ZrO2/Ti-MCM-41催化聚丙烯裂解反应的研究

采用水热合成法制备了中孔分子筛ZrO₂/Ti-MCM-41，通过XRD和N₂吸附-脱附对其进行表征。结果表明，该分子筛具有中孔结构，并且随着ZrO₂含量的增加，ZrO₂/Ti-MCM-41孔道的长程有序性和结晶度有所减弱，直至失去中孔结构。将其应用于聚丙烯（PP）催化裂解反应，通过考察负载量、反应温度、催化剂用量和反应时间，对ZrO₂/Ti-MCM-41催化裂解PP反应的规律进行了研究。结果表明，负载ZrO₂质量分数为18%的ZrO₂/Ti-MCM-41，在反应温度400 ℃m（ZrO₂/Ti-MCM-41）∶m(PP)=0.02和反应时间30 min条件下，PP转化率可达91.2%，液体产物收率为83.6%，优于热裂解及传统的HZSM-5小孔分子筛催化剂的催化裂解结果。     

微波合成Ti-MCM-41介孔分子筛及其动态脱硫性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法在微波条件下制备Ti-MCM-41介孔分子筛,采用SEM、BET、XRD、TEM和FT-IR等对催化剂进行表征,对比MCM-41和水热合成的Ti-MCM-41介孔分子筛,并分析其制备机理,以合成的分子筛为催化剂进行柴油脱硫实验。结果表明,合成的Ti-MCM-41分子筛结构有序,晶形完整,平均孔径约4.5 nm。在每10 mL模型油Ti-MCM-41用量0.2 g、n(H2O2)∶n(苯并噻吩)=4和V(乙腈)∶V(模型油)=1条件下,苯并噻吩的催化氧化活性较高,动态氧化-萃取脱除率最高达93.5%。     

Zr/Mo-MCM-41中孔分子筛催化2-甲氧基萘乙酰化反应

制备了Zr/Mo MCM 41中孔分子筛,采用XRD、FTIR、BET、ESR和NH3 TPD对其结构进行了表征。结果表明,Zr/Mo MCM 41中孔分子筛具有较好的长程有序性和结晶度;但Mo并未进入分子筛骨架内部,而是在分子筛表面以非五价钼的氧化物形式存在。将Zr/Mo MCM 41用于催化2 甲氧基萘与乙酸酐的傅 克酰基化反应,得到较佳工艺条件为:n(Si)∶n(Mo)=1∶0 06,催化剂1 2g,2 甲氧基萘0 025mol,n(2 甲氧基萘)∶n(乙酸酐)=1∶6,反应温度130℃,反应时间24h。2 甲氧基萘的转化率达93 8%,1 乙酰基 2 甲氧基萘的选择性达94 9%。     

超微粒介孔分子筛Ti-MCM-41的制备及苯乙烯催化氧化的研究

在强酸性条件下，在60℃水浴中，以无水乙醇和异丙醇为混合溶剂，合成了nSi)：n(Ti)分子比为30的超微粒介孔分子筛蜀-MCM-41。在超微粒介孔分子筛Ti-MCM-41和H2O2作用下，对苯乙烯进行催化氧化的反应，其产物是苯乙酮和苯甲醛，并且考察了分子筛Ti-MCM-41不同用量、H2O2和苯乙烯不同分子比、反应时间及反应温度对苯乙烯转化率的影响。实验结果表明，在苯乙烯催化氧化反应中，反应的最佳温度为60℃，最佳时间是10h，最佳分子筛用量是0．6g，n(H2O2)：n(苯乙烯)分子最佳比是4：1。由于H2O2氧化后的产物是H2O2，因此，这种清洁的方法是今后有机合成发展的趋势。     

稀土改性固体超强酸催化制备生物柴油的研究

以SO42-/ZrO2为母体,引入稀土元素La、Ce对其进行改性,制备出一系列稀土固体超强酸催化剂,用X射线衍射、红外光谱和BET手段表征了催化剂的物化性能。研究了催化剂合成生物柴油的催化性能,系统考察了n(甲醇):n(脂肪酸甘油三酯)、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对生物柴油产率的影响。结果表明:稀土的引入使活性四方相ZrO2更加稳定;催化剂中形成了固体超强酸结构,且改性后酸强度增大,催化剂活性中心数目增加。SO42-/ZrO2-La2O3的催化活性较高,n(甲醇)∶n(脂肪酸甘油三酯)=10∶1、m(催化剂)∶m(原料油)=4∶100、反应温度250℃、反应时间9 h,此时甲酯的产率可达到73.46%。该催化剂活性较高,重复使用3次后生物柴油产率仍在60%之上。     

硫酸改性Ti-MCM-41分子筛催化水解纤维素

以硫酸钛为钛源,硅酸钠为硅源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模版剂,采用水热晶化法合成出Ti-MCM-41介孔分子筛,用浸渍法得到硫酸改性Ti-MCM-41分子筛。采用XRD和BET对硫酸改性Ti-MCM-41分子筛进行结构表征,结果发现,Ti-MCM-41分子筛经硫酸改性后仍然具有规则有序的介孔结构和较大的比表面积（604．84m^2／g）。用硫酸改性Ti-MCM-41分子筛催化纤维素水解并探讨了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量及液固比对纤维素水解的影响。实验结果表明,硫酸改性Ti—MCM．41分子筛能够明显降低纤维素的残渣率,提高总还原糖和5-羟甲基糠醛（5-HMF）的收率;最佳的反应条件是：反应温度230℃,反应时间15min,催化剂加入量为纤维素／催化剂质量比2：0.3,液固比30,此条件下残渣率为11．95％,总还原糖收率为47．23％,5-HMF收率为20．70％。     

铈掺杂介孔分子筛MCM-41催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯

以铈掺杂介孔分子筛MCM-41作为催化剂,并用于催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯。研究表明Ce-MCM-41在合成柠檬酸三丁酯中具有良好的催化性能:当n(柠檬酸)∶n(正丁醇)=1∶5.0;w(cat)%=5%;反应温度140℃;反应时间7 h,酯化率为91.2%,催化剂可重复使用。     

纳米固体超强酸ZrO2/SO2-4的制备及其苯催化硝化

采用纳米化学技术制备了新型的纳米固体超强酸催化剂ZrO2/SO2-4并用XRD、TEM进行了表征.结果表明:所研制的ZrO2/SO2-4催化剂为晶态纳米粒子,平均粒径为41 nm,分散性较好;考察了在不同工艺条件下苯硝化反应的收率影响因素,找出优化反应条件为:催化剂活化温度620℃,反应温度75℃,n(硝酸):n(苯)=2:1,m(苯):m(催化剂)=30:1,反应时间6h,收率达85.0%.     

正交实验法优选K_2O/CaO-SBA-15催化生产生物柴油工艺条件

以介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体,通过浸渍法制备固体碱催化剂K2O-SBA-15、CaO-SBA-15和K2O/CaO-SBA-15,并对其进行XRD表征。将制备的催化剂用于催化大豆油和无水甲醇制备生物柴油。按四因素三水平的正交实验设计方案进行实验,表明各因素影响程度依次为:反应时间反应温度油醇物质的量比催化剂用量。最佳反应条件:在温度为60℃时加入n(原料油)∶n(甲醇)=12∶1的反应物,加入m(催化剂)∶m(原料油)=3%的催化剂,反应3h,产率达86.97%。     

纳米固体超强酸ZrO_2/SO_4~(2-)的制备及其苯催化硝化

采用纳米化学技术制备了新型的纳米固体超强酸催化剂ZrO2/SO24-,并用XRD、TEM进行了表征。结果表明:所研制的ZrO2/SO42-催化剂为晶态纳米粒子,平均粒径为41nm,分散性较好;考察了在不同工艺条件下苯硝化反应的收率影响因素,找出优化反应条件为:催化剂活化温度620℃,反应温度75℃,n(硝酸)∶n(苯)=2∶1,m(苯)∶m(催化剂)=30∶1,反应时间6h,收率达85.0%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。