Effect of temperature on oxidation behavior of ternary Fe-15Cu-5Al alloy in pure oxygen

The effect of temperature on oxidation behavior of ternary Fe-15Cu-5Al （mole fraction, %） alloy in pure oxygen was studied. Fe-15Cu-5Al alloy presents an irregular high-temperature oxidation behavior between 700-1 000 ℃, though the kinetic curve at each temperature can be approximately considered as being composed of two quasi-parabolic stages. At 700 ℃ the alloy forms bulky stratified scales. On the contrary, at 800℃ the alloy forms an external protective Al2O3 layer. The trend of decrease of oxidation rate does not continue at elevated temperatures. Due to the high stress-growth effect at 900℃, the thin Al2O3 layer cannot completely prevent further oxidation of the alloy underneath. When the temperature rises to 1 000℃, the high stress-growth effect is more obvious and the alloy forms overgrown large nodules. Compared with the Fe-10Al binary alloy, the presence of 15 % Cu tends to greatly increase the flaw of the formed Al2O3 layer at elevated temperatures, resulting in a peculiar oxidation pattern of Fe- 15Cu-5Al alloy.     

Effect of 5%Cr on oxidation of Ni- 10Al in 0.1MPaO2 at 900 ℃ and 1 000 ℃

The effect of 5%Cr（mole fraction） on the scaling behavior of Ni-10Al was investigated at 900 ℃ and 1 000 ℃ with the aim to discuss the third element effect（TEE）. The oxidation rate of the ternary alloy containing Cr is much slower than the corresponding binary alloys at both temperatures. A dense external scale of NiO overlying a zone of internal oxide precipitates forms on Ni-10Al, while Ni-5Cr-10Al develops a protective layer. So the addition of Cr promotes the formation of alumina scale. The possible mechanism of Cr on the oxidation of Ni-Al alloy is discussed.     

Influence of phosphorus on oxidation behavior of low thermal expansion superalloy IN909 at 650℃

The effect of phosphorus on the oxidation resistance of low thermal expansion alloy IN909 was studied. The composition and structure of the oxidation layer were analyzed. It is found that the oxidation initiates at the grain boundaries. During the oxidation, Fe atoms diffuse toward the surface and form the outside oxidation layer as the oxide of iron. The transition oxidation layer lies between the oxidation layer and the matrix which is enriched with Nb, Ti and Si, forming FeTiO5, Nb2O5, Fe2SiO4 and TiO2. Phosphorus hardly influences the thermal expansion coefficient of IN909 alloy. However, it increases the formation of e phase at the boundary of the transition oxidation layer and matrix. As a result, the oxidation rate is decreased efficiently because the e phase inhibits the diffusion of the element such as iron from the matrix to the oxidation layer.     

Oxidation behavior of three-phase Cu-25Ni-30Cr alloy at 700-800℃ under high oxygen pressures

The thermogravimetric analysis of a ternary Cu-25Ni-30Cr alloy prepared by conventional casting was performed in 0. 1 MPa pure O2 at 700-800℃. The results show that the alloy is composed of three phases,where the phase with the largest copper and lowest chromium content forms the matrix, while the other two,much richer in chromium, form a dispersion of isolated particles. At variance with another three-phase Cu-20Ni-20Cr alloy, which forms complex scales containing the oxides of the various components and double oxides plus an irregular region composed of alloy and oxides, the present alloy can form a very irregular but continuous chromia layer at the base of the mixed internal region, producing a gradual decrease of the oxidation rate down to very low values. A larger chromium content needed to form chromia layer for a ternary three-phase alloy is attributed to the limitations to the diffusion of the alloy components in the metal substrate imposed by their multiphase nature.     

Microstructural Study of Fe-Cr-Al/Al Composite Coatings During Oxidation and Sulfidation at 900℃

The microstructure of a composite coating system,which was composed of an inner layer of Fe-Cr-Al and an outer layer of aluminum,was studied after it was respectively oxidized and sulfurdized at elevated temperatures. Apart from the Al2O3 scale formed on the surface,the microstructure of the composite coatings exposed at 900℃ in air for 4h was a three-layer structure. The first layer consisted of a solid solution of Cr and Fe in α aluminum and an intermetallic compound FeAl3,while the second layer was a single phase of the aluminide and the third layer still remained the same appearance as the original Fe-Cr-Al coating. The microstructural observation of the specimen tested at 850-900℃ at low oxygen pressure and high sulfur pressure for 576h revealed that the surface coatings of the specimen had transformed into a duplex structure containing an outer layer and a thicker aluminide layer beneath. X-ray diffraction results showed that the out layer was composed of Al2S3 and Al2O3 and that AlCrFe2 was the main phase composition of the aluminide layer,with a few of Al2S3 and Al2O3 accompanied.     

Oxidation and hot corrosion behavior of Ti2AlNb-based alloy with and without enamel coating at 800℃

The oxidation and hot corrosion behavior of Ti2AlNb-based alloy with and without enamel coating at 800 ℃ was investigated. The results indicated that Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy exhibited poor oxidation resistance at 800 ℃. The constitution of oxide scale had the effect on its oxidation rate. Because of the S and Cl accelerating the corrosion process, Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy suffered severe hot corrosion and exhibited very poor hot corrosion resistance, Enamel coating could remarkably improve the high temperature oxidation resistance of Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy because it had good chemical stability and matched thermal expansion coefficient with the substrate. In （Na,K）2SOa＋NaCl molten salts at 800 ℃, chemical reactions between molten salts and enamel coating occurred and complicated products formed on the surface of the enamel coating; Cl in the molten salts could penetrate through the coating and induced the substrate corrosion, but enamel coating still had good hot corrosion resistance.     

Corrosion behavior of NiCr alloys in HCl-containing oxidation atmosphere at 700-800℃

Corrosion behaviors of pure Ni and three NiCr alloys were investigated in an HCl-containing oxidizing at-mosphere at 700℃ and 800℃. All materials suffer from accelerated corrosion at both temperatures. NiCr alloys show an initial mass loss due to the formation of volatile CrCl3 and CrO2Cl2. Some chlorides are detected at the scale/substrate interface and many voids are also found there. NiCr alloys with higher chromium content have better corrosion resistance. However, Ni50Cr is inferior to Ni25Cr due to its two-phase structure, which makes it easy for chlorine to diffuse along grain boundary and to occur inner oxidation. The relevant corrosion mechanism was also discussed.     

Effect of Nb on oxidation behavior of NiTiNb alloys

The oxidation behavior of NiTi and NiTiNb alloys containing different amounts of Nb （7%, 9%, mole fraction） were studied at 800℃ in air. It is found that the oxidation resistance of NiTi alloy can be effectively increased by the Nb addition. Under the same oxidation condition, the mass gain of NiTi is about 7 mg/cm^2, while the inass gains are only 3 mg/cm^2 for Ni47Ti44Nb9 alloy and 2.4 mg/cm^2 for Ni52Ti41NbT. Moreover the oxidation resistance of single phase NiTiNb alloy is better than that of the dual-phase alloy with large amount of Nb precipitates. On the basis of thermodynamics and kinetics of oxidation, the effect of Nb alloying element on the oxidation behavior of NiTi-based alloys was discussed.     

The Sulfidation/Oxidation Resistance of Two Ni-Cr-Al-Y Alloys at 700℃

The high temperature corrosion resistance of Ni-25.9Cr-13.5Al-1.2Y-0.6Si and Ni-10.2Co-12.4Cr-16.0Al-0.5Y-0.2Hf alloys was assessed in sulfidation/oxidation environments.In the environment with a sulfur partial pressure of 1Pa. and an oxygen partial pressure of 10^-19Pα,both these alloys exhibited three distinct stages in the weight gain-time curve when tested at 700℃.In the initial stage, selective sulfidation of Cr suppressed the formation of the other metal sulfides,resulting in lower weight gains.In the transient stage, breakdown and cracking of Cr sulfides and insufficient concentration of Cr at the outer zone led to the rapid formation of Ni sulfides and a rapid increase in weight.In the steady-state stage, corrosion was controlled by the diffusion of anions and/or cations, which led to a parabolic rate law.     

Oxidation behavior of Ni（Co）CrAlYHf（Si） coatings on DS superalloy at 1150℃

Two Ni（Co）CrAlY coatings were deposited by EB-PVD method on a DS superalloy of Ni-Al-Cr-Co-W-Mo-Ta-Hf system. SEM, XEDS and XRD were used to study the oxidation behavior of the coatings. The two coatings show a good protection for the DS superalloy. The results of the isothermal oxidation test at 1150 ℃ for 100 h show that the oxidation tendency obeys the parabolic law, and the oxidation rate constant Kp of the coated specimens decreases to about 1/3 of that for the bare superalloy. After oxidation, a continuous alumina-based scale is formed at the surfaces of the coated samples. Y2O3, NiO and SiO2 are also detectable in the oxide scale. A large number of Al in the coating is consumed due to high-temperature diffusion and oxidation reactions, and the NiAl phases in the coating are almost completely transformed to Ni3Al phases. For the Hf-bearing coating, some HfO2 particles exist at the interface between the coating and the substrate. Although internal oxidation occurs, the coating still shows a good adhesion with the superalloy substrate even after oxidation for 100 h. For the bare DS superalloy, after 100 h oxidation at 1 150℃, only discontinuous alumina-based oxide particles exist on the surface. Oxide spallation occurs for the bare alloy.     

Fe-5Y-1Al和Fe-5Y-2Al合金在800℃空气中的氧化行为

研究了铸态Fe-5Y-1Al合金和Fe-5Y-2Al合金在800℃空气中的高温氧化行为.结果表明,两种三元合金动力学都近似遵守抛物线规律,Fe-5Y-1Al的抛物线速率常数比Fe-5Y-2Al的低2个数量级.Fe-5Y-1Al合金的氧化膜为尖晶石结构的复合氧化物FeAl2O4,很好的抑制了O的向内扩散和Fe的向外扩散,...     

THE OXIDATION OF A TWO-PHASE Cu-50Cr ALLOY IN AIR AT 70O ─900℃

Ｃｕ－５０Ｃｒ合金在７００－９００℃空气中的氧化结果表明,合金的氧化动力学在７０和８００℃遵循抛物线速度规律,在９００℃其瞬时抛物线速度常数随时间而降低。合金氧化外层膜是ＣｕＯ和Ｃｕ２Ｏ,内层膜由氧化铜和尖晶石型氧化物为基并嵌有Ｃｒ颗粒组成,Ｃｒ表面有Ｃｒ２Ｏ３和Ｃｕ２Ｃｒ２Ｏ４膜。９００℃的氧化膜与基体金属界面粘可观察到连续的Ｃｒ２Ｏ３层。合金未形成Ｃｒ的选择性外氧化。     

Transient oxidation behavior of nanocrystalline CoCrAlY coating at 1050℃

Nanocrystalline CoCrA1Y overlay coating was prepared on M38G superalloy by magnetron sputtering deposition. To investigate the oxidation behavior and phase transformation of alumina during oxidation, the oxidation experiments were conducted at 1 050 ℃ for various time in the range of 5-180 min. The phase compositions of the oxide scales were investigated by using glancing angle X-ray diffraction（XRD）. The microstructure analysis of oxide scales was carried out by means of scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The growth process of metastable alumina at the grain boundaries and transformation to stable alumina were discussed. The results show that at the initial oxidation stage the mixture of δ-Al2O3, γ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3 is formed on the sample surface rapidly. Especially, δ-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3 prefer growing at the grain boundaries of CoCrA1Y coating. With increasing oxidation time, δ-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3 transform to θ-Al2O3, afterwards θ-Al2O3 transforms to α-Al2O3 gradually. After 180 min oxidation, θ-Al2O3 transforms into α-Al2O3 completely.     

Oxidation behavior of multiphase Mo5SiB2 （T2）-based alloys at high temperatures

Two MosSiB2 （T2）-based alloys with nominal compositions of Mo-12.5Si-25B and Mo-14Si-28B （molar fraction, %） were prepared in an arc-melting furnace, and their oxidation kinetics from 1 000 to 1 300 ℃ were studied. The microstructures of the alloys were characterized by X-ray diffractometry（XRD） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM） with energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）. The oxide scales of both alloys oxidized at 1 200 ℃ for l0 min, 2 h and 100 h were investigated by surface XRD and cross-sectional SEM-EDS. The results show that the matrix of both alloys consists of T2. The dispersions of Mo-12.5Si-25B alloy are Mo and Mo3Si, and the dispersions of Mo-14Si-28B alloy are MosSi3 （T1） and MoB. The cyclic oxidation kinetics data exhibit initial rapid mass loss followed by slow mass loss. The mass loss of Mo-12.5Si-25B alloy is much faster than that of Mo-14Si-28B alloy at 1 200 and 1 300 ~C. For l0 min exposure, both alloys form irregular and porous thin scale. For 2 h exposure, Mo-12.5Si-25B alloy forms irregular thin scale and the scale contains large cracks, and Mo-14Si-28B alloy forms sound and continuous scale. For 100 h exposure, Mo-12.5Si-25B and Mo-14Si-28B alloys form sound and continuous scale about 50-75 μm and 40-45 μm in thickness, respectively. The better oxidation resistance of Mo-14Si-28B alloy is due to a sound and continuous B-SiO2 layer formation in the early stage of oxidation.     

Oxidation behavior of three-phase Cu-25Ni-30Cr alloy at 700-800℃ under high oxygen pressures

1INTRODUCTION Materialsand/orcoatingsusedfortechnologi calapplicationsathightemperaturesoftencontainmanycomponentsandmorethanonephase,usuallyrequiretoprovidemechanicalproperties andoxidationresistancesufficienttoensureareasonablylonglifeunderworkingconditions[1,2].Infact,itisnecessarytoformexternalandslowly growingCr2O3,Al2O3andSiO2scalesonthealloysurfacebyaddingCr,AlandSielementstoalloys inordertoprotectthesealloysagainstoxidationat relativelyhightemperatures.Alotofstudieshave provedt…     

Effects of quenching conditions on crystallization behavior of amorphous Al90Ni5Ce5 alloys

X-ray diffraction and DSC were used to investigate the crystallization behavior of amorphous Al90Ni5Ce5 alloys at different quenching temperatures.All the amorphous Al90Ni5Ce5 alloys quenched at different temperatures crystallize by two stages.The first stage corresponds to FCC Al phase precipitating from the amorphous matrix.The crystallization onset temperature increases with increasing quenching temperature.The quenching temperature also influences the isothermal behaviors.At low quenching temperatures,the FCC Al precipitation is only through grain growth.At high quenching temperatures,the FCC Al precipitation is through growth of quenched-in Al unclei and nucleation and growth of new crystallites.The reason that the crystallization onset temperature varies with quenching temperature is likely as that the quenched-in Al nuclei decreases with increasing temperature.     

溅射Ni32Co23Cr8Al2Si纳米晶涂层900℃氧化性能

利用磁控溅射技术在铸造Ni32Co23Cr8A12Si合金上溅射了相同成分的纳米晶涂层.900℃氧化试验结果表明溅射Ni32Co23Cr8A12Si纳米晶涂层由于晶粒尺寸细小,促进了保护性氧化物形成元素Al向氧化前沿的快速扩散和保护性A12O3层的快速形成,使得溅射Ni32Co23Cr8A12Si纳米晶涂层表现出更优异的抗氧化性能.     

Isothermal oxidation behavior of cast Ni-base superalloy K44

The oxidation behavior of a cast Ni-base superalloy K44 in air at 850-1 000℃ for 100 h was studied. The scales on the surface were determined by SEM and EPMA equipped with an EDXS. The results show that oxidation kinetics obey the parabolic law fi＇om which the values of activation energy Qp1=221.1 kJ/mol and Qp2=247.6 kJ/mol are estimated. The oxidation scales are composed of loose outer layer of TiO2/TiO-Cr2O3 and a small amount of NiCr204 and NiAl2O4, compact intermediate layer Cr2O3, and precipitate of internal oxides Al2O3.     

High-temperature oxidation behavior of Nb67-xW15Si18Hfx（X=0.5 and 10） alloys

The oxidation behaviors of Nb67-xW15Si18Hfx （x=0, 5, 10） alloys were studied at 1 250 ℃ in air. It is found that the Nb67W15Si18 alloy has the best oxidation resistance among the three alloys; and Hf addition is harmful to the oxidation resistance of the Nb67W15Si18 alloy. The oxides formed on the Nb67W15Si18 alloy are mainly Nb12WO33 and NbO2, and that on the Nb62W15Si18Hf5 and Nb57W15Si18Hflo alloys is Nb2O5. Effect of Hfon the oxidation behavior of the Nb67-xW15Si18Hfx alloys has been discussed based on mierostructures and kinetics of oxidation.