表面紫外接枝辣素衍生物制备抗菌性聚砜超滤膜

以二苯甲酮(BP)为紫外接枝引发剂,将辣素衍生物N-(2,3,4-三甲氧基苯甲基)丙烯酰胺(TMBA)和丙烯酸(AA)接枝在聚砜基膜表面上以提高膜的抗菌性和耐污染性。在先前研究的基础上,试验固定接枝时间为15 min,TMBA和AA的质量分数分别为1%和2%,溶剂为乙醇,通过表面接触角测定仪、全反射红外光谱、扫描电镜、水通量和截留率、耐污染性、抗菌性测试等方法来表征膜改性前后的结构和性能变化,研究引发剂BP含量对膜表面结构性能的影响。结果表明,改性后聚砜超滤膜的截留率、耐污染性等都得到很好的改善,尤其是改性膜的抗菌性得到了明显提高;当BP的质量分数为0.2%时,抑菌率达到95%左右,通量恢复率由基膜的25%提高到80%,可以证明改性后的聚砜膜具有了良好的抗菌性和耐污染性。     

石蜡丙烯酸复合乳液的制备与性能

用种子乳液聚合法,以OP-10作为乳化剂,以K2S2O8 作为引发剂,以丙烯酸 (AA)为单体接枝改性石蜡(PF)乳液,合成了石蜡丙烯酸(PFAA)复合乳液。实验采用单体滴加工艺,以乳液稳定性作为评价指标,选择引发剂用量、单体用量、反应温度和反应时间为考察因素,利用正交实验L9 (34 )筛选出最佳合成工艺条件为:反应温度 70~75℃,反应时间 2h,引发剂用量w(K2S2O8 ) =0 16% ~0 20%,单体用量w(AA) =16 5% ~18 0%。红外光谱显示AA单体已引入到共聚物大分子中,扫描电镜揭示PFAA复合乳液的表面性状发生了改变。     

对苯乙烯磺酸钠功能化聚砜接枝膜的制备及对Pb~(2+)的吸附特性

采用相转化法制得氯甲基化聚砜(CMPSF)不对称多孔基膜,以乙二胺对基膜进行化学改性,利用—NH2/S2O82-表面引发体系,使单体对苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS)接枝聚合,制得多孔接枝膜PSF-g-PSSS。通过静态吸附法研究接枝膜对重金属离子Pb~(2+)的吸附性能。结果表明,在温度70℃,过硫酸铵的浓度0.4%的条件下反应18 h时,聚合物PSSS的接枝度最大,为0.7 mg/cm~2。凭借强烈的静电相互作用,接枝膜PSF-g-PSSS对重金属离子Pb~(2+)表现出强的吸附能力,饱和吸附容量高达0.83 mmol/cm~2。     

丙烯酸单体接枝纳米纤维素晶须的研究

以K2S2O8为引发剂,在纳米纤维素晶须(NCW)上接枝丙烯酸单体(AA),制备出丙烯酸接枝改性的纳米纤维素晶须.通过傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电镜(TEM)、热重分析(TGA)等测试方法对接枝产物的性能进行了分析,并采用电导滴定的方法计算了接枝率以及表面取代基团含量.研究了反应条件对接枝率和接枝效率的影响.结果表明,在引发剂浓度为4 mmol/L,引发时间为5 min,纳米纤维素晶须与丙烯酸单体摩尔比为1: 1.5,反应时间为6 h的条件下,得到了接枝率为14.09%的丙烯酸接枝纳米纤维素晶须.实验证明,在NCW上可以接枝上丙烯酸,接枝率为14.09%的产物与NCW具有相似的表面形貌和热性能;TEM分析可知,接枝产物的分散性得到了提高;表面取代基团含量测试表明,接枝产物表面上的亲水性分散基团含量比NCW增加了5倍以上.     

丙烯酸单体接枝纳米纤维素晶须

以K2S2O8为引发剂,在纳米纤维素晶须(NCW)上接枝丙烯酸单体(AA),制备出丙烯酸接枝改性的纳米纤维素晶须。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电镜(TEM)、热重分析(TGA)等测试方法对接枝产物的性能进行了分析,并采用电导滴定的方法计算了接枝率以及表面取代基团含量。研究了反应条件对接枝率和接枝效率的影响。结果表明,在引发剂浓度为4mmol/L,引发时间为5min,纳米纤维素晶须与丙烯酸单体摩尔比为1∶1.5,反应时间为6h的条件下,得到了接枝率为14.09%的丙烯酸接枝纳米纤维素晶须。实验证明,在NCW上可以接枝上丙烯酸,接枝率为14.09%的产物与NCW具有相似的表面形貌和热性能;TEM分析可知,接枝产物的分散性得到了提高;表面取代基团含量测试表明,接枝产物表面上的亲水性分散基团含量比NCW增加了5倍以上。     

以丙烯腈改性淀粉为分散剂的阳离子苯丙乳液的研制

以丙烯腈改性淀粉为分散剂,采用自由基聚合法在淀粉分子链上接枝苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯(DM)和丙烯酰胺(AM)等共聚单体,合成出一种新型的阳离子型淀粉接枝苯丙乳液施胶剂。探讨了K2S2O8/NaHSO3氧化还原型引发剂、共聚单体等对施胶剂施胶效果的影响。结果表明:当w(DM)=2%、w(AM)=0.3%、m(改性淀粉)∶m(单体)=1.0∶1.5、m(St)∶m(BA)=2.3∶1.0、引发剂中m(K2S2O8)∶m(NaHSO3)=1.0∶1.0且氧化剂w(K2S2O8)=0.10%时,施胶剂的施胶效果最佳,并且优于传统苯丙乳液施胶剂。     

紫外辐照接枝甲基丙烯酸对无纺布性能影响的研究

以二苯甲酮作为光引发剂,利用紫外辐照法引发单体接枝聚合反应,将亲水性单体甲基丙烯酸接枝在无纺布表面对其进行改性。通过测定接枝率,评价聚合物在无纺布表面的接枝程度;通过测定未改性及改性无纺布的膜通量,考察了改性无纺布表面的透水性;通过ATR-FTIR红外光谱和扫描电镜(SEM)对改性前后无纺布进行结构表征。实验结果表明:单体体积分数20%,辐照距离20cm,辐照时间40min,光引发剂二苯甲酮浓度0.1mol/L时,接枝率和膜通量达到最大值,分别为20%和1387L/m2·h。ATR-FTIR红外光谱分析表明无纺布表面负载了亲水性-COOH。     

高分子多孔膜的表面改性与抗污染研究

采用羟基化预处理、铈盐引发和碱化预处理、Fe2 /H2O2引发两种引发体系,对聚砜(PS)膜和聚丙烯腈(PAN)膜进行表面接枝丙烯酰胺的改性,研究预处理和表面接枝改性对膜污染的影响。采用红外光谱和X光电子能谱对羟基化和接枝改性的膜表面进行表征。研究表明,表面预处理和接枝后,PS膜和PAN膜的水通量均有所下降,但提高了抗牛血清蛋白膜污染能力。     

紫外接枝改性聚偏氟乙烯膜及处理含酚废水研究

为提高支撑液膜萃取体系的稳定性,以苯乙烯为接枝单体、二苯甲酮(BP)为光引发剂,通过紫外接枝的方法对支撑体聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜进行疏水改性,研究了制备改性膜的优化实验条件,对改性前后的PVDF膜的官能团、微观形貌和接触角进行了表征,并考察了原膜与改性膜构建的支撑液膜萃取体系处理含酚废水的能力。结果表明,制备改性膜的优化条件为:紫外光照时间15 min,反应温度30℃,接枝单体苯乙烯的质量分数4%,引发剂BP浓度0.3 mol/L。改性后的PVDF膜的接触角提高了76%,疏水性能显著提高。连续运行5次后,处理含酚废水改性膜除酚率比改性前提高了47%,体系运行更稳定。     

苯乙烯协助甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯固相接枝改性聚丁烯-1

以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)为单体,苯乙烯(St)为共单体,通过固相接枝改性聚丁烯-1(PB-1),考察了反应温度、单体用量、共单体用量和引发剂用量对接枝反应的影响。实验研究表明:在GMA用量5%、BPO用量0.3%、n(GMA)/n(St)=1的条件下,100℃反应2 h后得到接枝率为4.8%的改性产物。共单体St的加入有利于GMA接枝到PB-1大分子链上,并在一定程度上抑制了PB-1的降解。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。