磁性生物活性陶瓷的制备

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备前驱体,经高温烧结制备出磁性生物活性陶瓷。利用体外实验方法,结合X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和红外光谱分析了材料结构、晶相和生物活性。结果显示,溶胶-凝胶法可制备出微细的非晶态前驱体粉末,经1 050℃烧结的玻璃陶瓷主晶相为β-硅灰石和铁酸钴、磷硅灰石。陶瓷粉末平均粒径为300 nm。烧结的材料在模拟人体血浆浓度的模拟体液中浸泡7 d,在材料表面可生成大量磷灰石,显示出较好的生物活性。     

磷灰石/硅灰石生物玻璃基骨水泥的溶-凝胶法制备及性能

为了获得高性能的玻璃摹骨水泥,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了磷灰石/硅灰石(apatite/wollastonite,AW)生物玻璃,将其作为固相粉末与柠檬酸固化液均匀混合制得了AW玻璃基骨水泥(glass-based bone cement,GBC),探讨了溶胶-凝胶法制备的AW生物玻璃作为GBC固相粉末的可能性.用X射线衍射、红外光谱和强度测试仪对不同温度热处理的AW生物玻璃粉末的晶相转变以及骨水泥在人体模拟体液中浸泡不同时间后的晶相组成和抗压强度进行了研究.结果表明:AW生物玻璃粉末经700℃热处理后形成了硅灰石和羟基磷灰石晶相,且温度越高晶相越完整;以900℃热处理后的AW生物玻璃粉末作为固相所制备的GBC随着浸泡时间的增加,骨水泥固化体中生成了更多量的CaC03晶体及少量的羟基磷灰石晶体,且此种GBC的抗压强度最大.     

磷灰石/硅灰石生物玻璃基骨水泥的溶胶-凝胶法制备及性能

为了获得高性能的玻璃基骨水泥,采用溶胶–凝胶法制备了磷灰石/硅灰石（apatite/wollastonite,AW）生物玻璃,将其作为固相粉末与柠檬酸固化液均匀混合制得了AW玻璃基骨水泥（glass-based bone cement,GBC）,探讨了溶胶–凝胶法制备的AW生物玻璃作为GBC固相粉末的可能性。用X射线衍射、红外光谱和强度测试仪对不同温度热处理的AW生物玻璃粉末的晶相转变以及骨水泥在人体模拟体液中浸泡不同时间后的晶相组成和抗压强度进行了研究。结果表明：AW生物玻璃粉末经700℃热处理后形成了硅灰石和羟基磷灰石晶相,且温度越高晶相越完整;以900℃热处理后的AW生物玻璃粉末作为固相所制备的GBC随着浸泡时间的增加,骨水泥固化体中生成了更多量的CaCO3晶体及少量的羟基磷灰石晶体,且此种GBC的抗压强度最大。     

流延法制备高致密固态电解质LATP的研究

采用溶胶凝胶法合成了超细固态电解质Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3(LATP)前驱体粉体,通过配制浆料和流延工艺制备了加工性能良好的LATP素坯体。利用差示扫描量热分析了LATP前驱体的热分解过程,采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、交流阻抗法对不同烧结工艺条件下LATP玻璃-陶瓷片的结构、形貌和电导率进行分析表征。结果表明,采用溶胶凝胶法制备的LATP前驱体粉体的平均粒径为200 nm,且分布均匀。纳米级的粒径尺寸使得LATP前驱体粉末在烧结过程中具有更好的反应活性,结晶温度比固相烧结法制备的LATP下降了150℃,烧结性能好。通过优化烧结工艺,制备的LATP玻璃陶瓷体的相对密度高达99%,室温电导率为2.19×10-4S·cm-1。     

磷灰石-硅灰石型生物玻璃粉体制备工艺的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备磷灰石-硅灰石（AW）生物玻璃粉体,研究了加料方式、反应温度、pH对凝胶特性的影响。通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、红外谱图分析（FT-IR）和扫描电镜（SEM）分析测试方法对产品的晶相组成及微观结构进行了分析。结果表明：凝胶形成的最佳工艺条件是加料方式为先让正硅酸乙酯乙醇溶液在硝酸催化作用下水解30 min后加入磷酸三乙酯,再以硝酸盐形式引入钙、镁元素,以氟化氢铵形式引入氟元素;反应温度为25 ℃;pH为1～2。烧结后的样品中主晶相为磷灰石和硅灰石,且颗粒大小均匀,形状规整,无明显团聚现象,孔结构规整,孔隙率为35%~40%。     

反应析晶烧结法制备硅灰石玻璃陶瓷

本文提出了一种直接利用废玻璃制备硅灰石玻璃陶瓷的新工艺:反应析晶烧结法。将高岭土和碳酸钙为主要原料合成的析晶促进剂加入到废玻璃粉末中烧结,通过两者间的反应析出硅灰石。研究了析晶促进剂含量和烧结温度对硅灰石玻璃陶瓷的组织、烧结和性能的影响,结果表明:随着析晶促进剂含量的增加,玻璃陶瓷的体密度和开孔隙率增加,强度先增后降。提高烧结温度促进反应析晶,并导致玻璃陶瓷的体密度、开孔隙率和强度降低。析晶促进剂含量为15%,烧结温度为850℃时,制得的硅灰石玻璃陶瓷的力学性能最佳。     

微波烧结工艺制备纳米羟基磷灰石陶瓷

采用微波烧结法对分别以沉淀法和溶胶凝胶法制备技术的羟基磷灰石(HAP)进行烧结,获得了高强度且晶粒可控的HAP陶瓷。利用X射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜、电子万能材料试验机对样品的相组成、微观形貌和力学性能进行了表征。结果表明:以溶胶凝胶法所制备的HAP粉末为原料的陶瓷材料更容易烧结致密;相比无压烧结,微波烧结能够在保证力学性能的基础上降低烧结温度,控制晶粒生长。当以溶胶凝胶法制备的HAP粉末为原料,压制成型,在微波烧结工艺下烧结制度为1 100℃恒温30 min时,可获得弯曲强度为93 MPa、晶粒大小约为300 nm的高强度HAP陶瓷材料。     

溶胶-凝胶生物活性玻璃的纳米结构分析研究

利用溶胶-凝胶低温合成法制备了CaO-P2O5-SiO2系统生物活性玻璃骨修复及骨组织工程材料.利用SEM、BET及XRD等方法对溶胶-凝胶生物活性玻璃的微观结构及其组成对材料微观结构的影响进行了分析,并同目前已临床应用的45S5生物活性玻璃进行了比较.研究发现由溶胶-凝胶法制备的生物活性玻璃是由纳米级微球构成,其高比表面积是由其纳米微球之间的孔隙所致.这种高比表面积对于提高材料的表面吸附能力及生物矿化功能具有重要作用.根据等大球体最紧密堆积原理建立了溶胶-凝胶生物活性玻璃纳米孔隙尺寸近似计算模型,并对其孔隙结构进行了分析计算.     

双孔型生物活性玻璃的合成

使用聚乙二醇和蔗糖为造孔剂,以溶胶-凝胶法制备了具有介孔和大孔并存的双孔型CaO-P2O5-SiO2生物玻璃。所形成的介孔孔径的分布范围在20 nm左右、大孔孔径可达到100μm以上,且所得到的孔具有连通性。材料在37℃的人体模拟液中浸泡7天后,表面生成了大量羟基磷灰石晶相,显示此类CaO-P2O5-SiO2多孔玻璃具有很好的生物活性。     

溶胶-凝胶技术在有机／无机杂化材料制备中的应用

应用溶胶-凝胶法制备有机／无机杂化材料,可根据前驱体的种类和制备方法等对材料微观结构进行裁剪和优化,并可实现材料的功能化。有机／无机杂化材料根据有机相和无机相的比例不同,可分为有机改性陶瓷型杂化材料和陶瓷改性有机物型杂化材料两类。本文综述了应用溶胶-凝胶技术制备有机／无机杂化材料的原理以及应用进展。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.