膦酸缓蚀剂的合成及其缓蚀性能研究

合成了7种膦酸缓蚀剂。用失重法考察了膦酸浓度及溶液pH值对缓蚀性能的影响,分析了膦酸分子结构与缓蚀性能的关系。通过钢铁表面形态及膜成分分析,证明膦酸是一种吸附型缓蚀剂,在金属表面形成一层致密的憎水保护膜,使腐蚀反应得到抑制。     

钼酸盐复合缓蚀剂对海水中碳钢的缓蚀作用

采用失重法、极化曲线法和表面分析技术对钼酸盐复合缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能进行了研究,并通过试验确定了与钼酸盐有较好协同缓蚀效应的缓蚀剂配方。结果表明,单一钼酸盐对海水中碳钢的缓蚀率随着钼酸盐浓度的增加而增加,但钼酸盐浓度低于30 mg/L时存在加速碳钢腐蚀的情况。当钼酸盐为40 mg/L、有机膦酸盐(HEDP)为10 mg/L、Zn2 为4 mg/L、葡萄糖酸盐为50 mg/L时,该缓蚀剂对海水中碳钢的缓蚀率超过90%。钼酸盐复合缓蚀剂为阳极型缓蚀剂,海水中添加了缓蚀剂后碳钢试片表面形成了以氧化铁为主要成分,同时含有钼和磷的混合型沉淀膜。     

柠檬酸铈在氯化钠溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀作用

采用极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱和表面分析方法研究了氯化铈(Ⅲ)、硝酸铈(Ⅲ)和柠檬酸铈(Ⅲ)在3.5%氯化钠溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀作用.结果表明,氯化铈、硝酸铈和柠檬酸铈均能有效抑制碳钢在氯化钠溶液中的腐蚀,呈现阴极型缓蚀剂的特征;其中柠檬酸铈对碳钢腐蚀的抑制作用明显优于无机铈盐,且具有"临界值"效应;柠檬酸铈作缓蚀剂时,在碳钢表面形成的保护膜均匀致密,其中含有Ce、Fe、O、C等元素.     

一种咪唑烷硫酮衍生物的缓蚀性能

以硫脲、二乙烯三胺和有机羧酸为原料制备一种咪唑烷硫酮衍生物缓蚀剂(CI-R缓蚀剂),采用失重法、极化曲线法、扫描电镜(SEM)观察等方法,研究了缓蚀剂CI-R在85℃、500μg/g HCl+1%NH4Cl(质量分数,下同)溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀作用及其吸附模型。结果表明:缓蚀剂CI-R是一种混合型缓蚀剂,对试验溶液中的碳钢具有良好的缓蚀作用,加入量为20μg/g时,缓蚀率可达90.9%;其在碳钢表面的吸附遵循Langmuir吸附等温式,通过在碳钢表面形成一层致密的保护膜,阻碍腐蚀介质与金属基体的接触,抑制了金属的腐蚀。     

pH值对碳钢在高含硫油田水中腐蚀行为的影响

采用电化学测试方法和动态腐蚀失重实验并结合扫描电镜和能谱分析, 研究不同pH值下J55钢在高含硫油田水中的腐蚀行为。结果表明, 随着溶液pH值升高, J55钢阴极去极化作用减弱, 腐蚀速率下降。当pH值在5.6~7.2时, 腐蚀产物主要是疏松且易脱落的粗晶粒四方硫铁矿FeS_1-x, 无法在碳钢表面形成保护膜, 形成大量腐蚀坑, 使碳钢表面腐蚀较严重;当pH值在8.7~11.0时, 腐蚀产物主要是氧化铁, 在碳钢表面形成了致密的保护膜, 阳极有明显的钝化现象, 碳钢表面腐蚀轻微。     

一种新型YWY有机膦缓蚀剂

研制了一种新型YWY有机膦缓蚀剂,应用重量法、电化学方法及扫描电镜等手段对合成的有机膦缓蚀剂YWY在苦咸水条件下的缓蚀性能及其缓蚀机理进行了研究。实验表明,该缓蚀剂可与碳钢表面螯合形成致密的覆盖膜,表现出明显的阴极型缓蚀剂特征。在缓蚀剂浓度大于12mg／L时,可使氯离子浓度大于30000mg／L的苦咸水／碳钢体系腐蚀速率降至0．03mm／a以下,达到国家耐蚀级标准。     

含菌介质中MDOPD对SRB菌及生物膜腐蚀的抑制作用

用动电位扫描极化曲线、原子力显微镜和电子探针等方法研究了SRB生物膜在培养基介质中对于含咪唑杂环的双季铵盐化合物MDOPD的敏感性．结果表明：含菌介质中，MDOPD吸附在电极表面，形成完整致密的有机保护膜，对电极的腐蚀反应具有良好的抑制作用，SRB的代谢及腐蚀产物也难以在电极表面直接吸附和沉积，从而降低了SRB生长代谢的次生过程（包括酸浸蚀等）对腐蚀的促进作用；同时也降低了介质中的SRB参与碳钢腐蚀的机会．     

AI对Sn-Zn钎料耐腐蚀及高温抗氧化性的影响

采用浸蚀失重法、动电位极化法和热重分析法(TGA)分别研究了Al对Sn-9Zn-Al在3.5%NaCI水溶液中耐腐蚀性能和高温抗氧化性能的影响.结果表明,随着Al含量的增加,Sn-9Zn-Al的腐蚀速率增大,腐蚀电位降低,耐腐蚀性能下降.试样腐蚀后的表面形貌SEM和EDS分析表明,Sn-9zn-Al钎料中Zn和Al被选择性腐蚀,腐蚀产物主要为Zn和AJ的氢氧化物,随着Al元素含量的增加,腐蚀产物镲增多,但不致密,不能形成钝化膜.热重分析试验表明,添加微量的Al可在熔融钎料表面形成一层致密的保护膜.从而大大改善钎料的高温抗氧化性能.     

船舶用碳钢表面镀Zn及其耐蚀性

为了提高船舶舱内碳钢制品的使用寿命，以20#碳钢 为例对其表面采用无氨、无氰溶液镀Zn以及钝化处理.研究了镀Zn试样在中性盐雾以及含有 机物质气氛中的耐蚀性能.结果表明：有机物质气氛是造成船舶舱内碳钢制品腐蚀的主要 原因，而无氨、无氰溶液进行镀Zn能在很大程度上解决碳钢表面的电化学腐蚀问题.     

Al对Sn-Zn钎料耐腐蚀及高温抗氧化性的影响

采用浸蚀失重法、动电位极化法和热重分析法（TGA）分别研究了Al对Sn-9Zn-Al在3．5％NaCl水溶液中耐腐蚀性能和高温抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明,随着Al含量的增加,Sn-9Zn-Al的腐蚀速率增大。腐蚀电位降低,耐腐蚀性能下降。试样腐蚀后的表面形貌SEM和EDS分析表明,Sn-9Zn-Al钎料中Zn和Al被选择性腐蚀,腐蚀产物主要为Zn和Al的氢氧化物,随着Al元素含量的增加,腐蚀产物增多,但不致密,不能形成钝化膜。热重分析试验表明,添加微量的Al可在熔融钎料表面形成一层致密的保护膜。从而大大改善钎料的高温抗氧化性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。