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钻孔法测量残余应力时,由于切削力的作用,会在孔口附近产生加工硬化层。硬化层内材料的特性会发生明显变化,从而影响残余应力的释放。通过增大孔口附近区域材料的弹性模量的方式,将硬化层简化为一个异质圆环,利用弹性力学方法求得了无限大板在双向均布载荷作用下钻孔后的释放应力的解析解。应用有限元软件MSC/Patran & Nastran,对304不锈钢板在二向应力状态下的释放应力进行了数值计算,并与文中的解析解进行了比较。结果表明,将硬化层简化为异质圆环的分析模型是有效的,文中推导的解析解是正确的,钻孔法测量残余应力时考虑硬化层的影响会有助于提高测量精度。 相似文献
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采用切条应力释放法测量了钛合金TC4薄板常规钨极氩弧焊(GTAW)和动态控制低应力无变形GTAW对接试件中的纵向残余应力和纵向残余塑性应变的分布。测量结果表明,钛合金常规GTAW缝中残余拉应力峰值小于其母材屈服强度,焊缝附近存在残余压缩塑性应变;动态控制低应力无变形GTAW焊技术中热沉的冷却作用使得热源与热沉之间的高温金属承受强烈的拉伸作用,产生拉伸塑性变形,部分抵消了焊接过程中已产生的缩短的塑性变形,使得试件中纵向残余塑性应变减小,焊接残余拉应力峰值降低,残余压应力水平降低。切条应力释放法是一种简便有效的薄板焊后残余应力测量方法,能够满足工程应用的精度要求。 相似文献
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钻孔法理论体系完备,是目前最常用的残余应力测量方法,但试验参数的选择会直接影响测量结果的准确性。文中结合理论与试验研究了钻孔法测量时的贴片时间、应变取值时间对其误差的影响。首先建立了有限元模型,采用顺序热力耦合的方法计算了残余应力的分布情况,进而选取了3条残余应力水平不同的测试路径,采用钻孔法测试3条路径下不同贴片时间、应变取值时间的残余应力结果,并对结果进行回归分析,得到误差和2种因素间的数学关系。结果表明,在同等条件下,通过控制贴片时间tp,误差控制效果更优,当误差在10%以内时,贴片时间tp选取50.31 min,应变取值时间te选取24.12 min,为该误差下的最优时间参数。文中所用方法和结论,可为地铁枕梁等大型构件及相似结构的钻孔法焊接残余应力测量提供优化方法、思路,在保证测量精度的同时大幅提高试验效率。 相似文献
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本文介绍了用钻孔应变计法测定金属焊接接头的残余应力的测量方法。用此方法我们测定了核电站反应堆压力容器径向支承块镍基合金焊接接头和核电站蒸发器管板镍基合金焊接接头的残余应力。测得的结果和存在的问题也在文中给出。 相似文献
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激光快速成形过程中残余应力分布的实验研究 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
以基材为1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢,熔覆材料为Ni20自熔合金粉末,采用激光快速成形制取试件,并用小孔法对成形试件中残余应力的分布特性进行了实验研究。结果表明,成形试件中的残余应力整体水平较低,属于低残余应力。靠近基材处熔覆金属承受1个与光束扫描方向平行的压应力,随着熔覆层数的增加,压应力值逐渐减小并转变为拉伸应力,同时应力值呈增加趋势,与此相比,与光束扫描方向垂直的应力值相对较小。 相似文献
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In this study,residual stresses in heat treated specimen were measured by using ESPI(Electronic Speckle-Pattern Interferometry)combined with the hole-drilling method.The specimen,made of SUS 304austenitic stainless steel,was quenched and water cooled to room temperature.Numerical simulation using a hybrid FDM/FEM package was also carried out to simulate the heat treatment process.As a result,the thermal stress fields were obtained from both the experiment and the numerical simulation.By comparision of stress fields,results from the experimental method and numerical simulation well agreed to each other,therefore,it is proved that the presented experimental method is applicable and reliable for heat treatment induced residual stress measurement. 相似文献
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R. Gadow M. J. Riegert-Escribano M. Buchmann 《Journal of Thermal Spray Technology》2005,14(1):100-108
Residual stresses are related to the thermophysical properties of substrate and coating materials and occur after the coated
component has undergone thermal spraying and machining processes. All residual stresses in layer composites result from different
individual stress mechanisms occurring during the manufacturing process, mainly based on heat and mass transfer during the
coating deposition. Using the hole-milling-and-drilling method, residual stress fields can be measured in a quasi-nondestructive
way over the drilling depth with appropriate resolution. In several drilling and milling operations, a cylindrically shaped
hole is brought step by step into the component surface. The residual stresses are locally relieved due to material removal,
deform the surface around the drilled microhole, and are measured by high-resolution measurement tools (e.g., strain gages
(DMS)), for every drilling step in the form of relaxed surface strains. Using calibration curves and material data (E, μ), the measured surface strains are converted into nominal strains at the bottom of the drilled hole for every drilling
step. Out of the differentiated strains, in-plane stress fields can be incrementally determined by Hooke’s law. This study
describes residual stress measurement features, the finite-element method (FEM) calculation, and the idealization of calibration
curves, as well as the results of exemplary stress measurements.
The original version of this article was published as part of the ASM Proceedings, Thermal Spray 2003: Advancing the Science and Applying the Technology, International Thermal Spray Conference (Orlando, FL), May 5–8, 2003, Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau, Ed., ASM International,
2003. 相似文献
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经典的观点认为焊缝存在残余压缩塑性应变,而目前有学者认为焊缝是在冷却的过程中形成的,与加热过程无关,认为焊缝只存在拉伸塑性应变,而不存在压缩塑性应变.针对这一对传统残余塑变理论的质疑,采用有限元方法对薄板熔焊对接接头纵向应力和应变的瞬态变化以及由焊缝中心到母材边缘的纵向应力和应变分布情况进行了计算.结果表明,焊缝及近缝区存在着残余压缩塑性应变,应力状态为拉应力,由焊缝中心到母材边缘其纵向应力由拉应力转变为压应力,纵向压缩塑性变形量逐渐下降,离焊缝较远受温度场影响较小的母材不产生塑性变形. 相似文献
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