神奇的创新理论——TRIZ

日前，国家科技部正式批准我省为国家技术创新方法试点省份。为了推动我省技术创新方法试点工作的落实，在全省冶金行业中开展创新理论的科普教育，本期刊登一种较成熟的创新理论——TRIZ理论的简介，以提示冶金科技工作者。TRIZ理论的详细内容请登陆“黑龙江金属信息港”网站。     

河南省冶金企业技术创新研讨会纪要

根据省科协关于河南省“创新与发展”学术活动月系列活动项目的要求,河南省冶金企业技术创新研讨会于2000年9月19日～21日在郑州召开。来自全省11个单位的50多名代表参加了会议。会议收到论文近70篇,从中选出52篇汇集成册。 会议由省金属学会秘书长江金柱主持,省科协郭远亮同志到会祝贺,省冶金建材行管办主任朱振华、总工程师刘世俊参加了会议。会上,朱主任就我省冶金企业技术创新工作做了重要讲话。     

四川省属应用型转制科研院所改革问题分析与对策建议

四川省属应用型转制科研院所是我省经济科技发展的重要组成部分,也是我省应用研究、技术创新和产业升级的重要科技支撑力量。十多年来,四川省属应用型转制科研院所一直在进行改革探索,也取得了一定成效。但在发展和改革实践中,也存在许多问题。随着四川省属应用型转制科研院所改革进入深水区和攻坚期,普遍面临体制机制的制约发展难题。本文对四川省属应用型转制科研院所改革问题进行了分析,并提出了改革应采取的对策建议。     

在冶金企业技术创新研讨会上的讲话

各位专家: 今天,省金属学会筹备已久的冶金企业技术创新研讨会在这里召开了。借此机会,和战斗在生产第一线的广大工程技术人员见个面,并祝大家身体健康,工作愉快!下面,我就企业技术创新工作讲几点意见,供大家参考。 1 改革开放以来行业技术进步发展状况 改革开放以来的二十年里,随着省委省政府“科教兴豫”战略的深入实施,我省冶金建材行业广大科技人员团结一致,勇于开拓,顽强拼搏,取得了巨大成绩,行业实力显著增强。二十年来共完成近800项     

省科技在本钢举办TRIZ理论创新方法培训班

<正>2月17日,省科协在本钢举办了为期两天的TRIZ理论创新方法培训班。此次培训是落实省委、省政府创新驱动发展的具体举措之一,将对我省企业技术创新工作考虑到积极的促进作用。来自本钢集团生产一线的技术骨干和有关部门的技术负责人80余人,以及辽宁省各市科技人员代表30余人参加了培训。     

河北省金属学会1999～2000年简要工作总结

两年间省金属学会在省冶金厅、省科协、中国金属学会的领导下、认真贯彻党的路线、方针、政策,坚持“科技是第一生产力”的思想,组织带领广大科技工作者,以“三个代表”为指导,充分发挥学术团体之优势,结合我省冶金工业工作实际,面向经济、生产、技术创新,积极开展“讲、比”攻关和实施“金桥工程”,“百厂百会协作行动＼大力开展学术交流、科技咨询、科学普及等活动,全面完成了学会的各项任务,下面将主要工作简要总结如下：一、围绕着我省冶金工业的科技进步和生产实际,积极组织开展各种学术交流学术活动是学会工作的重点,在学…     

谈企业技术创新的突破

为推动企业技术创新的突破，应从观念创新、体制创新、技术创新机制、提高人员素质、探索技术创新模式等几方面下功夫，营造技术创新的氛围，明确技术创新的重点，确立技术创新的目标，推动企业创新的发展。     

企业技术创新实践

从技术创新体系、技术创新针对性及技术创新与企业“转型升级”相结合等三个方面阐述了苏冶技术创新的实践经验,并介绍了苏冶技术创新取得的成果.     

POSCO技术创新能力分析

从技术创新投入能力、技术创新产出能力及技术创新管理能力3个方面,对POSCO的技术创新能力进行深入的分析总结,探索该公司技术创新能力不断成长的奥秘.     

钢铁企业技术创新探讨

目前,随着我国钢铁工业的高速发展,钢铁企业技术创新水平也迅速提高,特别是宝钢、武钢、鞍钢等企业在技术创新中取得了不少成果。但是,要看到,各钢铁企业之间技术创新的发展存在差距,与国外工业发达国家的钢铁企业技术创新尚存在一定差距。一、技术创新的模式变化随着科技进步的迅速发展,知识经济所起的作用越来越大,特别是在市场竞争激烈的情况下,全球企业的技术创新不断出现新的模式。1.由模仿型技术创新转变为原创型、独创型技术创新国内外企业的技术创新,一般均是从模仿创新开始。这样做可以降低技术创新的成本、加快技术创新的速度,在…     

Influences on Innovation Benefits during Implementation: Client’s Perspective

This study investigates critical factors that significantly affect the benefits of an innovation to the clients and the project as a whole during implementation from the perspective of construction clients. A survey was conducted in Hong Kong, and data from 35 projects that had adopted innovations were collected via mailed questionnaires from project clients. The questionnaire requested respondents to provide specific data about their projects, the type of innovations adopted, and the enablers and barriers to innovation. We found that innovative solutions were particularly beneficial if they were mainly intended to solve technical difficulties in projects and if they were implemented by forming separate implementation teams and by establishing coordination and monitoring mechanisms at the project level. Moreover, we found that the construction clients’ technical capabilities, provision of special training opportunities, and management interests before and after the innovation was implemented were also factors in attaining innovation benefits.     

Project Time-Cost Trade-Off Optimization by Maximal Flow Theory

Time and cost are related on projects. Project managers are frequently required to make time-cost trade-offs. With the complexity of large projects and the schedule impact of time-cost modifications, decisions on time-cost optimization are usually done on a hit or miss basis. This technical note presents an innovative technique that can be used to automate and optimize the time-cost trade-off process. The technique is based on “maximum flow–minimal cut” theory. The method is an improvement over current practice.     

Toward a Broader Technical Education for Engineers

Engineers are educated with significant technical depth in their chosen engineering discipline. Yet almost exclusively engineers work in teams made up of those educated in many different disciplines. And the design tasks that engineers face are becoming much more complex requiring engineers with a broader technical education to develop innovative solutions. Due to the increasing complexity of modern engineering projects, successful engineering leaders must have some degree of competence in more than one engineering field. Educators should recognize that modern engineers require this diversity in technical skills, and should identify in engineering courses the “connections” in topics that are common to more than a single discipline. In addition, engineering students should be required to work in multidisciplinary teams before they graduate.     

Situational Reengineering: Case Study Analysis

Owners and contractors faced with the drastic consequences of a “crisis” often accomplish projects whose short schedules, tight budgets, or technical complexity require adoption of extraordinary approaches to design and construction. Crisis or “exceptional” projects occur for many reasons; industrial accidents or acts of God cause damage to crucial manufacturing capacity or changes in the economy or international markets require a rapid product to market cycle. Often, these crisis projects are completed in record time, with superior quality or within a very low budget. It is also common on exceptional projects for strategies that are designed to (say) reduce schedule, to exhibit collateral beneficial impacts on the project's cost or quality. The research reported herein, investigates 30 exceptional projects to identify and document work process changes and their impact on cost and schedule as compared to traditional projects of similar scope and complexity. Results illustrate that changing work processes and providing appropriate cultural environments can result in significant schedule reduction (35%) with no increase in project costs. Additionally, over half of the exceptional projects studied demonstrate a reduction in cost as well as a reduced schedule. Fundamentally, this paper demonstrates the efficacy of ingenious and innovative changes to existing work paradigms in response to a variety of situational requirements. Additionally, this paper includes a discussion of barriers to implementation and organizational issues surrounding situational reengineering.     

Hybrid Prequalification-Based, Innovative Contracting Model Using AHP

Design-build, cost-plus-time, and warranty are three innovative contracting methods used by the Federal Highway Administration (FHwA). Because of the challenges inherent in the nature of these approaches, contractors need to be capable and experienced to successfully deliver projects. It is then necessary to prequalify contractors to reduce the inherent risk of a project. Therefore, the objective of the research project described in this paper is to provide a methodology that will help public owners prequalify and select contractors within the context of the three delivery methods mentioned above. As a result, a hybrid prequalification and selection model to screen contractors who want to submit bids on public projects using any of the three innovative contracting methods above was developed. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to make prequalification decisions when multiple criteria are used. In addition, three case studies were developed to evaluate the application of AHP to the prequalification criteria in the three innovative contracting methods. AHP was utilized as an effective prequalification decision-making tool that eliminates subjectivity and produces decisions built on consistent judgments.     

What Prompts Construction Innovation?

Current and expected chailenges on large engineering and construction projects demand innovative methods for improved performance. Analyses of several examples of innovative engineering and construction techniques for nuclear generating plant projects as presented. The findings based on those analyses identify not only conditions that favor innovation, but also those that appear to restrict the use of new techniques. The writer suggests guidelines for industry professionals and researchers to follow, in order to promote engineering and construction innovation.     

迈向国际先进技术水平的特殊钢分公司钛材

介绍特殊钢分公司近年来钛材生产发展及科技进步,同时介绍该公司在实施宝钢集团建设新材料、新工艺及新技术研发基地战略思想指导下,对具有战略意义的钛材生产进行的技术改造项目及其进展情况,展示出宝钢将建设我国先进的钛材生产基地的远景目标.     

Transformational leadership, initiating structure, and substitutes for leadership: A longitudinal study of research and development project team performance.

Transformational leadership, initiating structure, and selected substitutes for leadership were studied as longitudinal predictors of performance in 118 research and development (R&D) project teams from 5 firms. As hypothesized, transformational leadership predicted 1-year-later technical quality, schedule performance, and cost performance and 5-year-later profitability and speed to market. Initiating structure predicted all the performance measures. The substitutes of subordinate ability and an intrinsically satisfying task each predicted technical quality and profitability, and ability predicted speed to market. Moderator effects for type of R&D work were hypothesized and found whereby transformational leadership was a stronger predictor of technical quality in research projects, whereas initiating structure was a stronger predictor of technical quality in development projects. Implications for leadership theory and research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

技术改造项目的技术经济评价方法

分析比较了技术改造项目的经济评价的计算方法，利用“有无比较法”计算增量净收益，是技术改造项目经济效益计算的有效方法。     

三十亩地选矿厂选硫工艺研究与改造实践

分析了三十亩地选矿厂原选硫技术指标和存在的工艺问题,找出了原因,提出解决方案,并着重介绍了为提高选硫回收率进行的改造实践工作.