α-烯基磺酸钠和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵复配体系的泡沫性能

利用Ross-Miles法、电导率法和光学法等研究了阴离子表面活性剂α-烯基磺酸钠(AOS)和阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)不同摩尔比复配溶液的泡沫性能。结果表明,在表面活性剂的总浓度为cT=7.8×10-3mol/L时,AOS/CTAB不同摩尔比复配溶液的发泡性能与AOS溶液基本相当,但AOS/CTAB复配能较明显地提高体系的泡沫稳定性;不同摩尔比复配溶液的泡沫稳定性顺序为:AOS/CTAB 5∶1>AOS/CTAB 10∶1>AOS/CTAB15∶1>AOS/CTAB 20∶1>AOS。     

一种高性价比洁面乳的开发研究

介绍了以AOS为主表面活性剂,通过配方优化,开发一种性能优良、成本合理的洁面乳产品的方法.试验表明AOS适合在表面活性剂型洁面乳中使用.     

植物油酸在皂粉中的应用性能研究

研究了植物油酸在皂粉中的应用性能,植物油酸与阴离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂协同复配作用,以及主要助剂对皂粉的去污力、溶解性、抗再沉积性、流动性、结块度等应用性能的影响。结果表明,植物油酸与阴离子表面活性剂AOS、非离子表面活性剂AEO-9复配,去污增效作用明显。优化后的皂粉主要组分的最佳配比为AOS13%,油酸钠9%,AEO-9 2%, 4A沸石16%,SP-II(40%)3%,泡花碱7.35%。     

疏水型SiO_2纳米颗粒的稳泡性研究

针对泡沫驱油技术中存在的泡沫稳定性问题,对纳米颗粒部分取代表面活性剂发泡和稳泡,以提高泡沫稳定性进行了研究。将不同型号的亲水性和疏水性SiO_2纳米颗粒分别与表面活性剂α-烯基磺酸钠(AOS)溶液复配,进行泡沫观察试验,考察了SiO_2纳米颗粒与AOS复配后对N_2泡沫稳定性的影响。结果表明:单独的亲水性纳米二氧化硅颗粒不能发泡稳泡,能在较低浓度的AOS溶液中起到一定的稳泡作用,但效果不理想;而疏水性纳米SiO_2颗粒虽不能单独发泡,但可以部分取代AOS表面活性剂,大大提高泡沫的稳定性。通过对不同浓度的纳米颗粒与AOS表面活性剂复配后的稳泡性能对比,得到泡沫驱油稳泡剂的最佳配比(质量分数)为0.04%AOS+0.10%SiO_2。研究结果对于泡沫驱油稳泡剂的优选具有一定的指导意义。     

低泡型阴离子表面活性剂泡沫性能研究

通过Waring-Blender法和改进Ross-Miles法研究了天然油脂基阴离子表面活性剂(SNS-80)和磺化类表面活性剂(162-34)的泡沫性能,并与常规阴离子表面活性剂α-烯基磺酸盐(AOS)和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐(AES)对比,同时还考察了表面活性剂浓度和无机盐对162-34、SNS-80、AOS及AES泡沫性能的影响。结果表明,SNS-80和162-34的起泡能力和泡沫稳定性明显弱于AOS和AES。在测试浓度范围内SNS-80表现出了良好的低泡性能,162-34在低活性物浓度范围(1 g/L)表现出了良好的低泡性能。CaCl_2(500 mg/L)的引入有助于增强SNS-80的低泡性能。     

低碳醇对氟碳与碳氢表面活性剂复配体系泡沫性能的影响

普通碳氢表面活性剂与磺基甜菜碱氟碳表面活性剂(FS)相比,泡沫性能和耐油性不好。醇通常强烈地影响表面活性剂的自组织行为,醇的加入能提高表面活性剂的泡沫性能。本文采用Ross-Miles法探讨了低碳醇对FS与阴离子碳氢表面活性剂(AOS)复配体系FS/AOS泡沫性能的影响。结果表明,当甲醇、无水乙醇、异丙醇浓度分别为5%、3%、3%,复配体系FS/AOS的起泡性能和泡沫稳定性仍较好,在加入醇之后,煤油含量60%～80%时起泡性能和泡沫稳定性仍较好。不同碳数的低碳醇对复配体系泡沫性能的影响规律为:发泡性能甲醇最好、异丙醇次之、无水乙醇最差,异丙醇的稳泡性能较甲醇和无水乙醇差。     

α-烯基磺酸钠在餐具洗涤剂中的应用

本文通过对α-烯基磺酸钠(AOS)性质的把握,依据配方原理将其与烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺酸钠、烷醇酰胺等常见表面活性剂进行复配,找出国内餐具洗涤剂生产中常用的几种表面活性剂的复配规律。通过理化指标及性能验证实验,证明AOS可以安全用于餐具洗涤剂体系,且性能良好。     

几种表面活性剂的去油性能研究

对几种常见的阴离子、非离子以及两性离子表面活性剂的去油力进行了测定。结果表明:AES、LAS、AOS三种阴离子表面活性剂、APG1214、TX-10、AEO_9三种非离子表面活性剂以及CAO、CAB两种两性离子表面活性剂去油性能较为突出。     

液体洗涤剂组分对青霉脂肪酶活性的影响

研究了液体洗涤剂中常用的表面活性剂如LAS、SAS、AES、AOS、MES、烷基醇酰胺、APG、OB2 以及常用助剂如增溶剂、增稠剂、防腐剂等对青霉脂肪酶活性的影响 ,还研究了阳离子表面活性剂以及淀粉酶对青霉脂肪酶活性的影响。结果表明 ,AES、MES、AOS对酶活的影响比LAS小 ,且AES与LAS复配有利于减低LAS对酶活的影响 ;烷基醇酰胺和AEO9、TX -10一样 ,对酶活的影响较小 ;APG和OB2 则有较大影响 ;阳离子表面活性剂在较低的浓度下对酶无影响 ,有的甚至还有激活作用。液体洗涤剂中的增溶剂、增稠剂、防腐剂等在配方浓度范围内对酶活影响不大 ;淀粉酶对青霉脂肪酶的活性几乎没有影响     

中国表面活性剂工业可实施的绿色表面活性剂新产品

详细介绍了我国表面活性剂工业可实施的绿色表面活性剂新产品,主要包括以下几类:脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐(AES)、α-烯基磺酸盐(AOS)、烷基聚葡萄糖苷(APG)、可生物降解的Gemini表面活性剂以及新型阻垢分散剂聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)和聚天冬氨酸(PASP)等.并概括了我国表面活性剂工业新产品的发展趋势.     

Use of high-active alpha olefin sulfonates in laundry powders

Alpha olefin sulfonates (AOS) have been used successfully for many years in laundry and personal-care products throughout Asia. Among their documented positive attributes are good cleaning and high foaming in both soft and hard water, rapid biodegradability, and good skin mildness. AOS has commonly been marketed as approximately 40%-active aqueous solutions. However, with the increased importance of compact powder detergents produced by processes other than spray drying, high-active forms of AOS including 70%-active pastes and 90+%-active powders are now being utilized for that product sector. In this regard, the rheological properties of non-Newtonian AOS and AOS/additive pastes at relevant process temperatures were measured and found potentially suitable for agglomeration processes. Also, the relationship of AOS powder particle size to surfactant solubility at various wash conditions was examined to allow determination of the optimal size for both detergency and processing of laundry powders. Both paste rheology and powder morphology are critical factors for the successful use of high-active AOS in compact powder detergents.     

Performance and Efficiency of Anionic Dishwashing Liquids with Amphoteric and Nonionic Surfactants

Performance and efficiency of anionic [sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) and sodium α-olefin sulfonate (AOS)] and amphoteric [cocamidopropyl betaine (CAB)] as well as nonionic [cocodiethanol amide (DEA), various ethoxylated alcohols (C₁₂–C₁₅–7EO, C₁₀–7EO and C₉–C₁₁–7EO) and lauramine oxide (AO)] surfactants in various dishwashing liquid mixed micelle systems have been studied at different temperatures (17.0, 23.0 and 42.0 °C). The investigated parameters were critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension (γ), cleaning performance and, foaming, biodegradability and irritability of anionic (SLES/AOS) and anionic/amphoteric/nonionic (SLES/AOS/CAB/AO) as well as anionic/nonionic (SLES/AOS/DEA/AO, SLES/AOS/C₁₂-C₁₅-7EO/AO, SLES/AOS/C₁₀–7EO/AO and SLES/AOS/C₉–C₁₁–7EO/AO) dishwashing surfactant mixtures. In comparison to the starting binary SLES/AOS surfactant mixture, addition of various nonionic surfactants promoted CMC and γ lowering, enhanced cleaning performance and foaming, but did not significantly affect biodegradability and irritability of dishwashing formulations. The anionic/nonionic formulation SLES/AOS/C₉–C₁₁–7EO/AO shows both the lowest CMC and γ as well as the best cleaning performance, compared to the other examined dishwashing formulations. However, the results in this study reveal that synergistic behavior of anionic/nonionic SLES/AOS/ethoxylated alcohols/AO formulations significantly improves dishwashing performance and efficiency at both low and regular dishwashing temperatures (17.0 and 42.0 °C) and lead to better application properties.     

Precipitation of anionic surfactants in the presence of sodium oleate and calcium ions

Precipitation of anionic surfactants, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) and alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS), by calcium ions was studied in the presence of sodium oleate. Lather stability was determined by the Ross-Miles method, precipitation was followed by measuring the optical density (OD), and equilibrium surface tension (EST) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the nature of the precipitate formed. For the 5 mM LAS-0.7 mM oleate system, lather was unstable, and the OD was high in the 2–5°FH region of calcium hardness, while at higher calcium hardness levels, lather was stable and the turbidity of solutions decreased. On the other hand, in the 5 mM AOS-0.7 mM oleate system, lather was unstable throughout the calcium hardness region studied (0–20°FH). Also, the turbidity build-up was much higher in the AOS system than in the LAS system. Analysis of the precipitates formed in these systems by FTIR spectroscopy indicated that the precipitate from the AOS system had an additional band at 1190 cm⁻¹, corresponding to the sulfonate group. These results, together with the EST data, confirm that the precipitate formed in the LAS system between 2–5°FH calcium is calcium oleate, and that formed in the AOS system is likely to be calcium (AOS) oleate. It is tempting to hypothesize that the similarity of AOS and oleate in chainlength could be responsible for the coprecipitation of AOS and oleate with calcium, whereas LAS, which has a larger headgroup with a benzene ring and two smaller chains (average length is C8) is unlikely to precipitate with the oleate.     

Recent findings and experiences with alpha olefin sulfonates

In the sulfonation and sulfation of alpha olefin (AO), linear alkylbenzene (LAB), and alcohol ethoxylate (AE), improved reaction yields and products’ color were obtained by using the TO-Reactor recently developed in Lion Fat & Oil Co., Ltd., compared with those obtained in a conventional falling-film type reactor. These improvements especially were remarkable in the case of AO, so that light-colored alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS), having improved performance properties, was obtained without bleaching. For the performance tests, AOS was evaluated in several systems, together with some other surfactants, alcohol sulfate (AS), alcohol ethoxy sulfate (AES), linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), and alpha-sulfo fatty acid methyl ester (a-SEMe). AOS was one of the most useful surfactants for heavy duty powder detergents of low phosphate formulation because of its good detergency and foaming power, rinsing property, and free flowing property. Thus, bright white heavy duty powder detergents, containing 8% of P₂O₅, were developed with AOS (nonbleached), AES, LAS, sodium pyrophosphate (TSPP), and some other ingredients, which have been marketed in the household cleaning products field in Japan since 1976.     

α-烯烃磺酸盐在液体洗涤剂中的应用

介绍了采用气相三氧化硫法生产的α-烯烃磺酸钠在液体洗涤剂配方中的应用。通过正交设计说明,影响黏度的最重要因素是氯化钠的质量分数。考察了不同碳数AOS对液体洗涤剂黏度的影响以及AOS与AES复配后液体洗涤剂去污力、调黏度和泡沫性能的区别,综合应用实验结果表明,AOS适合用于液体洗涤剂中。     

Surface Dilational Rheology,Foam, and Core Flow Properties of Alpha Olefin Sulfonate

The surface tension, surface dilational rheology, foaming and displacement flow properties of alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS) with inorganic salts were studied. The foam composite index (FCI), which reflects foaming capacity and foam stability, is used to evaluate foam properties. It is found that sodium and calcium salts can lead to decreases in AOS surface tension, critical micelle concentration, and molecular area at the gas–liquid interface. Sodium ions reduce the surface dilational viscoelasticity (E) and FCI of AOS, while calcium ions can enhance the E of AOS and make the FCI of AOS reach a maximum. In the solution containing calcium and sodium ions, the FCI of AOS is improved. Crude oil reduces the FCI of AOS. Injection pressure and displacing efficiency of AOS alternating carbon dioxide (CO₂) injection are higher than injections of water alternating with CO₂ or CO₂ alone in low permeability cores.     

α-烯烃磺酸盐、NaCl、NH_4Cl对液体洗涤剂粘度影响的研究

研究了阴离子表面活性剂/非离子表面活性剂复配液体洗涤剂时α 烯烃磺酸盐、NaCl、NH4Cl对其粘度的影响。结果表明:液体洗涤剂中无论是否含有NaCl或NH4Cl,其粘度均随体系中α 烯烃磺酸盐浓度的增加而下降。NaCl或NH4Cl对液体洗涤剂粘度的提高程度与α 烯烃磺酸盐的浓度有关。对以α 烯烃磺酸盐为主体表面活性剂的液体洗涤剂,其粘度的提高与NaCl或NH4Cl的浓度有关。     

New household detergent based on AOS

The synthetic detergent industry is one of the fastest growing industries in Japan. Its production, together with soap, is estimated to be almost 2 billion pounds in 1970. In addition to this increased production, quality modification in terms of biodegradability is now being undertaken. Alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS) has been known since the 1930’s, but only within the last two years has it been highlighted for commercial interest as a detergent material due to progress in sulfonation technology as well as commercial availability of alpha olefins. To make use of AOS as an active ingredient for formulation of heavy duty household granules, several properties of AOS itself or of the built detergent were studied in comparison with linear alkylate sulfonate (LAS), alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS) and alcohol sulfate (AS). AOS was proved to be a potentially economical detergent material having as good performance and better biological properties than LAS or AS and better biodegradability than LAS. It has been marketed since 1967 in Japan as the first AOS-based household heavy duty granular detergent. It has been accepted by the housewives as the most efficient detergent and has become the best selling brand. Presented at the AOCS-AACC Joint Meeting, Washington, D.C., April 1, 1968.     

Studies on the stability of Kathon® CG/ICP Microbicide in alpha olefin sulfonate Based systems

Kathon^® CG/ICP Microbicide (Rohm & Haas Co.) which contains 1.5% 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 0.35% 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one as active ingredients has been found to be a highly efficient antimicrobial preservative for formulated products. However, its use has been contra-indicated for formulations containing certain anionic surfactants, especially AOS, because of the suspected presence of residual bisulfite ion added to remove residual hypochlorite remaining at the end of the bleaching process. It has been found that sulfite ion is not stable in the complex mixture of components in commercially produced AOS. AOS samples tested, whether bleached or not, contained residual reducing capacity, but of a sufficiently low redox potential as to not affect Kathon^® CG/ICP Microbicide stability. Alternative analytical methods for analysis for bisulfite in AOS and other surfactant systems are discussed. A new HPLC method for determination of Kathon^® CG/ICP Microbicide level in formulated products was developed.