表面活性剂在纳米氧化铝制备中的应用研究

回顾了近年来国内外对于表面活性剂在氧化铝制备过程中的应用研究现状,结合氧化铝制备中中间产物的研究成果,综述了阴离子、阳离子表面活性剂对纳米氧化铝颗粒大小、形貌以及孔结构等的控制作用.分析了吸附机理以及各种因素如表面活性剂物性、溶液pH值、离子强度等对吸附作用的影响.在此基础上探讨了表面活性剂在该领域的应用前景.     

电铸nano-Al2O3 / Cu 复合材料的组织与性能

采用复合电铸工艺, 在硫酸铜镀液中加入纳米氧化铝颗粒制备了纳米颗粒弥散增强铜基复合材料, 利用扫描电镜、电子透镜对复合材料的表面、拉伸断面和摩擦磨损表面的形貌以及微观组织进行了观察, 并对显微硬度、拉伸性能、磨损性能及电阻率进行了研究。结果显示, 氧化铝颗粒及其团聚体以纳米级尺寸弥散分布在铜基体中, 且与铜基体结合良好。复合材料的硬度最大增幅达42 %。氧化铝颗粒含量在1. 26 %时, 复合材料的拉伸强度和延伸率分别高达385 MPa 、26 %。相对电铸纯铜, 复合材料的耐磨性能明显提高, 而复合材料的电阻率最大增幅小于6 %。      

氧化铝粉体表面纳米化修饰及其在耐磨涂层中的应用

在低温条件(80℃)下,以钛酸丁酯为原料,利用胶溶–回流法在氧化铝粉体表面制备了纳米TiO2颗粒.通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射、X光电子能谱仪、BET等检测手段对复合颗粒的表面形貌、包覆层相组成、比表面积等进行了表征.结果表明,纳米TiO2颗粒在微粉表面形成纳米薄膜修饰层,包覆层主要为锐钛矿型相,表面纳米化修饰后氧化铝粉体表面的粗糙度显著增加,比表面积较包覆前提高了30倍以上.将经表面纳米化修饰后的微粉应用于以有机硅改性环氧树脂为基体的耐磨涂层中,其磨损失重仅为包覆前复合耐磨涂层的55%,耐磨性显著提高,并初步讨论了复合耐磨涂层的摩擦磨损性能.     

氧化铝形貌和粒径对环氧-聚酯纳米复合耐磨涂层性能的影响

分别采用纳米气相氧化铝(F-Al_2O_3,平均粒径13nm)和纳米球形氧化铝(Q-Al_2O_3,平均粒径100nm)与环氧-聚酯粉末涂料熔融挤出复合,经静电涂装的方式制备环氧-聚酯纳米复合耐磨涂层。在多功能摩擦实验机上对不同填充量的两种纳米氧化铝颗粒复合涂层进行耐磨性测试,采用电子扫描显微镜观察纳米氧化铝颗粒在涂层中的分散情况,采用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察磨损面的形貌,并对涂层的表面粗糙度、光泽度进行测量。结果表明:F-Al_2O_3两种氧化铝颗粒都可改善涂层的耐磨性能,在相同填充量的情况下,F-Al_2O_3复合涂层的比磨损速率都低于Q-Al_2O_3体系。F-Al_2O_3颗粒质量含量为10%时,磨损速率变为纯树酯涂层磨损量的1/3;Q-Al_2O_3颗粒质量含量为30%时,磨损速率变为纯环氧-聚酯涂层的1/52。两者的颗粒都增加了涂层的表面粗糙度,F-Al_2O_3对涂层表面光泽度无影响,Q-Al_2O_3含量越高,表面粗糙度提高,光泽度下降。     

表面包覆的纳米氧化锌制备及应用

采用在纳米氧化锌前驱体碱式碳酸锌表面进行原位包覆的方法,分别制备了表面包覆氧化铝和氧化铋的复合纳米氧化锌.表面包覆氧化铝可以有效降低纳米氧化锌的光催化活性;表面包覆氧化铋的纳米氧化锌可以提供均匀的氧化铋环境,有助于促进ZnO-Bi2O3压敏陶瓷的烧结.     

氧化铝纳米包覆制备松散铝酸盐发光体

实验研究了氧化铝纳米包覆技术对防止 SrAl_2O_4:Eu~(2 ),Dy~(3 )长余辉发光体颗粒烧结行为和对发光相含量的影响,并将其与传统固相混料法进行对比。研究表明:用铝醇盐在碳酸锶颗粒表面水解形成氧化铝纳米包覆层能防止烧结体形成,得到松散的晶粒状发光体;能提高发光相含量10%以上,使发光晶相总含量达99%以上。文中讨论了纳米包覆技术的制备过程、性能表征及防烧结机理。     

阳极氧化铝膜的制备和磁性纳米阵列

目的 为了获得一定的纳米孔排列结构。方法 采用了电化学阳极氧化法制备氧化铝纳米结构。可以得到具有不同参数的密集排列的六角形结构膜,其中的纳米孔具有高绘横比。结果 我们制备了阳极氧化铝膜,而后得到了Ｆｅ纳米阵列,从磁滞回线讨论了它的垂直磁化特性。结论 以阳极氧化铝膜为模板,在其中沉积磁性纳米颗粒,可以得到了磁性纳米阵列,它具备高的垂直磁化特性。     

Al2O3/Ni包裹粉体的制备、烧结行为及其显微结构研究

利用非均相沉淀包裹技术,在铝无机盐溶液中制备出氧化铝前驱体包裹纳米镍颗粒的复合粉体,并通过能量发射能谱（EDS）以及俄歇电子能谱（AES）研究包裹粉体的成分构成,发现镍纳米颗料表面均匀地包裹一层氧化铝的前驱体。燃烧后的包裹粉体在氩气氛中进行热压烧结。结果表明,与溶胶－凝胶法制备的粉体相比,包裹粉体可以在较低的温度下达到致密化,烧结后的材料其显微结构明显不同于环磨粉体烧成的材料,否认在氧化铝晶界或晶内,镍颗粒与氧化铝之间都有孔隙,这是由于镍的热膨胀系数与氧化铝的热膨胀系数大引起的,Al2O3/Ni复合材料的断裂方式以及沿晶断裂为主。     

纳米氧化铝颗粒增强TDE-85型环氧树脂的固化动力学和力学性能研究

用超声分散法和程序温度固化制备了纳米氧化铝颗粒增强TDE-85型环氧树脂复合材料,研究了添加纳米氧化铝颗粒对环氧树脂固化动力学和力学性能的影响.根据示差扫描量热法(DSC)曲线,由Kissinger方法和Ozawa方法计算了固化体系固化反应的活化能,用Kissinger公式计算了Arrhenius指前因子,并用Crane方法计算了固化体系的反应级数.研究结果表明,添加纳米氧化铝颗粒增加了体系固化反应的活化能,但对反应级数和Arrhenius指前因子的影响较小;当纳米氧化铝添加量为1wt%(环氧树脂的质量分数)时,复合树脂的拉伸强度提高19%;伸长率提高34.5%.     

ZnO/Al2O3复合纳米颗粒的制备与表征

以硫酸锌和氢氧化钠为原料,采用直接沉淀法制备了纳米氧化锌,并用硫酸铝水解生成的三氧化铝对钠米氧化锌进行了表面改性,并采用IR、TEM、SEM、XRD等手段对改性前后的粉体进行表征研究.TEM和SEM分析结果表明,改性后粉体颗粒的粒径小、团聚现象减轻.此外,进行了粉体的光催化降解甲基橙的实验研究.实验结果表明,改性后ZnO粉体的光催化活性明显下降,这进一步证明了纳米氧化锌颗粒表面存在三氧化二铝的包覆层.     

Plasma spraying of stainless-steel particles coated with an alumina shell

The effect of an alumina coating, obtained by mechanofusion, on stainless-steel particles used in plasma spraying has been studied by examining sprayed particles in mid-flight and their resulting splats and coatings. The mean size of the injected powders is about 65 μm and the thickness of the alumina shell 4 μm. The results show that without preheating the substrate the splats of both types of powder are extensively fingered and become circular when the substrate surface is preheated over 200°C. For the case of the stainless steel/alumina composite splats, Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the distribution of the various elements shows that the alumina is either spread exactly on the stainless-steel splat or is dispersed in pieces and frozen over the surface of the stainless-steel splat. The first case corresponds to well molten particles where, after their flight in the plasma jet, all the alumina shell has flowed to the tail of the particle; the second case is related to particles which have still an alumina shell uniformly distributed around the stainless-steel core. Finally, a composite stainless steel/alumina coating sprayed on a rough (R_a 6.7±0.3 μm) stainless-steel substrate preheated to 400°C is compared with a pure stainless-steel coating. Both hardness and cohesion are found to improve for the alumina-coated particles.     

真空烧结对纳米铜粒子性能的影响

用TEM、XRD等方法研究了蒸发法制备的纳米铜粒子真空烧结后粒子尺寸及晶相的变化。将烧结处理后的铜粒子负载于低温氧化铝上,考察了对CO氧化反应的催化活性。结果表明,随处理温度的增加,纳米铜粒子烧结程度增加,尺寸变大,催化活性下降,晶相也由Cu、CuO变为Cu2O。     

氧化铝颗粒的表面改性及其在C平面(0001)蓝宝石衬底上的化学机械抛光(CMP)性质

为了提高氧化铝颗粒的CMP性能, 本工作探索了一种合适的改性方法。同时, 为了改善其化学机械性能, 通过与其表面羟基的硅烷化化学反应和与Al和仲胺的络合两种作用, 用N-(2-氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷表面改性氧化铝颗粒。本工作给出了化学反应机理, 即N-(2-氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷接枝到氧化铝表面。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征了改性氧化铝颗粒的组成和结构。结果表明: N-(2-氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷已被成功地接枝到氧化铝颗粒的表面, 导致改性比未改性的氧化铝颗粒具有更好的化学和机械性能。测试了未改性和改性的氧化铝颗粒在蓝宝石基底上的CMP性能。结果显示: 改性氧化铝颗粒比未改性氧化铝颗粒有更高的材料去除速率和更好的表面质量。即, 改性氧化铝颗粒在pH=10时比未改性氧化铝颗粒在pH=13.00时表现出更高的材料去除率, 这将为减少设备腐蚀提供新思路。     

超细粒子氧化铝的制备

本文讨论了用超临界流体干燥混凝胶制备氧化铝超细粒子的影响因素；一类为超临界流体的影响因素．其甲温度和压力具有明显的影响，有一较台适的超临界温度达最大比表面积；但超临界压力越低，比表面积越大。加热速率几乎没有影响。另一类为制备混凝胶的影响因素，包括水解温度、加水比例．异丙醇铝固体浓度等均有一最佳制备条件。     

Dispersion effect and auto-reconditioning performance of nanometer WS<Subscript>2</Subscript> particles in green lubricant

This paper reported on dispersion effect and dispersing techniques of nanometer WS₂ particles in the green lubricant concocted by us. And it also researched on auto-reconditioning performance of nanometer WS₂ particles to the abrasive surfaces of steel ball from four-ball tribology test and piston ring from engine lubrication test. The treated and untreated nanometer WS₂ particles were analysed by infrared spectrum. And the elementary component and interior elementary distribution of abrasive surface repaired by nanometer WS₂ particles were analysed by multifunction electron spectrometer. The results showed that the combinative method of ultrasonic dispersion, mechanical agitation and surface modification could improve the dispersion uniformity and stability of nanometer WS₂ particles in the green lubricant effectively. And the optimal ratio of the mass between surface modifier and nanometer WS₂ particles was 1: 2.5, the optimal treating time was 5 h. And IR analysis indicated that surface modifier could react with hydroxide radicals on surfaces of WS₂ particles and modify the surfaces, and the long lipophilic groups on surfaces of nanometer WS₂ particles could stretch in oil adequately and form steric hindrance layers between particles which prevented particles from conglomerating and depositing. In addition, tribological tests and surface analysis indicated that there were WS₂ adsorption film and reaction film on abrasive surfaces during the tribological tests, which could fill and level up the furrows on abrasive surfaces. As a result, the abrasive surfaces were repaired effectively by nanometer WS₂ particles.     

均匀沉淀法制备纳米氧化锌的研究

以硝酸锌、尿素为原料, 采用均匀沉淀法制备纳米氧化锌粉末. 以TEM和BET等方法对产物进行了表征, 发现可获得50nm左右的纳米氧化锌, 粒子 的比表面积为25.6m²/g; XRD分析表明, 产物为六方晶系; 通过XRD、IR和TG-DSC分析, 确定了纳米氧化锌的形成机理.     

Dry Comminution of Silicon Carbide Particles in a Fluidized Bed Opposed Jet Mill: Kinetics of Batch Grinding

This study investigated the batch grinding kinetics of silicon carbide (SiC) particles in a fluidized bed opposed jet mill by population balance modeling. The selection and breakage functions were obtained by the first Kapur function method. The breakage behaviors for various SiC particles obtained under different experimental conditions (such as inlet air pressure, feed load, and distance between nozzle outlet and jet meeting point) in the jet mill were discussed. In addition, a polynomial model was proposed to predict the relation between the Kapur function and the particle size in the jet mill. The product size distributions obtained under various operating conditions from the jet mill could be simulated by modeling.     

微波等离子体射流处理有机废气回收纳米碳粉

在自行设计的常压微波等离子体射流装置上进行了丙酮模拟的有机工业废气的分解处理实验,利用Raman光谱、XRD、HRTEM和EDAX对回收到的样品成分、结构和形貌进行了分析。实验结果表明,有机废气在常压等离子体射流的作用下分解为单质碳和无害气态产物。单质碳的主要成分为纳米片状石墨以及碳包覆纳米铜颗粒。该技术可用于有机工业废气的分解处理和特殊纳米材料的制备     

高活性纳米金属铝的研究进展

综述了高活性金属粉,特别是高活性纳米铝粉的研究进展。详述了纳米铝粉的粒径对其熔点、表面氧化层厚度、氧化起始温度以及纳米铝粉的点火燃烧特性的影响,分析了高活性纳米金属铝目前存在的问题,指出了今后高活性纳米金属铝的研究方向。     

Investigation of sliding wear surfaces in alumina using transmission electron microscopy

In this study, the subsurface microstructure of alumina wear surfaces and the microstructure of agglomerated debris generated from unlubricated sliding wear at room temperature have been investigated through transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Specimens were thinned through the use of a focused ion beam miller (FIB). TEM studies, including analysis of electron diffraction patterns from the agglomerated region of the specimen, revealed the presence of an aggregate of nano crystalline particles embedded in an amorphous phase, together with some larger alumina particles. These larger alumina particles appear at the base of pits in the alumina surface, whereas the finer material appears at the contact surface. The agglomerated debris was readily distinguished from the alumina substrate, which contained localised dislocation damage and microcracking. It is proposed that the wear process involves the removal of ‘large’ alumina particles from the surface by a combination of trans- and intergranular microcracking. These particles are then ground into very fine, nanometer-sized particles that react on the surface with moisture in the air to form an amorphous hydroxide film. These are then compacted to form a nanocrystalline structure within an amorphous matrix that may also be viewed as a grain boundary phase.