合金元素对CuAlMnTi形状记忆合金组织和硬度的影响

研究了用非自耗真空电弧炉熔制的不同成分的Cu—Al-Mn—Ti形状记忆合金,利用扫描电镜、能谱仪、金相显微镜和显微硬度试验机等对合金的成分、组织和性能进行检测分析,综合分析研究了合金的成分、组织和性能之间的关系。研究结果表明：实验合金在Mn含量一定时,硬度随着Al含量的增加急速上升;而当Al含量一定时,随着Mn含量的增加,合金的硬度也有所增加,但是幅度不大。     

锰元素对TWIP钢层错能和变形机制的影响

根据层错能的热力学模型,计算了Fe-XMn-3Si-3Al 系高强度高塑性TWIP钢的层错能.计算结果表明,随锰含量增加Fe-XMn-3Si-3Al系 TWIP钢层错能增加,在此基础上讨论了锰含量对Fe-XMn-3Si-3Al 系TWIP钢变形机制、力学性能和微观组织的影响.在合金中Mn含量的提高使层错能增加,而层错能的增加使Fe-XMn-3Si-3Al系钢表现出不同的变形机制,即逐渐由TRIP效应变为TWIP效应;同时随着Mn含量的提高,合金的抗拉强度降低,而塑性提高.     

BmimCl-AlCl3-MnCl2离子液体电沉积Al-Mn合金

在BmimCl-AlCl3-MnCl2离子液体中,采用恒电流沉积的方法在铁基体上获得Al-Mn合金镀层。通过线性扫描伏安测试研究了Al-Mn合金共沉积行为;采用X射线荧光、X射线衍射和扫描电镜分别对该合金镀层的组成、结构及形貌进行测试。结果表明:合金镀层中Mn含量随着离子液体中MnCl2含量和电流密度的增加而增加;当Mn含量低于8.7at%时,镀层为单相的Al(Mn)固溶体的面心立方结构;锰含量为15.3at%~26.8at%时,镀层为非晶态结构。     

不同应变率下MgAlZnY合金的拉伸性能与断口研究

利用材料试验机开展了室温拉伸实验,在0.001,0.1,0.6s-1不同应变率下,研究了Mg3Al1Zn2Y,Mg3Al2Zn2Y与Mg3Al6Zn2Y合金流动应力的应变率敏感性,其大小为Mg3Al2Zn2YMg3Al1Zn2YMg3Al6Zn2Y。基于分形理论和计算机图像处理技术,结合扫描电镜分析,研究了合金断裂特征,结果表明:合金在不同应变率拉伸下的断口分形行为显著,分形维数可将断口的韧脆性与形貌特征联系起来,分形维数越大,合金塑性相对越好,合金越倾向于延性断裂,断口形貌也越复杂;三种合金断裂特性的应变率敏感性大小为Mg3Al2Zn2YMg3Al6Zn2YMg3Al1Zn2Y,且表现出正负不同的应变率效应。     

钛氮合金的铸态组织与性能

采用熔铸工艺法制备了含氮量为0.045%～0.27%的原位自生氮化物增强钛基复合材料,分析并测试了合金的铸态组织和力学性能.研究结果表明:在Ti-N合金中,随着氮含量的增加,合金中氮化物的形态和相组成发生了明显的改变;当氮含量在0.045%～0.18%时,合金的基体为α-Ti,增强相为TiN0.3;氮含量增加到0.225%时,增强相转变为块状Ti2N;复合材料的硬度、抗压强度和弹性模量均高于纯钛基体且随着氮含量的增加而增加;当增强相由TiN0.3转变为Ti2N时,抗压强度显著增加;由压缩断口分析可知,基体为韧性断裂,随着氮含量增加合金由韧窝 解理断口向具有解理特征的脆性断裂转变.     

Fe43Cr16Mo16C18B5Y2大块非晶合金的晶化行为及力学性能研究

采用铜模吸铸法制备出Fe43Cr16Mo16C18B5Y2块体非晶合金,并用XRD、SEM、DSC、硬度和压痕实验分别研究了该合金的结构、压缩断口形貌、晶化特征、硬度和断裂韧度.由热分析曲线得到玻璃转变温度(Tg)、晶化起始温度(Tx)和晶化峰值温度(Tp),这些特征温度具有明显的动力学效应.用Kissinger方法计算出不同升温速率下该Fe基块体非晶合金的玻璃转变激活能Eg、晶化激活能Ex、激活能Ep,结果表明该合金具有较高的热稳定性.力学实验结果表明,该块体非晶合金的硬度高达1178kg/mm2,断裂韧度为7.614MPa·m1/2,呈典型的脆性断裂,通过压缩断口形貌的观察发现该块体非晶合金的断裂呈现剪切断裂模式.     

Mg-xSn-1.5Al-1Zn-1Si合金的高温力学性能研究

以Mg-xSn-1.5Al-1Zn-1Si合金为研究对象,分析了Sn含量、拉伸温度及断口形貌对高温力学性能的影响.结果表明:Sn含量对高温强度和塑性均有较大影响,随着Sn含量的增加,合金的高温强度和塑性均出现先升高后减小的趋势,Sn为5％时合金的强韧性达到较佳配合.合金的强度指标随温度升高而下降,200℃及以下条件下降低幅度不大,塑性指标随温度升高而增加,200℃及以上条件下变化显著.对于不同Sn含量的合金,高温拉伸断口形貌相似,都属于典型的韧性断裂,形貌特征与力学性能十分吻合.     

锰对扩散退火后热浸镀Al-Mn镀层抗磨粒磨损性能的影响

采用SEM,EDS,XRD等方法分析经扩散退火后Al-Mn镀层的组织结构、元素成分及表面形貌.采用动载磨粒磨损试验机研究Al-Mn镀层的抗磨粒磨损性能,并探讨其磨损机理.结果表明:纯铝镀层主要是由Fe4 Al13相和FeAl相组成,铝锰合金镀层表面主要是由MnAl6,Mn3Al10,Fe4Al13相组成;Mn含量接近共晶点的Al-2％(质量分数,下同)Mn试样抗磨粒磨损性能最好;纯Al、Al-2％Mn镀层的磨粒磨损是微观断裂(剥落)机理占主导地位,Al-9％Mn,Al-13％Mn镀层的磨料磨损主要是多次塑变(微观犁皱)引起的.     

Al对GH4169合金冲击性能的影响

研究了Al对GH4169合金晶界相的析出和冲击性能的影响.结果表明,提高Al含量可抑制晶界δ相的析出,促进晶界Laves相、M7C3相和σ相等有害相的析出;随着Al含量的提高,GH4169合金的室温冲击性能明显降低,冲击断口由穿晶型转变为沿晶型.提高Al含量所导致的Laves相等有害脆性相的析出降低了晶界强度,使晶界裂纹更容易萌生和扩展,降低了GH4169合金的冲击韧性.     

机械合金化方法制备AlxCoCrCu0.5FeNi高熵合金组织结构和性能研究

采用机械合金化和真空热压烧结方法制备了Al_xCoCrCu_(0.5)FeNi高熵合金,研究Al含量对合金系的晶体结构、显微组织、硬度、压缩性能以及摩擦磨损行为的影响。球磨60h和真空热压烧结后的晶体结构均为FCC和BCC双相结构,但相对含量发生变化。Al含量的增加使合金塑性降低,硬度和强度增大,低Al含量的Al_0、Al_(0.5)合金塑性好,强度低,压缩量高达30%和25.6%;高Al含量的Al_(1.0)、Al_(1.5)合金塑性较差,强度高,压缩强度达到1855MPa和2083 MPa,原子半径大的Al含量增加造成严重的晶格畸变,使固溶强化效应增加是合金硬度和强度升高的主要原因。随着Al含量的增加,合金的断裂方式由韧性断裂向脆性断裂转变。合金的耐磨性与硬度呈正相关关系,Al_0、Al_(0.5)、Al_(1.0)的磨损机制为黏着磨损与磨粒磨损,Al_(1.5)合金则为磨粒磨损。     

Effect of Al2O3 and Fe3Al on the phase formation and mechanical properties of β-sialon

The paper evaluated the mechanical properties of β-sialon composites prepared by hot-pressing sintering at 1600 °C in N₂ atmosphere using α-Si₃N₄, Al₂O₃, Y₂O₃ and Fe₃Al as raw materials. The influence of Al₂O₃ and Fe₃Al content on flexure strength, fracture toughness, hardness, and relative density was investigated. And phase formation and morphology of the composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The experimental results indicate that the raw material Fe₃Al reacts with α-Si₃N₄ to form silicides at elevated temperature, and supplies more liquid phase to assist densification. Besides, the variation of flexure strength, fracture toughness and hardness is mainly consistent, and also in good agreement with the relative density measurements. The values all increase firstly, and then decrease when the Al₂O₃ content increases. Scanning electron microscopy illustrates that the metal particles act to inhibit the crack propagation.     

Impact toughness of Al–Si–Cu–Mg–Fe cast alloys: Effects of minor additives and aging conditions

The effects of Sr modification and aging treatment on the impact toughness of a near eutectic Al–11%Si–2.7%Cu–0.3%Mg–0.45%Fe alloy were investigated. Charpy impact tests were performed on unnotched specimens in the as-cast and heat-treated conditions. It was found that the presence of Fe- and Cu-containing phases increases the alloy brittleness which reduces impact toughness. The eutectic Si phase also plays an important role, where the size/morphology of the Si particles controls the area of α-Al matrix available which affects ductility and toughness. Increasing the Mn content leads to an increase in the volume fraction of the α-Al₁₅(Mn,Fe)₃Si₂ phase formed and to sludge formation, which facilitates crack initiation and propagation. Crack propagation occurs mainly via the Al₂Cu and/or α-Al₁₅(Fe,Mn)₃Si₂ phases. In the non-modified alloys, the Si phase also plays a considerable role in the fracture process. The impact behaviour of aged alloys is influenced by the amount, size and morphology of hardening precipitates formed in the alloy, depending on the aging conditions. Aging at 240 °C produces a significant increase in the impact energy values of the low Mn-content alloys, as a result of alloy softening. The high Mn-content alloys also show a similar increase in impact energy values, but at a steady level across the same range of aging times, due to the persistence of the α-Al₁₅(Mn,Fe)₃Si₂ phase.     

The influence of manganese addition on mechanical properties of commercial Al‐4Mg casting alloys

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties of Al‐Mg‐Si alloys aged to peak hardness with different dispersoid volume fraction. It was found that the tensile strength increases with dispersoid content, for alloys having similar ductility. The effect of an increasingly triaxial stress state on a fracture strain above mentioned alloys were measured using a series of notched tensile specimens whose notch root radius of curvature was changed. The alloy ductility was found to increase with dispersoid content and root radius and to decrease with increased stress triaxiality. The fracture toughness of these alloys was determined as a function of dispersoid content and notch root radius of curvature. It was observed that the fracture toughness increased as the dispersoid content and the notch root radius increased. scanning electron microscope analysis of the fracture surfaces revealed that fracture mechanism was transgranular fracture with dimples formation. It is argued that optimum mechanical properties in these alloys can be achieved at about 0.5 % Mn content.     

Investigation on the solution treated behavior of economical 19Cr duplex stainless steels by Mn addition

Effect of Mn on microstructure, mechanical property and pitting corrosion of 19% Cr economical duplex stainless steels with solution temperatures ranging from 1040 to1220 °C has been investigated. The austenite content increases with more Mn addition, but decreases by increasing solution temperature, which can be inferred by trend of partition coefficient K_Mn with solution temperature. Meanwhile, a balanced austenite-ferrite duplex structure of solution-treated specimens was obtained with Mn addition. The impact energy at 20 °C increased with decreasing solution temperature from 1220 °C to 1040 and 1120 °C, and improved by more Mn addition due to more ductile austenite phase formation. These toughness variations were consistent with fracture morphology characteristic changing. The effect of more Mn addition and solution treatment of 1120°Con decreasing of tensile strength and 0.2% offset yield strength were slight. However, the elongation to fracture (%) fell greatly with Mn addition up to 8.1 wt.% for as-rolled and solution treated specimens due to larger deformation strains of austenite than that of ferrite. The decreasing trend of pitting corrosion potential became slower with Mn addition from 3.6 to 8.1 wt.%. The pitting corrosion resistance was lowered by increasing solution temperature due to more weakened repassivation ferrite phase formation.     

碳纤维增强Al_2O_3-20%Ni金属陶瓷复合材料的制备及组织性能

采用溶胶-凝胶+热压烧结法制备了碳纤维(CF)体积分数分别为0%、5%、10%、15%的CF/Al_2O_3-20%Ni金属陶瓷复合材料,采用XRD、SEM和EDS能谱分析了CF/Al_2O_3-20%Ni复合材料的物相组成、组织形貌及成分分布,并研究了CF含量对CF/Al_2O_3-20%Ni复合材料硬度、抗弯强度和EDS断裂韧性的影响,通过SEM分析了CF/Al_2O_3-20%Ni复合材料的断口形貌并探讨了断裂机制。结果表明:采用溶胶-凝胶法可获得CF分散良好、Ni颗粒分布均匀的CF/Al_2O_3-20%Ni复合材料,并且可在CF表面包覆一层α-Al_2O_3保护膜,从而防止CF在高温烧结过程中的烧损。随着CF体积分数的增加,CF/Al_2O_3-20%Ni复合材料的硬度降低,抗弯强度和断裂韧性都先升高后下降,当CF体积分数为10%时,抗弯强度和断裂韧性均达到峰值,相对不含CF试样分别提高了79%和134%,CF的加入使CF/Al_2O_3-20%Ni复合材料的强度和韧性得以改善。用此方法制备的CF/Al_2O_3-20%Ni复合材料的增韧机制为碳纤维的拔出、桥接及脱粘。     

A new resource-saving,low chromium and low nickel duplex stainless steel 15Cr–xAl–2Ni–yMn

A new family of resource-saving, low Cr and low Ni duplex stainless steels, with compositions of 15Cr–xAl–2Ni–yMn (x = 1.2–2.8, y = 8–12, wt.%) has been developed by examining the effect of Al and Mn on microstructure, mechanical property and corrosion property. The results show that 15Cr–1.2Al–2.0Ni–8Mn and 15Cr–2.0Al–2.0Ni–10Mn alloys have a balanced ferrite–austenite relation and that 15Cr–2.8Al–2.0Ni–12Mn alloy has a primary ferrite phase structure. The ferrite volume fraction increases with the solution treatment temperature and Al content while decreases with Mn content. No precipitate was found after solution-treated at 750 °C for 30 min. 15Cr–1.2Al–2.0Ni–8Mn alloy has a strong strain hardening effect, and 15Cr–2.0Al–2.0Ni–10Mn alloy has a good TRIP effect. Both of the 15Cr–1.2Al–2.0Ni–8Mn and 15Cr–2.0Al–2.0Ni–10Mn alloys have excellent impact toughness at low temperature with the impact energy higher than 125 J at −40 °C. The pitting corrosions always occur in austenite phase. Among the designed alloys, 15Cr–1.2Al–2.0Ni–8Mn and 15Cr–2.0Al–2.0Ni–10Mn are found to be excellent alloys with a proper phase proportion and a better combination of superior mechanical property and good pitting corrosion resistance.     

Microstructure, Impact Toughness and TEM Analysis in the CGHAZ of HQ130 High Strength Steel

1.IntroductionThedifferentpartsintheheat-affectedz0neofthehighstrengthsteelexperienceddifferentweldthermalcycles,inwhichthechangeofmicrostructureandper-formanceinthecoarsegrainheat-affectedzone(CG-HAZ)nearthefusionzoneismost0bvious,andcoldcrackingiseasytobeproducedandspreadinthiszone.CGHAZwasconsideredasone0fthem0stweakpositioninwholeweldingjoilltzone,andllu-merousinvestigatorshavepaidcl0seattentiontotheCGHAZl1'2].HQ130steel,whichhastensilestrength(UTs)ofmorethan1300MPa,isanewlydevelop…     

Impact toughness and fractography of Al–Si–Cu–Mg base alloys

Critical automotive applications using heat-treatable alloys are designed for high impact toughness which can be improved using a specified heat treatment. The alloy toughness and fracture behavior are influenced by the alloy composition and the solidification conditions applied. The mechanical properties of alloys containing Cu and Mg can also be enhanced through heat treatment. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Mg content, aging and cooling rate on the impact toughness and fractography of both non-modified and Sr-modified Al–Si–Cu–Mg base alloys. Castings were prepared from both experimental and industrial 319 alloy melts containing 0–0.6wt% Mg. Test bars were cast in two different cooling rate molds, a star-like permanent mold and an L-shaped permanent mold, with dendrite arm spacing (DAS) values of 24 and 50 μm, respectively. Test bars were aged at 180 °C and 220 °C for 2–48 h. Charpy Impact test was used to provide the impact energy. It was observed that high cooling rates improve the impact toughness whereas the presence of Cu significantly lowers the impact properties which are determined mainly by the Al₂Cu phase and not by the eutectic Si particles. The addition of Mg and Sr were also seen to decrease the impact toughness. The crack initiation energy in these alloys is greater than the crack propagation energy, reflecting the high ductility of Al–Si–Cu–Mg base alloys.     

Physico‐mechanical characterization of garnet and fly ash reinforced Al7075 hybrid composite

The aim of present work was to study the effect of adding garnet and fly ash on the physical and mechanical performance of Al7075 hybrid composites. Al7075 hybrid composites reinforced with varying weight percentage (0 wt.%–15 wt.%) of each of garnet and fly ash were fabricated and characterized for the comparative assessment of their physical and mechanical properties. The physical and mechanical tests such as void content test, hardness test, tensile strength test, impact strength tests, flexural and fracture toughness test were performed for both garnet and fly ash reinforced composites. The finding of results indicated that the addition of 0 wt.%–15 wt.% of garnet increased the void content, hardness, flexural strength, tensile strength, impact strength and fracture toughness in the range of 1.01 %–2.69 %, 33 HRB–88 HRB, 165 MPa–275 MPa, 205 MPa–263 MPa, 12 J–22 J and 0.11 MPa ? m^1/2–0.58 MPa ? m^1/2 at crack length 0.1 respectively whereas addition of 0 wt.%–15 wt.% of fly ash increased the void content, hardness test, flexural strength, tensile strength, impact strength and fracture toughness in the range of 1.010 %–1.351 %, 33 HRB‐80 HRB, 165 MPa–225 MPa, 205 MPa–236 MPa, 12 J–20 J, 0.11 MPa ? m^1/2–0.48 MPa ? m^1/2 at crack length 0.1 respectively. Apart from the economic concern and void issue, Garnet indicated better choice of reinforcement as compared to fly ash in terms of mechanical properties.     

Mn对22%Cr双相不锈钢700℃时效σ相及韧性的影响

利用光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)结合析出动力学和冲击实验,研究了不同Mn含量(4.3%,6.9%,9.7%,质量分数,下同)对22%Cr节镍型双相不锈钢700℃时效析出相形成和韧性的影响。结果表明:随Mn含量由4.3%增加至9.7%,时效76h,析出形貌分别为铁素体/奥氏体(δ/γ)界面细小σ相颗粒析出和铁素体晶内σ相/二次奥氏体(γ_2)共析组织。Mn含量增加使Avrami指数n减小,反应常数B增大,Mn元素参与并促进σ相析出,σ相开始析出和完全析出时间均提前,开始析出与完全析出的时间间隔增大,析出速率降低。时效过程中δ相分解量低于1%(体积分数,下同)对冲击韧度影响不大,δ相分解量由1%增至5%会显著降低冲击韧度。Mn含量增加在时效前期对冲击韧度有利,时效中期则会促使δ相分解量更早超过1%,导致冲击韧度快速下降。