A(H1N1)流感病毒及抗病毒新药的筛选

A(H1N1)流感病毒是2009年3～4月在美国和墨西哥发现的一种流感病毒变异的新病毒株.这类流感疫情的蔓延引起了世界各国和世界卫生组织的严重关注.本文介绍了A(H1N1)流感新病毒株及感染这种病毒患者的症状,A(H1N1)流感病毒的致命力和传播,流感病毒变异对抗病毒药的抗药性,以及1918年流感大流行病毒聚合酶特性,人流感病毒和禽流感病毒聚合酶的结晶结构及其在感染中的作用.据此,提出了抗流感病毒药的筛选思路和研究方向,为抗流感病毒新药的设计和开发提供有益的参考.     

A(H1N1)流感病毒及抗病毒新药的筛选

A(H1N1)流感病毒是2009年3~4月在美国和墨西哥发现的一种流感病毒变异的新病毒株。这类流感疫情的蔓延引起了世界各国和世界卫生组织的严重关注。本文介绍了A(H1N1)流感新病毒株及感染这种病毒患者的症状,A(H1N1)流感病毒的致命力和传播,流感病毒变异对抗病毒药的抗药性,以及1918年流感大流行病毒聚合酶特性,人流感病毒和禽流感病毒聚合酶的结晶结构及其在感染中的作用。据此,提出了抗流感病毒药的筛选思路和研究方向,为抗流感病毒新药的设计和开发提供有益的参考。     

流感病毒的演变传播及抗病毒药物和疫苗的研究进展

A（H1N1）流感病毒是2009年3-4月在美国和墨西哥发现的一种流感病毒变异的新病毒株。这类流感疫情的蔓延引起了世界各国和世界卫生组织的严重关注。本文介绍了A（H1N1）流感新病毒株及感染这种病毒患者的症状,A（H1N1）流感病毒的致命力和传播,流感病毒变异对抗病毒药的抗药性,以及1918年流感大流行病毒聚合酶特性,人流感病毒和禽流感病毒聚合酶的结晶结构及其在感染中的作用。据此,提出了抗流感病毒药的筛选思路和研究方向,为抗流感病毒新药的设计和开发提供有益的参考。     

新疆琐琐葡萄提取物抗流感病毒A(H1N1)亚型作用研究

目的对新疆琐琐葡萄提取物抗流感病毒A(H1N1)亚型作用进行研究。方法1.采用狗肾传代细胞培养法和MTT法研究新疆琐琐葡萄多糖、琐琐葡萄总黄酮、琐琐葡萄总三萜对抗流感病毒A(H1N1)型作用。2.采用Read-muench法计算流感病毒A(H1N1)型在狗肾传代细胞中的半数感染量。3.通过观察细胞病变(CPE)、计算细胞病变CPE抑制率、MTT法测定药物对细胞的保护率等来评价琐琐葡萄多糖、总黄酮、总三萜的抗流感病毒效果。结果琐琐葡萄总黄酮的最大无毒作用浓度(TC0)为20μg/ml,琐琐葡萄总三萜的TC0为1500μg/ml。体外细胞试验中,琐琐葡萄黄酮、多糖提取物表现出对病毒的直接抑制作用,但是琐琐葡萄三萜提取物和利巴韦林(阳性对照)此作用不明显。体外细胞试验中,琐琐葡萄黄酮、多糖、三萜提取物均表现出对感染细胞后病毒的抑制作用,三萜的抑制效果要强于黄酮和多糖,利巴韦林的抑制作用强于黄酮、多糖、三萜。结论新疆特色植物资源—琐琐葡萄提取物抗流感病毒A(H1N1)亚型的作用是多途径的,琐琐葡萄总黄酮、琐琐葡萄多酚、琐琐葡萄三萜分别表现出对流感病毒A(H1N1)亚型感染细胞前、感染细胞后的抑制作用,以及直接抑制作用...     

增强免疫力预防甲型H1N1流感的保健饮食

1918年的流感大流行虽已过去90多年,但现仍不时地滋扰着人类.甲型H3N2流感病毒是流行循环中季节性流感最主要的类型[1].2009年3～4月美国和墨西哥发现了流感病毒变异的新型流感,世界卫生组织(WHO)定名为甲型H1N1流感[2],6月中旬WHO将流感警戒从5级升至最高级6级,宣布甲型H1N1流感大流行.入冬以来,全球甲型H1N1流感暴发第2波,防控流感形势严峻.     

甲型流感H1N1病毒遗传进化关系分析

探讨研究当前流行性甲型流感H1N1病毒与已知人流感H1N1病毒、禽流感H1N1病毒,猪流感H1N1病毒之间的遗传进化关系,对7株甲型H1N1、32株已知人流感H1N1、18株禽流感H1N1、33株猪流感H1N1病毒的基因组各基因片段分别进行基因序列遗传进化分析,选取同源性高的毒株构建进化树.结果显示,新型人流感病毒A型H1N1中HA,MP、NA,NP、NS、PB1基因片段与猪流感病毒分离株有很高的同源性,而PA、PB2基因与禽流感病毒分离株同源性较高.     

预防流感，提高人体免疫力是关键

甲型H1N1病毒．从严格意义上讲也是一种人流感病毒。它属于是A型流感病毒。携带有H1N1亚型猪流感病毒毒株．包含有禽流感,猪流感和人流感三种流感病毒的脱氧核糖核酸基因片断．同时拥有亚洲猪流感和非洲猪流感病毒特征。简单地说,甲型H1N1病毒是“禽猪人流感三合一”进化型。     

H1N1流感病毒的HA、NA蛋白序列进化树

为了从本质上揭示H1N1病毒分子的变异、流感流行等关系,提出一种构建H1N1型流感病毒进化树的新方法。在1902—2013年全球22 455条H1N1型流感病毒HA蛋白序列和16444条NA蛋白序列数据的基础上,利用其特征向量构建基于内积的蛋白序列相似度;采用基于相似度的完全聚类图的方法进行数据系统粗粒化的相似信息提取;最后,利用基于模糊邻近关系的结构聚类方法构建H1N1型禽流感病毒HA、NA蛋白序列的进化树及算法研究。试验结果表明:H1N1病毒的变异不仅与爆发时间密切相关,还与所分布地域及地域间的距离有很大关系,且分布地域间的距离越近,爆发的病毒进化的相似程度越高。因此这种基于大数据处理的新方法能有效揭示流感病毒的进化关系,为进一步研究流感病毒的变异、进化与预测奠定了基础。     

增强免疫力预防甲型H1N1流感的保健饮食

1918年的流感大流行虽已过去90多年,但现仍不时地滋扰着人类.甲型H3N2流感病毒是流行循环中季节性流感最主要的类型[1].2009年3～4月美国和墨西哥发现了流感病毒变异的新型流感,世界卫生组织(WHO)定名为甲型H1N1流感[2],6月中旬WHO将流感警戒从5级升至最高级6级,宣布甲型H1N1流感大流行.入冬以来,全球甲型H1N1流感暴发第2波,防控流感形势严峻.     

甲型H1N1流感：不必惊慌 却需严防

近来,在美国和墨西哥发生人感染甲型H1N1流感病毒疫情,世界卫生组织已宣布此次疫情为”具有国际影响的公共卫生紧急事态”,并称所有国家都应加强对非正常暴发的流感类疾病和严重肺炎的监控。随着5月1日香港确认我国首宗甲型H1N1流感个案．我国各级政府和人民也进入了预防甲型H1N1流感的紧急状态。目前,加强对公众防控人感染甲型H1N1流感病毒的健康知识宣传,提高公众的自我保护能力成为第一要务。     

中药抗流感病毒活性研究方法发展现状

中药在流感治疗方面发挥着独特的优势,临床应用广泛.随着生命科学技术的发展及中药化学物质基础的深入研究,中药抗流感病毒活性和作用机制的研究方法 也在不断发展.本文综述了中药抗流感病毒活性体内外研究模型和分析技术发展现状,以冀为相关研究提供理论参考.     

Short communication: Antiviral activity of subcritical water extract of Brassica juncea against influenza virus A/H1N1 in nonfat milk

Subcritical water extract (SWE) of Brassica juncea was studied for antiviral effects against influenza virus A/H1N1 and for the possibility of application as a nonfat milk supplement for use as an “antiviral food.” At maximum nontoxic concentrations, SWE had higher antiviral activity against influenza virus A/H1N1 than n-hexane, ethanol, or hot water (80°C) extracts. Addition of 0.5 mg/mL of B. juncea SWE to culture medium led to 50.35% cell viability (% antiviral activity) for Madin-Darby canine kidney cells infected with influenza virus A/H1N1. Nonfat milk supplemented with 0.28 mg/mL of B. juncea SWE showed 39.62% antiviral activity against influenza virus A/H1N1. Thus, the use of B. juncea SWE as a food supplement might aid in protection from influenza viral infection.     

流感病毒的演变传播及抗病毒药物和疫苗的研究进展

流感病毒是引起人类流感的传染性病毒.1918年流感风暴席卷全球,至今仍为挥之不去的梦魇.本文综述了流感病毒的演变,在世界的传播路线和流感病毒"劫持"人体细胞的新机制,以及抗流感病毒新药和新型流感疫苗的研究进展.神经氨酸苷酶抑制剂的应用和新型流感疫苗的研制成功将为预防和治疗流感开拓广阔的前景.     

甲型H1N1流感病毒三维空间结构预测

采用从头计算思想,用改良的遗传算法对甲型H1N1流感病毒的蛋白质空间结构进行预测研究。基于蛋白质空间结构的HP模型,构建甲型H1N1流感病毒蛋白质空间结构的3DHP模型,并利用改良的遗传算法找到最小自由能结构,从而预测得到甲型H1N1流感病毒蛋白质三维空间结构。利用蛋白质空间结构数据建立距离矩阵,通过相关性分析和显著性检验,表明预测结构与已知结构存在高度的一致性。该模型提供了一种快速预测甲型H1N1流感病毒结构的方法。     

Anti‐influenza virus activity of extract of Japanese wasabi leaves discarded in summer

BACKGROUND: Japanese wasabi (Wasabia japonica) is now habitually used as a spice in some kinds of Japanese foods, and its pungent taste and flavor are preferred. Generally, rhizomes and winter leaves are used as a spice and for processed foods such as pickled wasabi. Since the leaf area of summer leaves is far greater than that of winter leaves, they are not used for food, and are discarded. Thus, we need to develop an effective use for summer leaves. We investigated anti‐influenza virus activity in these summer leaves as a new function. RESULTS: Seventy percent ethanol extracts of leaves harvested in July exhibited a high replication inhibition rate (98% or higher) in the type A strain (AH1N1, A/shimane/48/2002), its subtype (AH3N2, A/shimane/122/2002), and type B strain (B/shimane/2/2002). The extracts of summer leaves exhibited the same anti‐influenza virus activity as winter leaves, and showed a stronger activity than stems, roots, and rhizomes. CONCLUSION: A potent anti‐influenza virus activity was discovered in summer leaves of Japanese wasabi. The ethanol extracts inhibited influenza virus replication regardless of the hemagglutinin antigen type. Therefore, such extracts are expected to be a promising source of a novel anti‐influenza virus agent. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effects of yogurt containing probiotics on respiratory virus infections: Influenza H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2

Respiratory virus infections are an escalating issue and have become common worldwide. Influenza and COVID-19 are typical infectious respiratory diseases, and they sometimes lead to various complications. In a situation in which no established drug or treatment exists, consumption of proper food might be beneficial in maintaining health against external infections. We studied the potential effects of mixtures of probiotic strains on various viral infections. The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of yogurt containing probiotics to reduce the risk of respiratory viruses such as influenza H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 infection. First, we performed in vitro tests using infected Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and Vero E6 cells, to evaluate the potential effects of yogurt containing high-dose probiotics against influenza H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 infection. The yogurt significantly reduced plaque formation in the virus-infected cells. We also performed in vivo tests using influenza H1N1-infected C57BL/6 mice and SARS-CoV-2-infected Syrian golden hamsters, to evaluate the potential effects of yogurt. Yogurt was administered orally once daily during the experimental period. Yogurt was also administered orally as pretreatment once daily for 3 wk before viral infection. Regarding influenza H1N1, it was found that yogurt caused an increase in the survival rate, body weight, and IFN-γ, IgG1, and IL-10 levels against viral infection and a decrease in the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. Although the SARS-CoV-2 copy number was not significantly reduced in the lungs of yogurt-treated SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters, the body weights and histopathological findings of the lungs were improved in the yogurt-treated group. In conclusion, we suggest that consumption of yogurt containing probiotics can lead to beneficial effects to prevent respiratory viral infections.     

Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1 feeding enhances humoral immune responses,which are suppressed by the antiviral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir in influenza A virus–infected mice

Antiviral neuraminidase inhibitors, such as oseltamivir, zanamivir, and peramivir, are widely used for treatment of influenza virus infection. We reported previously that oseltamivir inhibits the viral growth cycle, ameliorates symptoms, and reduces viral antigen quantities. Suppressed viral antigen production, however, induces a reduction of acquired antiviral humoral immunity, and increases the incidence of re-infection rate in the following year. To achieve effective treatment of influenza virus infection, it is necessary to overcome these adverse effects of antiviral neuraminidase inhibitors. Feeding of yogurt fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) OLL1073R-1 is reported to have immune-stimulatory effects on influenza virus infection in mice and humans. In the present study, we assessed the effect of feeding L. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1 yogurt cultures (YC) on local and systemic humoral immune responses, which were suppressed by oseltamivir treatment, in mice infected with influenza A virus. Yogurt culture (1.14 × 10⁸ cfu/0.4 mL per mouse per day) or sterile water (vehicle) was administered by intragastric gavage for 35 d. At d 22, influenza A virus/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) (PR8; 0.5 pfu/15 μL per mouse) was instilled intranasally, followed immediately by oral administration of oseltamivir (50 μg/100 μL per mouse, twice daily) or 5% methylcellulose (100 μL/mouse) as a vehicle for 13 d. Titers of anti-PR8-specific IgG and IgA in serum and mucosal secretory IgA (S-IgA) and IgG in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analyzed by ELISA at 14 d after infection. Oseltamivir significantly suppressed the induction of anti-PR8-specific IgG and IgA in serum and S-IgA and IgG in BALF after infection. Feeding YC mildly but significantly stimulated production of PR8-specific IgA in serum, S-IgA in BALF, and IgG in serum without changing the IgG_2a:IgG₁ ratio. We analyzed the neutralizing activities against PR8 in serum and BALF and found that oseltamivir also reduced protective immunity, and YC feeding abrogated this effect. The immune-stimulatory tendency of YC on anti-PR8-specific IgA and IgG titers in serum and BALF was also detected in mice re-infected with PR8, but the effect was insignificant, unlike the effect of YC in the initial infection.