NiTi纤维增强粘弹性基体与弹性基体复合材料的力学特性

借助Voigt混合律,针对马氏体逆相变过程,建立了NiTi纤维增强Kelvin粘弹性基体与弹性基体两种复合材料的应力-应变关系.在同样的升温过程及应力作用下,对两种复合材料的变形(应变)、约束态NiTi纤维逆相变开始温度进行了分析对比;升温、加载经历一段时间后,限制两种复合材料的应变为固定值,分析其受力特征.分析有助于了解NiTi纤维增强粘弹性基体与弹性基体复合材料的力学性能.     

NiTi形状记忆合金丝在Al基复合材料中的约束态马氏体逆相变特征

利用DSC,XRD,SEM等实验手段研究了NiTi记忆合金丝在铝基体约束状态下的马氏体逆相变特征。研究结果表明,预应变NiTi记忆合金丝在加热过程中发生两种马氏体逆相变：热致马氏体逆转变(MT→P)与应力诱发马氏体逆转变(Md→P),其中热致马氏体逆相变温度与未预应变样品基本相同,且不受预应变影响;而应力诱发马氏体向母相转变温度随预应变增加而升高;随预应变增加,热致马氏体与应力诱发马氏体的逆转变量减少。文中引入马氏体变形度概念,并对马氏体在逆转变过程中的变形度变化进行了讨论。     

NiTi形状记忆合金丝在Al基复合材料的约束态马氏逆相变特征

利用DSC,XRD,SEM等实验手段研究了NiTi记忆合金丝在铝合金丝在铝基体约束状上的马氏体逆相变特征,研究结果表明,预应变NiTi记忆合金丝在加热过程中发生两种马氏体逆相变,热致马氏体转变（M^T→P) 应力诱发马氏体逆转变（M^d→P）,其中热致马氏体相变温度与未预应变样品基本相同,且不受参应变影响,而应力诱发马氏体向母相转变温度随预应变增加而升高,随预应变增加,热致马体与应力诱发马氏体的转变时减少,文中引入马氏体变形度概念,并对马氏体在逆转变过程中的变形度变化进行了讨论。     

充分发挥NiTi纤维复合材料功能的一种方法

通常NiTi纤维圆柱体剪滞模型是通过界面传递应力,界面剪应力较大时,界面将产生脱粘.将两端有小垫片的NiTi纤维埋入基体中,构成一种新的NiTi纤维圆柱体剪滞模型,在一定的简化条件下,针对马氏体逆相变过程,对纤维轴应力、界面剪应力的分布及应力传递进行分析.分析结果表明,与通常模型比较,新模型可通过界面和小垫片传递应力,减小界面剪应力峰值,能充分发挥NiTi纤维的作动效应.此外还讨论了小垫片几何尺寸对应力分布及传递的影响.     

TiNi和TiNiCu记忆合金丝/镍基机敏复合材料相变潜热研究(英文)

通过DSC对TiNi和TiNiCu记忆合金丝/镍基机敏复合材料的相变潜热进行了研究.结果表明,预应变TiNi试样在无约束状态下的第一次马氏体逆相变过程中,相变潜热值随预应变水平的增加而迅速增大,而在镍基体约束下,相变潜热值随预应变水平的增加而迅速减小.但TiNiCu和TiNiCu丝/镍基复合材料的相变潜热变化趋势与TiNi试样的明显不同.对上述现象给出了合理的解释.     

振动时效对NiTi记忆合金回复特性与相变行为的影响

研究了振动时效对约束态下NiTi形状记忆合金的力学性能与相变行为的影响,用自制的拉伸机测试了振动与未振动NiTi合金在自由加热过程中的回复应变,用万能拉伸实验机测试了NiTi合金的力学性能,用DSC测试了NiTi合金的相变行为.结果表明,随着振动幅度的增加,NiTi合金丝在自由加热过程中输出的两段回复应变减小;随着振动时间的延长,NiTi合金输出的回复力减小,最多约80MPa.DSC结果表明约束态振动后再变行马氏体逆相变温度升高,相变潜热减小,而继承变形马氏体和热诱发马氏体相变潜热增加.所有结果均直接或间接表明,振动时效降低了NiTi形状记忆合金产生的回复力.这可能是由于振动在NiTi合金中产生了微观塑性变形,降低了回复力.     

预应变对铝基体中复合的TiNi合金丝马氏体逆相变的影响

采用示差扫描热分析(DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微分析(SEM)等方法,研究了预应变对铝基体中复合的TiNi形状记忆合金丝的马氏体逆相变的影响.结果表明,预应变的TiNi丝发生两种逆相变,一种是热致马氏体(TIM)的逆相变,另一种是应力诱发马氏体(SIM)的逆相变.预应变样品的TIM逆相变的起始温度与未预应变样品的基本相同.SIM逆相变的起始温度随预应变的增大而升高.TIM和SIM逆相变的分数随预应变的增大而减少.     

PP木纤维复合材料热粘弹性力学特性研究

通过对PP木纤维复合材料进行应变率为10-4～10-2s-1、温度为90、130、170℃下的单向应力条件下的力学性能试验,结果表明,PP木纤维复合材料的力学响应对温度和应变率都是敏感的,并且升高温度与降低应变率对PP木纤维复合材料的力学性能有等效的影响。利用Maxwell模型提出了该PP木纤维复合材料的一个非线性热粘弹性本构方程,拟合出了相应的粘弹性参数。利用该本构模型模拟了PP木纤维复合材料的热压缩实验,理论计算所得应力-应变曲线与实验结果吻合较好。     

热循环对预应变NiTi记忆合金丝/铝基复合材料马氏体逆相变的影响

采用热压法将0.26mm的NiTi合金丝复合于铝中,利用SEM,DSC,热膨胀仪等实验手段研究了热循环对预应变为4%的NiTi合金丝/铝基复合材料马氏体逆相变的影响。结果表明,在第一次加热过程中,马氏体逆转变开始温度明显升高;第二次加热过程中逆转变开始温度比未预应变样品略有降低;随热循环次数增加,逆相变开始温度降低;当循环次数超过30次后,逆转变温度几乎保持不变。并对热循环过程中的马氏相变过程进行了分析讨论。     

薄壁管拉扭复合相变波的实验研究EI北大核心CSCD

为了观察相变波在复合应力加载条件下的传播特性,通过一套薄壁管预扭冲击拉伸的实验装置,对相变材料NiTi合金薄壁管进行了预扭冲击拉伸的实验研究。实验观察到明显的拉扭耦合快波结构,证明了复合应力下相变波确实具有耦合特性,此外,实验结果还表明相变材料NiTi合金在拉扭复合应力下的相变临界点具有明显的率无关性。由于拉扭耦合慢波部分的应变变化较小,在实验波形中不易分辨,对实验过程进行了数值模拟,模拟结果和实验基本吻合,并能观察到相应的耦合慢波部分。     

玻璃短纤维增强树脂基复合材料的单轴时间相关棘轮行为实验研究

对玻璃短纤维增强树脂基复合材料(短纤维体积分数：28%,40%)的室温单轴循环棘轮行为进行了实验研究,讨论了复合材料在不同加载条件下的棘轮变形特征。结果表明：该复合材料在宏观层次上表现出与基体相类似的棘轮变形规律,即在非对称应力循环下也将产生明显的棘轮变形,并随应力幅值和平均应力的增加而增加;树脂基复合材料的棘轮行为具有明显的时间相关特性,棘轮应变值依赖于应力率和峰值保持时间。在建立玻璃短纤维增强不饱和聚酯树脂基复合材料棘轮行为的本构模型时必须考虑基体的黏性变形特征。     

NiTi形状记忆合金丝输出应力与应变

本文研究了预应变ＮｉＴｉ形状记忆合金丝输出应力与应变及其关系。结果表明，预应变ＮｉＴｉ记忆合金丝输出应力与应变是非线性关系。输出应力由相变输出应力和弹性输出应力组成，相变输出应力随温度升高而升高，而与预应变几乎无关，相变输出开始和终止应力庶线性关系，输出应变由相变输出应变和弹性输出应变组成，相变输出应变随预应变增加而增加，随温度升颃是减少，输出是预应变和温度的函数。     

Experimental study of one‐dimensional superelastic capability of a nearly equi‐atomic NiTi shape memory alloy

A series of experimental studies have been carried out on nearly equi‐atomic NiTi shape memory alloy wires. The effects of fatigue cycles, displacement rates as well as testing temperatures on the superelastic capabilities have been studied. Under cycling loading, the threshold stresses for martensitic transformation decrease and the residule strains increase. Saturation is reached after 100 cycles. With increasing displacement rates, the critical stresses required for the martensitic transformation increase and the slopes of the upper plateau in the stress‐strain curves rise. The dissipated energy increases rapidly with increasing displacement rate, reaches a maximum value at around 6.0mm/min and then decreases as the displacement rate continues to increase. Tests also show that the threshold stresses characterizing the forward/reverse transformations increase linearly with increasing test temperature.     

Estimate Interface Shear Stress of Woven Ceramic Matrix Composites from Hysteresis Loops

An approach to estimate the fiber/matrix interface shear stress of woven ceramic matrix composites during fatigue loading has been developed in this paper. Based on the analysis of the microstructure, the woven ceramic matrix composites were divided into four elements of 0^o warp yarns, 90^o weft yarns, matrix outside of the yarns and the open porosity. When matrix cracking and fiber/matrix interface debonding occur upon first loading to the peak stress, it is assumed that fiber slipping relative to matrix in the interface debonded region of the 0^o warp yarns is the mainly reason for the occurrence of the hysteresis loops of woven ceramic matrix composiets during unloading and subsequent reloading. The unloading interface reverse slip length and reloading interface new slip length are determined by the interface slip mechanisms. The hysteresis loops of three different cases have been derived. The hysteresis loss energy for the strain energy lost per volume during corresponding cycle is formulated in terms of the fiber/matrix interface shear stress. By comparing the experimental hysteresis loss energy with the computational values, the fiber/matrix interface shear stress of woven ceramic matrix composites corresponding to different cycles can then be derived. The theoretical results have been compared with experimental data of two different woven ceramic composites.     

界面对硅酸铝短纤维增强AZ91D镁基复合材料蠕变性能的影响

界面对复合材料蠕变性能的影响很大。在试验分析的基础上建立了硅酸铝短纤维增强AZ91D镁基复合材料理论分析模型,利用三维有限元分析方法,系统研究了界面特性、界面上应力应变分布和短纤维位向变化对硅酸铝短纤维增强AZ91D镁基复合材料蠕变性能的影响。研究表明：界面特性,如厚度、模量,均对纤维最大轴应力和稳态蠕变速率有影响,当界面厚度增加,纤维最大轴应力减小而稳态蠕变速率增大;当界面模量增大,纤维最大轴应力增大而稳态蠕变速率减小,但当界面模量高于基体模量时,纤维最大轴应力和稳态蠕变速率均保持不变;纤维位向也影响轴应力分布和稳态蠕变速率,纤维在其末端界面上存在较大的应力和应变,此处容易产生微裂纹而使材料抗蠕变能力下降;界面对硅酸铝短纤维增强AZ91D镁基复合材料的蠕变曲线和蠕变断裂机制也有影响,其影响程度还与纤维位向有关。     

Modeling Loading/Unloading Hysteresis Behavior of Unidirectional C/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites

The loading/unloading tensile behavior of unidirectional C/SiC ceramic matrix composites at room temperature has been investigated. The loading/unloading stress–strain curve exhibits obvious hysteresis behavior. An approach to model the hysteresis loops of ceramic matrix composites including the effect of fiber failure during tensile loading has been developed. By adopting a shear-lag model which includes the matrix shear deformation in the bonded region and friction in the debonded region, the matrix cracking space and interface debonded length are obtained by matrix statistical cracking model and fracture mechanics interface debonded criterion. The two-parameter Weibull model is used to describe the fiber strength distribution. The stress carried by the intact and fracture fibers on the matrix crack plane during unloading and subsequent reloading is determined by the Global Load Sharing criterion. Based on the damage mechanisms of fiber sliding relative to matrix during unloading and subsequent reloading, the unloading interface reverse slip length and reloading interface new slip length are obtained by the fracture mechanics approach. The hysteresis loops of unidirectional C/SiC ceramic matrix composites corresponding to different stress have been predicted.     

Estimate Interface Shear Stress of Unidirectional C/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites from Hysteresis Loops

The tensile-tensile fatigue behavior of unidirectional C/SiC ceramic matrix composites at room and elevated temperature has been investigated. An approach to estimate the interface shear stress of ceramic matrix composites under fatigue loading has been developed. Based on the damage mechanisms of fiber sliding relative to matrix in the interface debonded region upon unloading and subsequent reloading, the unloading interface reverse slip length and reloading interface new slip length are determined by the fracture mechanics approach. The hysteresis loss energy for the strain energy lost per volume during corresponding cycle is formulatd in terms of interface shear stress. By comparing the experimental hysteresis loss energy with the computational values, the interface shear stress of unidirectional C/SiC ceramic composites corresponding to different cycles at room and elevated temperatures has been predicted.     

Modeling hysteresis behavior of cross-ply C/SiC ceramic matrix composites

In this paper, the loading/unloading tensile behavior of cross-ply C/SiC ceramic matrix composites at room temperature has been investigated. The loading/unloading stress–strain curve exhibits obvious hysteresis behavior. An approach to model the hysteresis loops of cross-ply ceranic matrix composites including the effect of matrix cracking has been developed. Based on the damage mechanisms of fiber sliding relative to matrix during unloading and subsequent reloading, the unloading interface reverse slip length and reloading interface new slip length of different matrix cracking modes are obtained by the fracture mechanics approach. The hysteresis loops of cross-ply C/SiC ceramic matrix composites corresponding to different peak stresses have been predicted.     

Finite element analysis of pseudoelastic behavior of NiTi shape memory alloy with thin-wall tube under extension-torsion loading

A three-dimensional micromechanical model for pseudoelasticity is implemented into ABAQUS to study the mechanical behavior of a polycrystalline NiTi shape memory alloy under biaxial loading. The model is firstly validated by numerical method and then used to simulate a thin-wall tube under non-proportional extension-torsion loading. When the tensile strain remains constant, the tensile stress decreases with increasing of the shear strain. While unloading the shear strain, the tensile stress increases. This is consistent with experimental results. The model can be used to get an idea of the pseudoelastic behavior of NiTi alloys under complex stress states.