Cognitive ergonomics, socio-technical systems, and the impact of healthcare information technologies

The United States healthcare system is transitioning from paper-based to computer-based systems. In this process, it is vitally important to focus on optimizing the role of human factors in systems design. This review examines a wide range of cognitive ergonomics and socio-technical systems issues that impact the successful implementation of healthcare information technologies (HIT). We review evidence on the impact of HIT on medication errors, electronic health records and clinical support, copying clinical exams and notes, computerized-provider order entry and clinical decision support system, and bar-code medication administration systems. We examine research on barriers to successful HIT implementation and also on user workarounds of systems’ limitations. The review concludes by summarizing a series of important human factors design considerations that must be considered for successful systems implementation. This information is presented in a manner that should allow HIT system designers and implementers to readily incorporate these principles into their future developments.Relevance to industry: Evidence from a comprehensive review of the impact of HIT on a wide variety of important healthcare issues is presented and a series of human factors design considerations that are critical to successful HIT systems design is summarized.     

Critical information technology issues in Turkish healthcare

While the importance of information technology in reducing soaring healthcare costs and enhancing service quality is increasingly being recognized, significant challenges remain in how it is implemented. Although there are a few studies investigating key IT issues in healthcare in advanced countries, there are virtually none in developing countries. We bridge this gap by investigating the critical information technology issues in healthcare facilities in Turkey. These issues are developed based on the opinions of senior hospital managers. The top ten issues include privacy, quality, security, and the implementation of electronic medical records. Further analyses provide additional insights into the results.     

Human factors and information technology: responding to the challenge

Editor's note: Recommendations are given from a report published by the UK National Electronics Council on the importance of an awareness of human factors to information technology. Ergonomists alone cannot reshape attitudes to technological design, according to the report, and a concerted effort is needed from every group involved. For this reason, the NEC's recommendations are addressed to government, standards bodies, manufacturers, users and educators. Taken together, the recommendations from the basis of the initiative that the report's authors believe must be taken to meet the challenge posed by information technology. Although the report was published in the context of the UK Alvey ‘Advanced Information Technology’ programme, its content will be of interest in all countries working with information technology. The report represents a challenge from the human factors community to engineers, and as such is required reading for Displays subscribers. The journal will welcome responses and encourage debate on the subject.     

RMAN克隆ORACLE数据库技术在完善医院信息系统维护工作中的作用简

在当前的医院信息化建设中,应该注意网络安全的维护工作,特别是在ORACLE数据库安全维护方面,更是需要特别的注重。以下本篇就来探讨RMAN克隆ORACLE数据库技术在完善医院信息系统维护工作中的作用。     

A study of the impact of information technology on firm performance: a flexible production function approach

Most previous studies of the impact of information technology (IT) on firm performance have relied on the Cobb–Douglas production function, which makes unrealistic assumptions. These include assuming that (1) the scale elasticity, i.e. returns to scale, is constant throughout the entire output range; (2) the elasticity of substitution between inputs is one, whereas it can be anywhere from zero to infinity in practice; and (3) there are no complex interrelationships between inputs, i.e. no squared or product terms. The translog production function (used in two previous studies) does not make these assumptions and is therefore more accurate. However, the two previous studies found no significant difference between the two. This research has extended previous work on the impact of IT investments by providing more accurate results in some areas and new findings in others. IT's importance is shown to be much greater than previously thought. The translog function is used to demonstrate that the productivity paradox does not hold (i.e. both IT labor and capital indeed have a significant impact on firm revenues), but with considerably different results, i.e. the impact of IT is markedly more significant than that obtained from the Cobb–Douglas. Another interesting finding is that of scale elasticity. Our results show that this is less than 1, implying decreasing returns to scale of output. Finally, the substitutability between inputs was determined, which is not possible with the Cobb–Douglas. It was found that the partial elasticities of substitution for IT labor with IT capital and non-IT labor were quite substantial.     

浅谈信息技术与数学学科的整合

信息技术的发展,使人们的学习和交流打破了过去的时空界限,为人类能力的提高和发挥作用带来了新的空间。通过信息技术与数学学科的整合,让数学更贴近生活,突破教学重点难点,提高了学生的发散性思维能力,让我们看到信息技术在教学中的重要性。     

Causality in the alignment of information technology and business strategy

The need for a link between information technology (IT) use and organizational strategy has been identified and discussed for a number of years. The thrust of this work argues that the motives for investment in IT should derive from firm objectives and, more particularly, from the strategic plan which the organization wishes to pursue. This paper argues that, often, mere lip service is paid to the strategic nature of IT. Further, strategy justification has become a tool for securing investment in IT by circumventing established organizational policy on investments. Many IT investments labelled ‘strategic’ appear to be operational in nature. This paper discusses the nature and evaluation of strategy and relates it to the literature on IT as a strategic tool. The extent to which the relationship between IT and strategy has altered over recent years is subsequently investigated. The implementation process is investigated and evidence of IT investment activities and the returns available to investing organizations are reviewed. The paper argues that there are a number of alternative views on the IT-strategy relationship, some of which are organizationally detrimental.     

信息技术与网络空间安全发展趋势

首先剖析了互联网、移动互联网、物联网、云计算、大数据等技术的基本特征、相互间差异及其内在关系,深层次梳理了信息技术和信息服务模式的演化规律,从宏观上探讨了信息技术螺旋式上升的发展态势和我国后发式赶超的机遇,并指出了下一代信息技术的革新关键在于能耗。在此基础上,详细分析了我国网络空间在互联互通、工业 4.0等方面的安全需求和挑战,提出了安全技术的研究应与信息技术的发展同步。最后凝练了我国网络空间安全的发展机遇与对策,并对网络空间安全的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Visual handicap and the challenge of information technology in employment

There are two main ways in which aids are designed to allow those with impaired sight access to information technology. Adaptations of existing equipment for sighted users can be made. An alternative approach is to replace sight-oriented systems with systems designed specifically for sound and touch. Currently used techniques for this purpose are described.     

空间信息技术在物联网中的作用与应用研究

物联网技术的发展需要空间信息理论与技术的支撑,而空间信息技术也必将在物联网的时代背景与机遇下推广其应用。文中分别介绍了空间信息技术与物联网的产生及其应用,在此基础之上总结归纳了空间信息技术在物联网中的作用,同时探讨了空间信息技术在物联网中的应用。     

Examining the effects of social influence in pre-adoption phase and initial post-adoption phase in the healthcare context

Despite the widespread adoption of healthcare information technology (HIT) in hospitals, fostering physicians’ acceptance of this system is a challenging task. This study focuses on and compares two critical phases for user acceptance of HIT, namely, pre-adoption phase and initial post-adoption phase. Based on the psychological attachment theory, we propose that social influence factors exert differentiated effects on physician acceptance of HIT in these two phases. Survey results show that reward, sanction, and informational influence affect physicians’ HIT acceptance in the pre-adoption phase, whereas reward and image are significantly associated with HIT acceptance in the initial post-adoption phase.     

信息技术与课程整合教学中的问题与对策研究简

本文根据现阶段的实际教学情况分析了信息技术与课程整合存在的几个问题,并结合实际提出了实现信息技术与课程整合的有效方法。     

医院网络信息的安全隐患及预防对策分析

随着信息时代的来临,网络信息技术也探足到医疗卫生行业中以取代传统纸质记录传达的位置,也使得医院信息的处理向高效率,信息高度准确化发展.关于常见的一些医院信息系统的安全隐患本文做了如下分析,并简略阐述了相关的预防对策.     

基于质量信息的数字编码方法及实现技术

文章从产品质量信息的角度对数字信息编码方法进行了系统的分类，分析了其特点，并探讨了数字混合编码方法及信息编码实现技术。     

Using regression splines to assess the impact of information technology investments on productivity in the health care industry

Abstract. This paper explores the impact of information technology (IT) investments on productivity using a new technique, multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS). We believe that it provides additional insights on the nature of the impact of IT investments on productivity. The results from our study are compared with findings from a previous study that has also used the same data set. While the results of a previous study indicate that IT investments have a positive but uniform impact on productivity, our study suggests that the impact of IT on productivity is not uniform but is contingent on other complementary factors. Our findings describe that the complementary relationship exists between IT and non‐IT related investments. Thus, improved organizational productivity cannot be expected from investment in IT alone but only together with non‐IT investments. Our findings also point out that further investment may not necessarily bring on higher organizational productivity.     

A survey of information technology in the U.K. service sector

Relationships between the use of information technology and organizational variables have been analysed using a sample of 638 business organizations in the service sector in the U.K. Data for the study were collected through a mail survey. Among the results presented here are the variation of the proportions of managers and information workers with size of organization, and the relationship between the use of computers and profitability. Discriminant analysis was used to distinguish between organizations using computers and those not using them. The study shows that organizations using computers tend to have more formality in communications, a higher growth rate and a higher proportion of information workers than organizations not using computers. The variation of computer capacity with size of organization is also examined.     

浅谈大数据时代网络信息的安全与保密技术

随着经济的快速发展和科技的不断进步,网络信息技术已经广泛应用于社会生产的各个行业,但随着网络信息技术的应用,网络信息安全也受到严重的影响,各种网络犯罪活动对社会的稳定发展和国家安全带来严重的影响,因此,加强网络信息的安全和保密有十分重要的意义。     

论电子信息技术的应用特点与未来发展趋势

随着社会经济的不断发展,科学技术也在不断的创新中。在这种形势下,电子信息技术普及的速度得到了加快,同时也推动了其它领域的研究与发展,这为社会的进步及人们的生活提供了很多便利。随着网络电子设备的普及,电子信息技术已经遍布人们日常生活中的各个角落。本文首先介绍了电子信息技术的发展现状,然后对电子信息技术的应用特点进行了探讨,最后指出了电子信息技术未来的主要发展趋势,以供大家参考。     

Implementation of information technology in Africa: Understanding and explaining the results of ten years of implementation effort in a Tanzanian organization

This study traces attempts to introduce information technology into a management college in Africa, over a 10-year period from 1991 to 2001. The study uses an interpretative approach and is informed by information technology (IT) implementation literature. The case shows little progress over the 10-year period studied and the authors identify several explanations for this. The findings related to implementation, or the lack thereof, tie in well with the general IT implementation literature, suggesting that some of the key elements in the literature are of a fairly general and universal nature. The general nature of the literature does not provide the background for a deeper understanding of the issues and underlying levels of explanations. For this, more contextual factors need to be taken into account. The authors have been able to point to some of these sociocultural factors. However, this is an area where further research is needed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

浅析高中政治与信息技术的整合发展的重要性

在当今这个信息化大时代里,信息技术几乎涵盖了从生产到生活的方方面面。政治教育作为指引新一代学生道路的重要因素,跟随时代的步伐改革发展势在必行。只有与时俱进,利用信息技术优化当前政治教学环境,才能更好的培养学生的协作意识和创新精神。本文拟通过论述高中政治与信息技术整合的必要性及整合政治课教学的初步体会,分析适合高中思想政治课的新的教学模式。