichlorohydrin, dimethylamine and sodium dihydrogen phosphate as raw materials. The physicochemical properties of the phosphobetaine surfactants such as isoelectric point, foaming, surface tension, critical micelle concentration (CMC) and Krafft point were measured. Low CMC and surface tension values indicated the surface activities of the phosphobetaine surfactants were quite excellent. The CMC and surface tension values of PPBT/SDS mixed systems were determined. It was found both of CMC and surface tension values decreased compared with single surfactant system because of the association between dodecyl sulfate anions and cationic groups in phosphobetaine by electrostatic attraction.     

Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles prepared by a chemical reduction method

Silver nanoparticles were obtained by chemical reduction of silver nitrate in water with sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) in the presence of SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) as a stabilizer. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed from the appearance of surface plasmon absorption maxima at 400 nm by UV-vis. TEM showed the spherical nanoparticles with size in 10–20 nm. The antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles was tested by using Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coil (E. coli). The silver nanoparticles, whose bacterial activity was dependent on the aggregation degree between particles, exhibited bacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli.     

低成本大比表面积γ-Al2O3的制备

以廉价无机铝盐硫酸铝为原料,氨水为沉淀剂,十二烷基硫酸钠为添加剂,采用简单沉淀法制备得到较大比表面积γ-Al₂O₃。通过N₂低温物理吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、红外光谱、热重、元素分析、扫描及透射电镜等,研究制备过程中沉淀温度、溶液pH值和添加剂用量对产物γ-Al₂O₃及其前驱体的晶相结构、形貌织构等性质的影响。结果表明,在沉淀温度75 ℃、硫酸铝浓度0.25 mol·L^-1、溶液pH=9.0、老化时间12 h和n(十二烷基硫酸钠)∶n[Al₂(SO₄)₃]=0.375∶1条件下,所得前驱体(拟薄水铝石)经600 ℃焙烧后,可获得大比表面积(416.65 m²·g^-1)γ-Al₂O₃,并且样品中因十二烷基硫酸钠添加,引入的S及Na等杂质含量极少。     

Synthesis of Nanostructured Titania Templated by Anionic Surfactant in Acidic Conditions

Nanostructured titania was synthesized by hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) in HCl acidic conditions using sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) as the templating agent. The resultant SDS-titania composite solids were supposed to possess the lamellar nanostructure, which collapsed by calcination. The order of the nanostructure was improved with increasing the SDS/TTIP molar ratio. The nanostructure order also increased with the HCl/TTIP molar ratios, probably due to the enhanced attraction between the positively charged surfaces of titania clusters and the head groups of anionic surfactant. The calcined sample presented an advanced mesopore structure with uniform pore size and the surface area of ca. 200 m²/g, although the periodicity of the nanostructure was exceedingly reduced by the removal of the template. It is supposed that the mesopore structure did not result from the templated nanostructure, but was derived from the spaces between titania nano-sized particles closely arranged by the attraction with SDS molecular assemblies.     

Mesoporous Silica by Solution-Combustion Synthesis Followed by Etching

Mesoporous silica was synthesized through the solution-combustion process followed by etching with aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Combustion products were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, and BET analysis. After etching, the specific surface, mean pore size, and volume of porous space in silica increased up to 390 m²/g, 15 nm, and 1.6 cm³/g, respectively. The synthesized mesoporous silica exhibited good performance in the tests on elimination of methylene blue from aqueous solution.     

Simulation of dynamic behavior of surfactants on a hydrophobic surface using periodic-shell boundary molecular dynamics

The adsorption and aggregation behaviors of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on a hydrophobic graphite surface were examined using a novel molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with the periodic-shell boundary condition (PSBC). Differences in the adsorption behavior of SDS and CTAB molecules were clearly shown on the hydrophobic surface. Unexpectedly, the SDS molecules approached the graphite surface with their hydrophilic head groups. This unexpected approach mode was thought to be due to the aqueous layer on the graphite surface. The hydrophobic moiety of SDS molecules repeatedly adsorbed and desorbed on the graphite surface. In addition, SDS molecules kept moving on the graphite surface; thus, they did not form a stable adsorption layer. In contrast to SDS, the hydrophobic moiety of CTAB molecules approached the graphite surface at the primary step of adsorption. The hydrophobic moieties of CTAB molecules came close to each other, whereas the hydrophilic groups separated from one another. This result suggests that the CTAB molecules form molecular assemblies with a curved structure. The simulation results were consistent with the experimental observations. A clear difference between the adsorption behavior of SDS and CTAB molecules was revealed by MD simulations with PSBC.     

烷基三甲基溴化铵添加剂对十二烷基硫酸钠水溶液表面活性的影响

研究了烷基三甲基溴化铵（Ｃ１２ＴＡＢ或Ｃ１４ＴＡＢ）作为添加剂对十二烷基硫酸钠（ＳＤＳ）水溶液表面活性的影响。实验结果表明,复配体系胶束生成和表面张力降低效率的局部增效均发生在Ｃ１２ＴＡＢ或Ｃ１４ＴＡＢ加入量仅约为ＳＤＳ的１／１００（Ｘ１≈０．０１）时。对于以ＳＤＳ为主成分的二元复配应用体系,当要求具有较高胶束生成能力或较高表面张力降低能力时,以添加烷基链长对称匹配的Ｃ１２ＴＡＢ为好;若希望具有良好的表面张力降低效率,则应加入单组分表面活性较高的Ｃ１４ＴＡＢ。     

明胶-阿拉伯树胶电子墨水微胶囊表界面控制

以明胶-阿拉伯树胶为壁材,四氯乙烯为分散介质,硬脂酸改性的TiO2为显示颗粒,采用复合凝聚法制备了红白显示的电子墨水微胶囊。讨论了表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对复合凝聚相生成过程的影响,并分析了Span 80用量对微胶囊形貌的影响。结果表明,SDS与明胶间形成的复合凝聚相具有很高的表面活性。此外,Span 80体积分数为2.0%～3.0%时,制备的微胶囊囊壁光滑、均一,平均粒径约为60μm。制备的微胶囊在电场强度为2.5×106V/m时,具有良好的电场响应行为及可逆移动性。