一种Web信息的启发式检索方法

Internet是一个开放的全球分布式网络 ,资源分布在世界上不同的地方 ,并且网上资源没有统一的管理和结构 ,导致了信息搜索的困难 .同时 ,Internet是一个有巨大价值的信息源 .因此 ,研究一种快速、高效的 Web信息检索方法是很有实用意义的 .本文提出了一种用相关度及用户兴趣作为评价函数在 Internet上进行启发式搜索及在此基础上利用机器学习有效的实现搜索知识重用的方法     

Interactive Visual User Interfaces: A Survey

Following a short survey of input data types onwhich to construct interactive visual userinterfaces, we report on a new and recentimplementation taking concept hierarchies asinput data. The visual user interfacesexpress domain ontologies which are based onthese concept hierarchies. We detail aweb-based implementation, and show examples ofusage. An appendix surveys related systems,many of them commercial.     

Intelligent Assistance in Authoring Dynamically Generated Web Interfaces

Since its emergence in the early 1990s, the WWW has become not only an information system of unprecedented size, but a universal platform for the development of services and applications. However, most of the advances in web technologies are intended for professional developers, paying poor attention to end-users with no programming abilities but with explicit needs of creating and customizing web-based presentations. This provides a strong motivation for end-users to act as designers at some point, leading to an emerging role of new computing-related professionals to be considered. This paper is an effort to leverage such difficulties by providing intelligent mechanism to assist end-users in web-based authoring tasks. To carry out such a challenge, intelligent user-monitoring techniques are exploited to obtain high-level information that will be used to infer the user’s preferences and assist him throughout the interaction. Furthermore, we report on how iteration patterns can be applied to avoid repetitive tasks that are automatically carried out on behalf of the user. In order to bring off a feasible trade-off between expressivity and ease of use, a user experiment to obtain the user’s perception and evaluate the hit-rate of our system is also presented.     

Web搜索结果组织与展示的一种机制

以列表形式展示的搜索引擎查询结果往往使用户无法快速地找到真正需要的信息。采用对结果进行聚类后,以结构化的形式表现查询结果可以克服这一问题。文中阐述了聚类引擎包括的四部分工作及相关的技术,并对系统的性能和存在的问题进行了初步的分析,为此类系统的实现提供了基础。     

基于聚类分析的Web信息搜索算法研究

本文分析了Web信息搜索中的Leader算法其聚类结果中可能存在重叠区域;k-means算法其k参数的确定可能需要多次尝试。结合上述二种聚类分析算法提出将Leader算法和k-means算法融合可以同时解决上述问题,且在实际的Web信息搜索中更能体现聚类分析的优势。     

基于搜索引擎的网络广告监测系统

从网络广告情报需求的角度出发,利用针对网络广告的搜索引擎技术,设计了一种独立的、第三方的网络广告监测系统。该系统通过网络蜘蛛及时在大型网站上搜集在线广告活动数据进行加工处理,获得广告元数据,以分析报表形式提供给用户作情报分析,最后讨论了该系统的优缺点。     

Web search engine: Characteristics of user behaviors and their implication

In this paper, first studied are the distribution characteristics of user behaviors based on log data from a massive web search engine. Analysis shows that stochastic distribution of user queries accords with the characteristics of power-law function and exhibits strong similarity, and the user' s queries and clicked URLs present dramatic locality, which implies that query cache and 'hot click' cache can be employed to improve system performance. Then three typical cache replacement policies are compared, including LRU, FIFO, and LFU with attenuation. In addition, the distribution character-istics of web information are also analyzed, which demonstrates that the link popularity and replica pop-ularity of a URL have positive influence on its importance. Finally, variance between the link popularity and user popularity, and variance between replica popularity and user popularity are analyzed, which give us some important insight that helps us improve the ranking algorithms in a search engine.     

基于信息导航的三维用户界面动态构建方法

针对三维用户界面对非几何信息表达、交互研究不足的问题,在对界面导航进行研究的基础上,提出了一种基于信息导航的三维用户界面动态构建方法UIDCM。首先,总结了三维界面中的信息导航模型。然后针对导航模型以及复杂信息的表达需求,提出了三维用户界面动态构建方法,并利用此方法实现信息表达、导航交互、命令响应等三维界面功能。最后,利用光学跟踪工具作为三维人机交互手段,搭建了三维用户界面原型系统,并以飞机研制任务信息为实例进行了系统验证。实验表明,UIDCM方法对于三维空间下的信息获取、导航与交互能够提供一种有效的解决方案。     

User Interfaces and Help Systems: From Helplessness to Intelligent Assistance

Despite a large body of multidisciplinary research on helpful and user-orientedinterface design, help facilities found in most commercial software are so ill-conceived thatthey are often unhelpful. From a wide spectrum of disciplines and software tools, we presentan extensive review of related work, identifying their limitations as well as their most prom-isingaspects. Using this material, we attempt to recapitulate the necessary requirements foruseful help systems.     

一种基于聚类和用户行为分析的搜索引擎结果优化方法

在研究传统搜索引擎的基础上,提出了一种改进的元搜索引擎模型及一种基于聚类和用户行为分析的查询结果优化方法,最后通过对比优化前后用户的满意度验证了该方法的可行性。     

Three-Level Caching for Efficient Query Processing in Large Web Search Engines

Large web search engines have to answer thousands of queries per second with interactive response times. Due to the sizes of the data sets involved, often in the range of multiple terabytes, a single query may require the processing of hundreds of megabytes or more of index data. To keep up with this immense workload, large search engines employ clusters of hundreds or thousands of machines, and a number of techniques such as caching, index compression, and index and query pruning are used to improve scalability. In particular, two-level caching techniques cache results of repeated identical queries at the frontend, while index data for frequently used query terms are cached in each node at a lower level. We propose and evaluate a three-level caching scheme that adds an intermediate level of caching for additional performance gains. This intermediate level attempts to exploit frequently occurring pairs of terms by caching intersections or projections of the corresponding inverted lists. We propose and study several offline and online algorithms for the resulting weighted caching problem, which turns out to be surprisingly rich in structure. Our experimental evaluation based on a large web crawl and real search engine query log shows significant performance gains for the best schemes, both in isolation and in combination with the other caching levels. We also observe that a careful selection of cache admission and eviction policies is crucial for best overall performance. Work supported by NSF CAREER Award CCR-0093400 and the New York State Center for Advanced Technology in Telecommunications (CATT) at Polytechnic University.     

WEB语音检索中查询概念纠错的研究

使用语音识别技术为搜索引擎提供语音查询接口,使得奇询概念的输入更为简便。但是,由于查询概念中存在大量的专有名词和名称,识别精度往往不高,影响搜索结果的准确率。该文提出一种在新闻领域内,利用新闻领域知识提高查询概念识别率的方法,通过计算语音识别结果与新闻概念库中概念的语音相似度确定备选结果,计算备选结果与辅助概念的新闻相关度来确定最终的查询概念。实验证明,该方法对新闻搜索引擎的查询概念的纠错收到了良好的效果。     

Towards Deeper Understanding of the Search Interfaces of the Deep Web

Many databases have become Web-accessible through form-based search interfaces (i.e., HTML forms) that allow users to specify complex and precise queries to access the underlying databases. In general, such a Web search interface can be considered as containing an interface schema with multiple attributes and rich semantic/meta-information; however, the schema is not formally defined in HTML. Many Web applications, such as Web database integration and deep Web crawling, require the construction of the schemas. In this paper, we first propose a schema model for representing complex search interfaces, and then present a layout-expression based approach to automatically extract the logical attributes from search interfaces. We also rephrase the identification of different types of semantic information as a classification problem, and design several Bayesian classifiers to help derive semantic information from extracted attributes. A system, WISE-iExtractor, has been implemented to automatically construct the schema from any Web search interfaces. Our experimental results on real search interfaces indicate that this system is highly effective.     

一种时序数据的可视化技术与工具

时序数据在许多研究领域中都广泛存在.信息可视化是对时序数据进行分析的有力工具,然而已有的时序数据可视化技术无法较好地分析时间跨度长的时序数据.提出一种称为FisheyeLines的可视化技术,能够快速显示大数据集的整体视图,同时方便查看细节信息;能够清楚地表达复杂信息间的相互关系,同时可以显示对象的属性.基于FisheyeLines可视化技术,还给出了一种称为FisheyeLinesVis的可视化工具,可以方便地构造时序数据可视化应用.对以上技术和工具所构造的应用实例的分析与评估充分验证了该方法的有效性和易用性.     

Local Search Algorithms for SAT: An Empirical Evaluation

Local search algorithms are among the standard methods for solving hard combinatorial problems from various areas of artificial intelligence and operations research. For SAT, some of the most successful and powerful algorithms are based on stochastic local search, and in the past 10 years a large number of such algorithms have been proposed and investigated. In this article, we focus on two particularly well-known families of local search algorithms for SAT, the GSAT and WalkSAT architectures. We present a detailed comparative analysis of these algorithms" performance using a benchmark set that contains instances from randomized distributions as well as SAT-encoded problems from various domains. We also investigate the robustness of the observed performance characteristics as algorithm-dependent and problem-dependent parameters are changed. Our empirical analysis gives a very detailed picture of the algorithms" performance for various domains of SAT problems; it also reveals a fundamental weakness in some of the best-performing algorithms and shows how this can be overcome.     

An Interactive Visual Interface for Online Product Catalogs

One of the key elements of e-commerce systems is the online product catalog. It provides sellers with a content management system that assembles, aggregates, normalizes, and distributes product information. It also provides potential buyers with an interactive interface that offers a multimedia representation of the product information as well as retrieval, classification and ordering services. In this paper, we discuss the interface aspect of online product catalogs, focusing on its ability to help shoppers navigate and analyze product information. Specifically, we present a new interactive interface for online product catalogs that effectively enables the shopper to navigate through the product information space and analytically select suitable products.     

DaisyVA:支持信息多面体可视分析的智能交互式可视化平台

针对目前缺乏有效地支持信息多面体可视分析的交互式信息可视化平台的问题,提出并实现了一个面向最终用户的交互式可视化平台DaisyVA.首先建立了一个支持信息多面体可视分析界面模型IMFA,并定义了IMFA的多面体数据模型、可视表征模型和交互控制模型;然后围绕IMFA设计了DaisyVA的体系架构,讨论了基于模型的系统开发机制、核心模块与运行时框架机理,以及DaisyVA组件库;最后将DaisyVA应用于大型集团制造企业物流网络瓶颈的可视分析实例中.实例分析结果表明,DaisyVA能为多面体数据提供统一建模的支持和可扩展可视化算法库的支持、提供多种所需的交互技术并可灵活定制可视分析的交互任务、支持信息多面体间的内在语义关联分析,以及能够为最终用户提供一种简单快速原型方法,因此能够为信息多面体可视分析提供一种有效的支持.     

一种模型驱动的交互式信息可视化开发方法

设计与实现面向领域应用的交互式信息可视化软件十分困难.缺乏统一的开发方法与支撑工具箱,为非专家用户提供对层次、网络、多维等数据类型的统一支持,对各种可视化技术与交互技术的统一支持,以及对信息可视化任务的统一支持针对此问题,提出了一种模型驱动的交互式信息可视化开发方法Daisy.首先,提出了交互式信息可视化界面模型IIVM(interactive information visualization interface model);然后,提出了基于IIVM的交互式信息可视化开发方法Daisy,讨论了该方法的两个核心技术:IIVM建模与描述文件生成方法、系统自动生成方法.同时。给出了Daisy工具箱,包括Daisy建模工具、Daisy系统自动生成工具以及运行时框架与组件库.最后,给出了该开发方法与工具箱的应用实例.实例表明,该方法能够为交互式信息可视化开发的统一支撑方法问题提供一种有效的解决方案.     

Web Service在跨系统信息查询中的应用

本文以远程教育中存在跨系统信息查询为例子,分析了如何在多个独立的应用系统中实现信息共享,提出了基于Web Service的跨系统的信息共享的解决方案,解决了用户多次登陆不同应用系统的不便,弥补了综合数据库数据过时的缺点,具有极大的灵活性,减轻了数据库维护人员的工作。