蠕化率对蠕墨铸铁热疲劳行为的影响

采用V型缺口试样,通过对试样反复加热冷却,研究了不同蠕化率(55%、70%、90%)对蠕墨铸铁热疲劳行为的影响。结果表明,随着蠕化率的增加,蠕墨铸铁的抗热疲劳性能先升高后降低,当蠕化率为70%时,蠕墨铸铁抗热疲劳性能最佳。不同蠕化率,蠕墨铸铁的裂纹萌生和扩展机制具有显著差异。当蠕化率90%时,在V型缺口裂纹萌生明显,主裂纹沿着蠕虫状石墨生成二次裂纹,最后V型缺口凹陷成崩塌趋势;而蠕化率70%和55%时,V型缺口附近裂纹明显减少,仅在球状石墨尖端部位和基体组织产生少量微小裂纹,且裂纹没有明显扩展,产生裂纹倾向低,V型缺口凹陷未形成崩塌。     

不同基体组织的蠕墨铸铁热疲劳性能的研究

采用板状带V型缺口的试样，研究了蠕墨铸铁的基体组织对其热疲劳性能的影响。结果表明，当热循环温度的上限超过珠光体相组织变化温度时，蠕墨铸铁的热疲劳性能随基体组织中珠光体量的增加而下降；相反，当热循环温度的上限低于珠光体相组织变化温度时，稳定的珠光体组织可以有效地阻止热疲劳裂纹的扩展，蠕墨铸铁的热疲劳性能会随基体组织中珠光体量的增加而增强。     

蠕墨铸铁缸体生产工艺研究

蠕墨铸铁是20世纪70年代投入工业应用的一种新型铸铁材料,其最大的性能优势是具有优良的热疲劳性能,适合于许多在热服役条件下工作的零部件.目前,欧洲及北美地区对蠕墨铸铁在发动机关键铸件上的应用高度重视.我国对蠕墨铸铁的应用还不很广泛,关键的问题是蠕墨铸铁存在着铸造生产工艺难点,要想生产出符合发动机铸件要求的高质量的蠕墨铸铁不是一件容易的事[1～4].     

蠕墨铸铁的最新发展

综述了近几年来蠕墨铸铁在世界上的发展与应用,蠕墨铸铁的综合性能及先进铸造技术的发展,可使蠕墨铸铁汽缸体单位功率的重量小于铝合金缸体,而耐高温性能等远优于铝缸体,成为内燃机缸体的首选材料.比较了国内外蠕墨铸铁标准的差异,关键还在于国内对蠕墨铸铁件的蠕化率要求太低.在列述蠕墨铸铁生产技术时,认为用纯镁及喂线法进行蠕化是今后获得蠕墨铸铁的主要方法.     

铜对蠕墨铸铁组织和性能的影响

蠕墨铸铁具有独特的石墨形态,高的含碳量(CE=4.0～4.8),因而兼有灰铸铁和球墨铸铁一些优点,即具有良好的综合性能。我们从1980年开始,对Cu、Cr、Mo、B、Sn、Mn、Ti、W、P等元素在蠕墨铸铁中的作用进行了试验研究。研究表明,蠕墨铸铁在     

蠕墨铸铁的生产与应用

叙述了用REMgTiSiFe合金作蠕化剂生产蠕墨铸铁的工艺过程.研制出了可使含硫量为0.04％及0.07％的原铁液稳定地生产出蠕墨铸铁的蠕化剂.讨论了蠕化剂中某些元素对蠕墨铸铁的影响,并分析了蠕墨铸铁的铸造性能.     

中硅钼耐热蠕墨铸铁性能的研究

本文研究了中硅钼耐热蠕墨铸铁的高温与常温性能,并与球墨和片墨铸铁作了比较。试验表明,中硅钼蠕墨铸铁的常温和高温抗拉性能、抗氧化性能接近球墨铸铁,远优于灰铁。热疲劳性能优于球墨铸铁和灰铸铁。     

硅对蠕墨铸铁热分析特征值及蠕化率的影响

试验设计了 5种不同硅含量的蠕墨铸铁铁液,分析了硅含量对蠕墨铸铁凝固的热分析曲线特征值TEU、TER、△Tr和蠕墨铸铁蠕化率的影响.试验结果表明:(1)在本次试验的硅含量范围内,蠕墨铸铁热分析曲线的特征值TEU和TER先是随着硅的增加而上升,然后,变化不明显;(2)蠕墨铸铁共晶温度回升特征值△Tr随着硅含量的增加呈下降...     

我国蠕墨铸铁的现状及展望

回顾总结自2005年召开的全国蠕墨铸铁技术及应用研讨会以来,我国蠕墨铸铁发展取得的成绩、进展.介绍有关蠕墨铸铁两项新的国家标准的颁布情况,以及内燃机蠕墨铸铁缸体的研制情况.建议以内燃机蠕墨铸铁缸体的应用为契机扩大蠕墨铸铁的应用范围,加快我国蠕墨铸铁的发展.并对我国蠕墨铸铁的发展提出了几点建议.     

蠕墨铸铁在铝锭模生产中的应用

介绍了铝锭模的工作条件、性能要求和蠕墨铸铁铝锭模的生产方法,比较了蠕黑铸铁、灰铸铁和球墨铸铁的静载力学性能、高温力学性能和耐热疲劳性能,认为蠕墨铸铁材料用作铝锭模材料较为合适.生产实践证明:用作铝锭模材料,蠕墨铸铁使用寿命是灰铸铁(HT250)和耐热铸铁(RTSi5)的6倍、是球墨铸铁的2倍多.     

石墨蠕化率对蠕墨铸铁受热变形趋势的影响

通过模拟蠕墨铸铁制动受热变形试验,采用薄片试样,模拟列车蠕墨铸铁制动盘使用时的受力情况,设计受热变形试验工装,给予试样两端一个相同的、较小的变形量(弹性变形范围内),模拟列车制动工况温度150℃,加热保温30 h,自然冷却后,在自由状态下测量试样的永久变形量,对试验数据进行统计分析,通过重复做多组试验来研究不同石墨蠕化...     

Different thermal fatigue behaviors between gray cast iron and vermicular graphite cast iron

The initiation and propagation of thermal fatigue cracks in gray cast iron and vemicular graphite cast iron were investigated by Uddeholm method to reveal the complex thermal fatigue behaviors of cast iron. Differences of thermal fatigue behaviors of gray cast iron and vemicular graphite cast iron were observed and analyzed. It is found that the observed differences are related to the combination of graphite morphology and the oxidization of matrix. More oxidized matrix is observed in gray cast iron due to its large specific surface area. The brittle oxidized matrix facilitates the propagation of microcracks along the oxidization layer. By contrast, the radial microcracks are formed in vermicular graphite at the edge of graphite due to fewer oxidization layers. It indicates that the thermal fatigue resistance of gray cast iron is dominated by graphite content and morphology while that of vermicular graphite cast iron strongly relates to the strength of the matrix.

     

50%～30%中、低蠕化率铸铁的性能及应用

综述了灰铁、蠕铁和球铁中的石墨形态与其力学性能及热力学性能的关系。铸铁材料的实际性能是随着蠕化率或球化率的变化而变化,也就是随着球状、团状、团絮状、蠕虫状石墨的数量比例变化而变化的;中、低蠕化率(蠕化率50%～30%,即球化率50%～70%)铸铁处于由蠕铁向球铁变化的中、后段,具有优于球铁的铸造性能、致密性、导热性、减震性和切削加工性能,同时具有优于高蠕化率蠕铁的常温和高温力学性能。指出中、低蠕化率铸铁适用于需要较高强度和冷热疲劳性能的场合。     

Effects of cooling rate on vermicular graphite percentage in a brake drum produced by onestep cored wire injection

In this research, a vermicular graphite cast iron brake drum was produced by cored wire injection in a one-step method. Silica sand and low-density alumina-silicate ceramic were used as molding materials in order to investigate the effect of cooling rate on percentage of vermicular graphite and mechanical properties of the brake drum casting. Several thermocouples were inserted into the casting in the desired positions to measure the temperature change. By means of one-step cored wire injection, the two residual concentrations of Mg and RE were effectively controlled in the ranges of 0.013%-0.017% and 0.019%-0.025%, respectively, which are crucial for the production of vermicular graphite cast iron and the formation of vermicular graphite. In addition, the cooling rate had a significant effect on the vermicular graphite percentage. In the case of the silica mold brake drum casting, there was an obvious difference in the cooling rate with the wall change, leading to a change in vermicular graphite percentage from 70.8% to 90%. In the low-density alumina-silicate ceramic mold casting, no obvious change in temperature was detected by the thermocouples and the percentage of the vermicular graphite was stable at 85%. Therefore, the vermicular graphite cast iron brake drum with a better combination of mechanical properties could be obtained.     

Development of compacted vermicular graphite cast iron for railway brake discs

In the case of employing brake discs as a key component of mechanical brake equipment, the initiation of thermal cracking owing to repetitive thermal shock generated during braking may potentially lead to higher maintenance costs, worsened braking performance, and greater risk of railway accidents. The purpose of this study is to gain basic data to facilitate application of compacted vermicular (C. V.) graphite cast iron to brake discs in order to obtain high thermal crack resistance and improved lifetime. To this end, this study developed three types of C. V. graphite cast iron with differing content of key elements, including Ni, Cr, and Mo. Each test specimen underwent numerous tests for evaluation of materials characteristics, and the results were compared with those obtained for existing materials. The test results show that the thermal fatigue lifetime of material C is nearly double that of the conventional material. This demonstrates the suitability of material C as a material for brake discs in mid- to high-speed railway vehicles.     

高强度D型石墨铸铁的研究进展

综述了灰铸铁中产生D型石墨的原因，D型石墨对灰铸铁性能的影响以及D型石墨灰铸铁的应用。国内外的研究表明：深过冷，在灰铸铁中加入提高过冷度的合金元素（钛，铝，锑，碲，稀土元素等）或者二者的结合都会促进生成D型石墨；D型石墨灰铸铁具有较高的强度，较好的抗氧化性，抗生长性，抗热疲劳性和耐磨性；D型石墨灰铸铁已经广泛用于生产玻璃模具，压缩机缸体，压缩机曲轴等铸件。笔者还介绍了采用钒钛生铁生产的D型石墨合金铸铁凸轮轴的性能特点及其应用情况。     

稀土蠕化剂对蠕墨铸铁石墨形态和性能的影响

对以云南地方生铁为主要炉料的铁液,搭配使用稀土硅铁合金和稀土镁合金作为蠕化剂,研究了稀土蠕化剂加入量对蠕墨铸铁石墨形态和性能的影响。研究结果表明,随着稀土蠕化剂加入量的增加,铁液中稀土残留量逐渐增加,石墨形态从片状逐渐向球状过渡,抗拉强度和硬度逐渐上升。实践证明,通过合适的蠕化处理工艺,云南地方生铁铁液可以获得组织和性能较为理想的蠕墨铸铁。     

High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior and Related Mechanism of RuT400 Vermicular Graphite Iron

The vermicular graphite iron is an important material with excellent combination properties for cylinder heads of diesel engines, and the high-temperature oxidation is a crucial problem during service of the component. In this study, the oxidation experiment of RuT400 vermicular graphite iron was performed at 500 °C, and the oxidation time was chosen as 100 h, 200 h, 300 h, 400 h, and 500 h, respectively. Meanwhile, the corresponding microstructure evolution, oxidation kinetics, and oxidation mechanism were discussed. It is found that oxidation pores and oxide layer often appear at the vermicular graphite on the specimen surface; the vermicular graphite plays the role of oxidation channel, and it tends to diffuse along the adjacent pearlite and then connect with each other to form oxidation bridges as the oxidation time prolongs. A linear relationship between oxidation weight gain and the thickness of the oxide layer was established and verified well. These results will give a more comprehensive understanding on the oxidation mechanism of vermicular graphite iron and provide certain guidance for design and preparation of anti-oxidation cast irons.     

变温条件下石墨形态对缸套铸铁磨损性能的影响

为了研究缸套铸铁材料石墨形态对其磨损过程的影响,选取了灰铸铁、蠕墨铸铁和球墨铸铁3种具有不同石墨形态的铸铁材料为研究对象,分别在不同温度下对其进行了干摩擦磨损实验。结果表明:灰铸铁的摩擦系数及磨损量随温度的上升而上升,而蠕墨铸铁及球墨铸铁随温度的上升呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势;常温下灰铸铁的摩擦系数及磨损量最大,耐磨性能最差;高温时灰铸铁的摩擦系数及磨损量仍然最大,蠕墨铸铁的摩擦系数大于球墨铸铁,但磨损量最小,耐磨性能最优。