QA活动的理解与实施

质量保证（QA）活动是软件能力成熟度（CMMI）实施中较难得到贯彻的过程。针对目前国内的QA过程实施情况,从QA的地位、原则、活动、实施等方面进行了阐述;同时讨论了QA与质量控制（QC）、测试之间的关系;以及实施QA活动的最佳实践,为组织实施过程改进提供了基础。     

QC080000和ISO9001的关系

在QC080000管理体系文件的前言部份就说明了,这个管理体系是与ISO9001：2000架构一致的品质管理系统补充文件。它的目标是使管理和控制更完整、系统化及透明,以达到不含有害物质。QC080000管理体系建立在ISO9001：2000之上,ISO9001体系认证是QC080000认证的前提条件,这两个标准是完全兼容的。     

软件行业质量保证与MECE原则结合的实践

基于MECE“相互独立,完全穷尽”原则,对质量保证(QA)工作中的问题进行分析,并建立逻辑分析树,将历史积累的QA问题从过程监控角度分出五大类以度量分析,从而帮助QA确立质量管理活动中相对的优先级,有利于QA更加有针对性地采取措施进行质量保证过程的监察和纠正.     

提高QC活动普及率

本期推出厦门华联推浪圈QC小组,紧密围绕公司经营方针和用户需求,为切实提高员工素质,鼓励更多员工参与群众性质量管理活动,拓展QC活动领域,提高活动普及率,以QC活动为攻关主题,专挑QC活动的“剌”,促使QC知识得到普及和更新,QC培训覆盖全面,小组活动率达85％以上,QC成果日见增多,全公司效益突出!业绩喜人。 推浪圈QC小组事迹,值得同道学习,如果企业都能有该小组的质量改进精神,全面普及QC活动,全员参与QC实践,那实现企业的经济效益目标,就一定是指日可待。     

QC小组活动是质量管理体系有效运行的基石和支柱

我国自1978年开始,在各行各业推行并开展了以提高质量、降低消耗、提高经济效益和人员素质为主旨的QC小组活动。由于它的群众性和科学性,在各行各业中取得了十分可喜的成绩,QC小组活动日益发展,成果大量涌现。对我国经济的发展及全民素质的提高起到了积极的促进作用。     

可实现动态调试、检测和质量保证的综合诊断测试方案

企业级设备软件诊断解决方案Wind River Lab Diagnostics可实现设备软件开发过程中多职能开发小组合作开发工作的程序动态调试、检测和质量保证（QA）。     

硬派时尚

QA机器人 当你忙得焦头烂额的时候,是不是特想有个分身替你去做一些事情？来自ANYBOTS的机器人QA或许能帮助你。你只要有一台能上网的电脑和一个带话筒的耳机,     

浅谈供电企业的QC小组活动

QC小组是质量管理与创新活动最有效的一种组织形式,同时QC小组活动又是企业实现全方位质量管理和万众创新的基本途径.对于供电企业来说,有效开展QC小组活动,能够较好地提升工作质量、解决实际问题、激发创新热情、促进员工成长、获得更高效益.充分利用QC小组活动来加强企业各方面的建设,促进企业又快又好发展,可以说是百利而无一害.本文主要介绍供电企业QC小组活动的相关内容,希望对相关管理者、工作者有所帮助.     

电位器整定的定时器专用电路QA640896/QA640892B

QA640896和QA640892B是台湾宏太科技研制的定时器专用IC。利用它可以组成精确的守时控制电路，而且设计简单，调试方便。文中介绍了该器件的主要特点，参数，功能和控制方法，给出了这两种器件的典型应用电路。     

对PDK实现程序化QA的难点处理

本文主要研究了如何利用SKILL汇编语言实现对PDK程序化QA,并且以MOS管为例,着重介绍了在实现自动化QA过程中出现的主要问题以及有关难点的解决方法。从而可以得出,PDK的QA是一项非常复杂化的设计工作,需要一套行之有效的设计开发流程。不仅需要对大量的参数进行处理,同时对PDK中每一项参数的变化也需要进行验证,量化,进而对整个数据包进行系统建模,整体验证等等。     

接近零不合格过程的质量分析及控制探讨

该文对提高接近零不合格过程的质量分析和控制的准确性及效率进行探讨,提出对接近零不合格过程的质量分析首先应根据产品质量要求和过程能力要求选择合适的aσ,且要与接近零不合格过程的控制的程度相适应,然后利用传统的统计过程控翩(SPC)的方法对过程进行质量分析和控制,使过程处于受控状态或良好的受控状态,同时利用该状态时的不合格...     

工厂质量保证能力体系建设

本文通过对质量控制程序的建立，介绍了工厂质量保证能力体系建设的内容。     

军用软件测试文档生成设计与实现

软件测试是软件研发过程中非常重要的环节,是保证软件质量,提高软件可靠性的重要手,使用HP公司的测试管理工具Quality Center(以下简称QC),在测试过程中对测试用例和测试缺陷进行有效管理,确保了测试资产的积累和重用,为了使其应用更加适应军用软件的测试过程,针对QC软件进行二次开发,实现可自动化生成符合军用软件测试要求的测试文档.在二次开发过程中,追求以用为主的指导技术路线,使测试过程管理、测试产品管理和测试人员管理更加符合我们的实际工作,使测试工作的效率显著提升,起到事半功倍的效果.     

Quasi-cyclic LDPC codes using overlapping matrices and their layered decoders

Quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have the parity-check matrices consisting of circulant matrices. Since QC LDPC codes whose parity-check matrices consist of only circulant permutation matrices are difficult to support layered decoding and, at the same time, have a good degree distribution with respect to error correcting performance, adopting multi-weight circulant matrices to parity-check matrices is useful but it has not been much researched. In this paper, we propose a new code structure for QC LDPC codes with multi-weight circulant matrices by introducing overlapping matrices. This structure enables a system to operate on dual mode in an efficient manner, that is, a standard QC LDPC code is used when the channel is relatively good and an enhanced QC LDPC code adopting an overlapping matrix is used otherwise. We also propose a new dual mode parallel decoder which supports the layered decoding both for the standard QC LDPC codes and the enhanced QC LDPC codes. Simulation results show that QC LDPC codes with the proposed structure have considerably improved error correcting performance and decoding throughput.     

Characterization of residual information for SeaWinds quality control

Recent work has shown the important properties of the wind inversion residual or maximum-likelihood estimator (MLE) for quality Control (QC) of QuikSCAT Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) observations. Since March 2000, the QuikSCAT near-real-time (NRT) Binary Universal Format Representation (BUFR) product is available. As this product is used for numerical weather prediction (NWP) assimilation purposes, a QC procedure for the BUFR product is needed. We study the behavior of the MLE in order to determine whether the HDF QC procedure is appropriate for BUFR data. A comparison using real HDF and BUFR data reveals that the MLE distributions of HDF and BUFR differ and are actually poorly correlated. One important difference between BUFR and HDF is the amount of signal averaging prior to wind inversion. The averaging reduces the number of observations used in the wind retrieval for the BUFR product as compared to HDF. We show with a simple example that different MLE distributions are indeed expected due to this averaging. We also run a simulation in order to link theory and reality and better understand the behavior of the MLE. Despite the different MLE behavior in BUFR and HDF, the quality of the retrieved winds, as compared with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts winds, is very similar. We develop an MLE-based QC procedure for BUFR, similarly to the one in HDF, and we compare both. The skill of the QC in BUFR is again very similar to the one in HDF, showing that despite the different MLE behavior in both formats, the properties of the MLE as a QC indicator remain very similar.     

Survey of information theory in visual quality assessment

We survey information theoretic approaches to solve a variety of visual quality assessment (QA) problems. These approaches are generally built on natural scene statistical models and lead to practical automatic QA algorithms delivering excellent performance in terms of correlation with human judgments of quality. We study all three categories of image QA models: full reference (FR), reduced reference (RR) and no reference (NR) image QA, as well as FR video QA and information weighting strategies for FR image and video QA. We demonstrate the application of information theory in each of these problems. Each of these problems presents its own challenges in the design of information theoretic QA indices leading to different algorithms under different scenarios. In the algorithms, we survey, FR image and video QA algorithms are based on mutual information or conditional Kolmogorov complexities; RR image QA algorithms either use relative entropy or entropic differences, while the NR QA algorithm applies Rényi entropy, and the weighting strategies rely on mutual information. We also discuss various open research questions, particularly in the realm of NR image QA and all classes of video QA.     

Image information and visual quality.

Measurement of visual quality is of fundamental importance to numerous image and video processing applications. The goal of quality assessment (QA) research is to design algorithms that can automatically assess the quality of images or videos in a perceptually consistent manner. Image QA algorithms generally interpret image quality as fidelity or similarity with a "reference" or "perfect" image in some perceptual space. Such "full-reference" QA methods attempt to achieve consistency in quality prediction by modeling salient physiological and psychovisual features of the human visual system (HVS), or by signal fidelity measures. In this paper, we approach the image QA problem as an information fidelity problem. Specifically, we propose to quantify the loss of image information to the distortion process and explore the relationship between image information and visual quality. QA systems are invariably involved with judging the visual quality of "natural" images and videos that are meant for "human consumption." Researchers have developed sophisticated models to capture the statistics of such natural signals. Using these models, we previously presented an information fidelity criterion for image QA that related image quality with the amount of information shared between a reference and a distorted image. In this paper, we propose an image information measure that quantifies the information that is present in the reference image and how much of this reference information can be extracted from the distorted image. Combining these two quantities, we propose a visual information fidelity measure for image QA. We validate the performance of our algorithm with an extensive subjective study involving 779 images and show that our method outperforms recent state-of-the-art image QA algorithms by a sizeable margin in our simulations. The code and the data from the subjective study are available at the LIVE website.     

Enhancing Performance with a Learnable Strategy for Multiple Question Answering Modules

A question answering (QA) system can be built using multiple QA modules that can individually serve as a QA system in and of themselves. This paper proposes a learnable, strategy‐driven QA model that aims at enhancing both efficiency and effectiveness. A strategy is learned using a learning‐based classification algorithm that determines the sequence of QA modules to be invoked and decides when to stop invoking additional modules. The learned strategy invokes the most suitable QA module for a given question and attempts to verify the answer by consulting other modules until the level of confidence reaches a threshold. In our experiments, our strategy learning approach obtained improvement over a simple routing approach by 10.5% in effectiveness and 27.2% in efficiency.     

LDPC block and convolutional codes based on circulant matrices

A class of algebraically structured quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and their convolutional counterparts is presented. The QC codes are described by sparse parity-check matrices comprised of blocks of circulant matrices. The sparse parity-check representation allows for practical graph-based iterative message-passing decoding. Based on the algebraic structure, bounds on the girth and minimum distance of the codes are found, and several possible encoding techniques are described. The performance of the QC LDPC block codes compares favorably with that of randomly constructed LDPC codes for short to moderate block lengths. The performance of the LDPC convolutional codes is superior to that of the QC codes on which they are based; this performance is the limiting performance obtained by increasing the circulant size of the base QC code. Finally, a continuous decoding procedure for the LDPC convolutional codes is described.