稀土微合金化蠕墨铸铁玻璃模具的组织与性能

对稀土微合金化蠕铁玻璃模具的显微组织作了观察,对其耐热性能进行了测定,并进行了工业性试验。     

微合金化蠕墨铸铁玻璃模具材质的研究

介绍了微合金化蠕墨铸铁玻璃模具材质的组织、力学性能及热物性，探讨了影响其性能的诸多因素。结果表明：这种材质具有较高的综合性能指标，具有良好的使用性能和显著的经济价值和社会效益。不仅适于与玻璃模具，还可广泛地应用于冶金、塑料和橡胶行业。     

CNG发动机用耐热疲劳高硅蠕墨铸铁材料研究

研究开发了CNG发动机用耐热疲劳高性能的高硅耐热蠕墨铸铁,采用壳型铸造制备涡轮增压器壳铸件及本体试样.通过多种合金元素最优化复合搭配使用,使该蠕墨铸铁的常温及高温综合机械性能良好,并具有优良的耐热疲劳性能、抗氧化性能、高温强度及在高温中具有良好的尺寸稳定性和良好的导热能力.经过发动机试验台耐久试验及装车试验证明,其蠕墨...     

玻璃灯饰模具的铸造生产

玻璃灯饰模具种类多、形状各异,铸造生产时都使用成型冷铁对铸件的型腔进行激冷。本文立足于生产实践,对模具的材质选用和抗氧化、抗生长机理进行了论述。介绍了制作的冷铁质量控制及如何克服因冷铁而导致的铸造缺陷。指出了铸造生产过程中应注意的问题。     

中硅耐热蠕墨铸铁的研究及应用

适当提高硅含量可有效地提高蠕铁的力学性能，抗氧化性能和热疲劳性能。中硅耐热蠕铁的高温强度比普通蠕铁提高３０％，与中硅球铁相当，抗氧化性能比普通蠕铁提高５倍以上，接近球铁远优于灰铁。在急冷条件下，热疲劳性能优于球铁和灰铁，随球化率下降，热疲劳性能提高。使用证明，中硅耐热蠕墨铸铁综合性能良好。适用于７００～８５０℃条件下工作的新型耐热材料     

玻璃模具材料选择的研究进展

铸铁作为制造玻璃成型模具的材料的主导地位,预计在今后相当时期内不会发生改变,铸铁的显著特点是:易于加工,价格便宜,制造方便,其铸件就是在没有专门设备的工厂也能生产.国外应用的铸铁主要为灰铸铁、低合金铸铁、球墨铸铁等,近年来开始研究应用耐热球墨铸铁.本文对有关铸铁玻璃模具材料的研究状况做介绍.     

稀土蠕墨铸铁玻璃瓶模具在我国的应用概况

用稀土蠕铁制造玻璃瓶模具在我国已经取得了良好的社会和经济效益.不同厂家生产的蠕铁模具其使用寿命相差悬殊的根本原因在于加工后的模具内腔表面是否存在细小球墨层.如果蠕化处理程度和冷铁激冷能力无法形成球墨层者,使用效果较差.     

低合金蠕墨铸铁玻璃模具的试验研究

用MoCrVTi低合金蠕墨铸铁制作输液瓶成型模,其使用寿命可达20万次以上.     

浅谈玻璃模具材料的特点以及发展

针对玻璃模具的性能要求,分析了常用玻璃模具材料的特点,阐述了铸铁作为制造瓶罐类玻璃成型模具的主导材料。     

稀土微合金化铸铁玻璃模具的应用

对玻璃模具材质的化学成分进行了合理设计和优选。结果表明,显微组织、抗氧化、抗生长及热疲劳抗力学性能,均有显著的改善和提高。经工业性试验,模具的寿命成倍提高。     

Sn对蠕墨铸铁组织与抗热疲劳性能的影响

研究了Sn含量对汽车制动鼓用蠕墨铸铁中蠕墨数量、形态、基体组织以及抗热疲劳性能的影响规律。结果表明,Sn可以明显改变蠕铁中的珠光体含量,对蠕化率无明显影响,可以改变蠕铁热疲劳性能。Sn含量为0.06%(质量分数,下同)时,珠光体含量最高为95%,片层间距为0.07μm。Sn含量增加时,石墨轴比率逐渐上升,石墨变得细长且分叉增多。在20~600℃循环条件下,含0.06%Sn时蠕铁的热疲劳裂纹长度最短,抗热疲劳性能最好。     

气缸盖裂纹产生的原因分析及其解决措施

针对气体机气缸盖使用过程中出现裂纹的问题,分析了气缸盖裂纹产生的原因,选择适合气缸盖性能要求的材料,改进了浇注系统和冒口工艺,并确定合理的炉料配比和熔炼工艺.试生产结果表明,气缸盖材料性能符合技术要求,装机耐久试验取得满意效果,铸件的综合废品率大幅降低,有效节约了生产成本.     

石墨蠕化率对蠕墨铸铁受热变形趋势的影响

通过模拟蠕墨铸铁制动受热变形试验,采用薄片试样,模拟列车蠕墨铸铁制动盘使用时的受力情况,设计受热变形试验工装,给予试样两端一个相同的、较小的变形量(弹性变形范围内),模拟列车制动工况温度150℃,加热保温30 h,自然冷却后,在自由状态下测量试样的永久变形量,对试验数据进行统计分析,通过重复做多组试验来研究不同石墨蠕化...     

不同基体组织的蠕墨铸铁热疲劳性能的研究

采用板状带V型缺口的试样，研究了蠕墨铸铁的基体组织对其热疲劳性能的影响。结果表明，当热循环温度的上限超过珠光体相组织变化温度时，蠕墨铸铁的热疲劳性能随基体组织中珠光体量的增加而下降；相反，当热循环温度的上限低于珠光体相组织变化温度时，稳定的珠光体组织可以有效地阻止热疲劳裂纹的扩展，蠕墨铸铁的热疲劳性能会随基体组织中珠光体量的增加而增强。     

浅谈近年来铸铁件的发展

介绍了近年来我国铸铁件的产量和新制订、修订的铸铁件国标:(1)灰铸铁的发展在产量增速上虽有所放缓,但质量上却有很大提高,体现在:新国标中牌号的细化,掌握了HT300和HT350的生产技术,专用灰铸铁的开发。(2)球墨铸铁不仅在产量上快速发展,而且更有质的飞跃,概括为:发展速度令人惊异,从无到有,从少量生产到占世界球铁产量的49.5%;球铁应用领域不断扩大;开发出各种球化处理方法;系列化生产了球化剂和孕育剂。重点介绍了Si固溶强化铁素体球铁、高强度高伸长率球铁、低温铁素体球铁、珠光体基体球铁、ADI、奥氏体球铁、高强韧TWIP铸铁,并指出了生产高端球铁件的关键点——优化石墨、净化晶界、强化基体。(3)蠕铁的进步体现在:新的国标替代了旧的部标,蠕铁缸体缸盖的生产渐入佳境,蠕铁制动盘的扩大应用正在稳妥推进。     

蠕墨铸铁缸体缸盖的铸造技术开发

蠕墨铸铁在国外高性能发动机缸体缸盖上的应用日益普遍.本文主要介绍采用蠕墨铸铁进行6DL发动机缸体缸盖的样件技术开发,在蠕化率、抗拉强度、基体组织、蠕化衰退以及铸造工艺等方面进行了系统的试验研究,并成功开发出具有国际同类产品水平的批量产品样件.     

喷吹法蠕化处理蠕墨铸铁的组织及性能研究

研究了喷吹法处理蠕墨铸铁的组织及性能,以及该工艺条件下壁厚与蠕化率的关系。以惰性气体为载体,将颗粒状镁球和稀土合金喷吹到铁液中,实现铁液蠕化。研究发现,用纯镁粒配以少量稀土合金处理铁液时可以获得好的蠕化效果,可以大幅降低稀土类蠕化剂的加入量,降低生产成本,铸件蠕化率与铸件壁厚有关,随着壁厚增加,蠕化率呈增大趋势。试验结果表明,喷吹法处理蠕铁,蠕化稳定性较好,蠕虫状石墨形态好,石墨分布均匀,蠕化率较高,力学性能良好。     

The forty years of vermicular graphite cast iron development in China （Part Ⅰ）

In China, the research and development of vermicular graphite cast iron (VGCI) as a new type of engineering material, were started in the same period as in other developed countries; however, its actual industrial application was even earlier. In China, the deep and intensive studies on VGCI began as early as the 1960s. According to the incomplete statistics to date, more than 600 papers on VGCI have been published by Chinese researchers and scholars at national and international conferences, and in technical journals. More than ten types of production methods and more than thirty types of treatment alloy have been studied. Formulae for calculating the critical addition of treatment alloy required to produce VGCI have been put forward, and mechanisms for explaining the formation of dross during treatment were brought forward. The casting properties, metallographic structure, mechanical and physical properties and machining performance of VGCI, as well as the relationships between them, have all been studied in detail. The Chinese Standards for VGCI and VGCI metallographic structure have been issued. In China, the primary crystallization of VGCI has been studied by many researchers and scholars. The properties of VGCI can be improved by heat treatment and addition of alloying elements enabling its applications to be further expanded. Hundreds of kinds of VGCI castings have been produced and used in vehicles, engines,mining equipment, metallurgical products serviced under alternating thermal load, machinery, hydraulic components, textile machine parts and military applications. The heaviest VGCI casting produced is 38 tons and the lightest is only 1 kg.Currently, the annual production of the VGCI in China is about 200 000 tons. The majority of castings are made from cupola iron without pre-treatment, however, they are also produced from electric furnaces and by duplex melting from cupolaelectric furnaces or blast furnace-electric furnace. Examples of typical applications for VGCI castings are introduced in this paper. In China, the technologies such as rapid testing of the molten metal and non-destructive testing of casting microstructure still need to be improved. Several proposals are put forward in this paper in order to improve the production of VGCI.Generally speaking, in China, the research, production, and application of vermicular graphite cast iron are at the same level as in other developed countries and in some fields China even takes lead. (332 references and 5 Tables)     

The forty years of vermicular graphite cast iron development in China (Part Ⅰ)

In China, the research and development of vermicular graphite cast iron (VGCI) as a new type of engineering material, were started in the same period as in other developed countries; however, its actual industrial application was even earlier. In China, the deep and intensive studies on VGCI began as early as the 1960s. According to the incomplete statistics to date, more than 600 papers on VGCI have been published by Chinese researchers and scholars at national and international conferences, and in technical journals. More than ten types of production methods and more than thirty types of treatment alloy have been studied. Formulae for calculating the critical addition of treatment alloy required to produce VGCI have been put forward, and mechanisms for explaining the formation of dross during treatment were brought forward. The casting properties, metallographic structure, mechanical and physical properties and machining performance of VGCI, as well as the relationships between them, have all been studied in detail. The Chinese Standards for VGCI and VGCI metallographic structure have been issued. In China, the primary crystallization of VGCI has been studied by many researchers and scholars. The properties of VGCI can be improved by heat treatment and addition of alloying elements enabling its applications to be further expanded. Hundreds of kinds of VGCI castings have been produced and used in vehicles, engines, mining equipment, metallurgical products serviced under alternating thermal load, machinery, hydraulic components, textile machine parts and military applications. The heaviest VGCI casting produced is 38 tons and the lightest is only 1 kg. Currently, the annual production of the VGCI in China is about 200 000 tons. The majority of castings are made from cupola iron without pre-treatment, however, they are also produced from electric furnaces and by duplex melting from cupola-electric furnaces or blast furnace-electric furnace. Examples of typical applications for VGCI castings are introduced in this paper. In China, the technologies such as rapid testing of the molten metal and non-destructive testing of casting microstructure still need to be improved. Several proposals are put forward in this paper in order to improve the production of VGCI. Generally speaking, in China, the research, production, and application of vermicular graphite cast iron are at the same level as in other developed countries and in some fields China even takes lead. (332 references and 5 Tables)