单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌的PCR检测方法

研究比较了裂解法、热煮沸法、试验盒法提取单增李斯特氏菌DNA的效果 ,认为Promega试剂盒法提取的DNA ,得率高、纯度好。同时根据单增李斯特氏菌的毒力相关基因的 5对引物 ,进行了引物的特异性研究 ,结果发现inlA引物、inlB引物、plcA引物特异性好 ,可以用于食品中单增李斯特氏菌的检测     

Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua from a vegetable processing plant by RAPD and REA

The incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in a vegetable processing plant was investigated over a 23-month period. Frozen ready-to-eat vegetable samples, well as the plant environment, were sampled. The molecular subtyping techniques, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Restriction Endonuclease Analyses (REA), were performed to help investigate the origin and routes of Listeria dissemination.

The low and sporadic incidence of L. monocytogenes made it impossible to establish an epidemiological sequence in the processing plant, though a case of cross-contamination between tomato and ratatouille was detected. Listeria innocua subtyping, however, allowed us to determine the prevalence of several strains in vegetables, and their presence on machinery samples suggested the possibility of cross-contamination during processing.

The low incidence of L. monocytogenes indicated that the risk of listeriosis transmission by vegetable consumption is low. On the other hand, the isolation of the same strain of L. innocua in several surveys pointed out the risk of colonisation on surfaces and machinery. The persistence of Listeria spp. is a cause for concern as can lead to future contamination of vegetables processed in the plant and to a possible increased risk for health. Therefore, periodic controls for the presence of Listeria spp. and a further review of the cleaning and disinfection procedures used in frozen vegetable plants are recommended.     

免疫捕捉PCR和直接PCR技术检测单核细胞增生性李斯特菌比较研究

将免疫学技术与分子生物学技术相结合,建立了免疫捕捉PCR(IC-PCR),并与传统的直接PCR(Direct-PCR)进行比较。结果显示:纯菌液中IC-PCR检测灵敏度(104CFU/mL)是Direct-PCR灵敏度(105CFU/mL)的10倍;模拟带菌实验结果表明:IC-PCR最低可检测到5×101个细菌/PCR反应体系(即104CFU/mL),检测限比Direct-PCR(5×103个细菌/PCR反应体系即106CFU/mL)高100倍;特异性实验、干扰实验结果表明IC-PCR可特异检测单核细胞增生性李斯特菌(Listeria monaytogenes,LM),而和18株其他常见食源性致病菌无交叉反应。IC-PCR具有快速、经济、灵敏、特异等优点,是一种适合食品安全监管部门、食品企业的LM快速检测方法。     

免疫磁珠捕获PCR快速检测单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌

利用免疫磁珠富集单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌,采用聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）扩增进行快速检测。所制备的免疫磁珠选取在37 ℃条件下均匀振荡1 h为最佳包被条件,1 mg磁珠偶联抗体的最佳量为100 μg/mg,制备的免疫磁珠捕获率为45%。所建立的免疫磁珠捕获-PCR技术在样品细菌浓度达到104 CFU/mL即可被检出,其灵敏度是直接PCR检测限（105 CFU/mL）的10 倍,可为病原菌的富集和快速检测提供新方法。     

肉中单核细胞增生李斯特菌PCR快速检测方法建立

目的:建立单核细胞增生李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,LM)快速、敏感、特异的PCR诊断方法。方法:采用聚合酶链式反应技术(PCR)特异性扩增单核细胞增生李斯特菌内化素基因(ivlA),并评价该方法的特异性与敏感性。结果:在445bp处出现inlA基因的目的片断,只有单增李斯特菌的目的片段获得扩增,其他菌种扩增均呈阴性;该方法可以检测到DNA的检测限。结论:PCR方法比传统细菌检测方法更特异、快速、灵敏和简便;为肉中单增李斯特菌的快速检测提供了新的手段。     

应用PCR技术快速测定食品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌毒力

目的：采用PCR 技术准确、快速测定单核细胞增生李斯特菌(单增李斯特氏菌)分离株的毒力基因,鉴别强毒株和弱毒株或无毒株,以有效地限制李斯特氏菌病的传播。方法：以单增李斯特氏菌相关毒力基因(hly、plcB、inlA、inlB、inlC、inlJ、prfA)设计引物,检测重庆市2007 - 2009 年分离的40 株单增李斯特氏菌分离株中的毒力基因携带率,并进行小鼠毒力实验。结果：40 株分离株中有15 株7 种毒力基因检测结果均为阳性,6 株hly 基因阴性,4 株plcB 基因阴性,4 株prfA 基因性,5 株inlA、inlB 基因阴性,11 株inlC 基因阴性,9 株inlJ基因阴性,1 株inlA、inlB、inlC、inlJ 基因均为阴性。4 株分离株的毒力与标准菌株ATCC191161E 相当,小鼠LD50 在1.2 × 108～6.0 × 108CFU/mL 之间,为强毒株。筛选出弱毒株09-132,LD50 为1.7 × 1011CFU/mL。结论：重庆市存在发生李斯特菌食物中毒的潜在危险,内化素基因(inlA、inlB、inlC、inlJ)的缺失可能是导致菌株毒力降低的原因,而prfA 和plcB 基因与菌株毒力的相关性较小。     

数字PCR定量检测食品中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌方法的研究

目的建立微滴式数字PCR技术(droplet digital PCR,ddPCR)定量检测食品中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌的分析方法。方法选择基因hly A为靶序列,设计PCR扩增引物和Taq Man探针,优化反应条件和反应体系,通过细菌分离和dd PCR方法对靶标基因的检测特异性、灵敏度和重复性进行实验,并对定量结果进行分析。结果 ddPCR反应中的最佳探针浓度为5 pmol/μL,特异性好,检出限为(3.6±0.1)copies/20μL,重复性实验良好,标准偏差为0.067%。ddPCR的拷贝数(copy number)与细菌密度(colony forming units,CFU/mL)形成了较好的线性关系。结论本研究建立dd PCR的拷贝数和菌液密度或菌落数的线性关系,可以为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌的快速定量检测提供参考。     

食品中单核细胞增生性李斯特氏菌PCR快速检测

通过扩增hly基因建立检测单核细胞增生性李斯特氏菌(Lm)的PCR方法.该方法具有较强的特异性,35株经传统方法鉴定的菌株PCR结果均为阳性,而其他三种同属异种菌,包括英诺克李斯特氏菌、绵羊李斯特氏菌和威尔斯李斯特氏菌及非李斯特氏菌均未扩增出特异性的片段.PCR方法对上Lm纯培养物的最低检测限为7.3CFU/μl,对模拟污染的生猪肉和蔬菜的检测低限为4CFU/g,牛奶为4CFU/ml.应用该方法对285份食品样品检测,17份样品Lm呈阳性,结果与常规的分离培养方法完全一致.该种方法具有敏感、特异、快速及准确的优点,可用于食品中Lm的快速检测.     

PCR-焦磷酸测序检测单增李斯特氏菌研究

摘要 目的：建立结合PCR-焦磷酸测序检测单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌( Listeria monocytogenes, LMO)的方法。方法：根据LMO的hly基因设计扩增引物和测序引物,特异地扩增目的片段,再制备单链模版在测序引物引导下进行焦磷酸测序,测序结果与GenBank中的hly基因序列比对判断LMO。结果：扩增引物和测序引物表现出良好的特异性,16株LMO均扩增出大小249bp的DNA片段,焦磷酸测序结果与hly基因序列100%匹配,而非LMO对照菌株未扩增出DNA条带,焦磷酸测序结果阴性。结论：建立的方法特异性高,是快速从DNA序列水平上检测LMO的有效手段。     

用PCR技术快速检测食品中的单核细胞增生性李斯特菌

建立了食品中单核细胞增生性李斯特菌快速、敏感、特异的聚合酶链反应PCR检测方法.选择的引物具有良好的单增李氏菌种的特异性.对人工污染在冷冻食品中单增李氏菌的检测低限是4-8CFU/10g,对其增菌液的检测低限是7.2-11×103/ml,每PCR反应体系的检测低限为86-132CFU.对400份自然污染样品的检测结果显示,PCR方法的检测结果同常规培养法的结果完全相符.     

Incidence and Enumeration of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Shellfish from Two Retail Sources and the Genetic Diversity of Isolates as Determined by RAPD-PCR Analysis

A total of 83 shellfish samples from two local retail sources (A and B) yielded 38 samples positive for the presence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus based on 3 tube MPN enrichments and isolation from thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar (TCBS) and biochemical tests. The 38 positive samples yielded 133 biochemically presumptive isolates of V. parahaemolyticus. Among these 133 presumptive isolates, 104 were confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which yielded more reliable identification results than the biochemical tests. The 38 biochemically presumptive samples yielded 29 samples that were confirmed by PCR to be positive for the presence of V. parahaemolyticus. RAPD analysis with three random primers was performed to examine the genetic diversity of 64 strains among the PCR confirmed V. parahaemolyticus isolates from both retail sources. 52 of 56 composite RAPD types consisted of single strains, indicating that most of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates were genetically quite heterogeneous. No strains representing the same RAPD type occurred in both retail outlets, implying that contamination of the shellfish by V. parahaemolyticus from the 2 retail sources was from different environmental locals and shellfish harvesting areas. Eight genomic clusters were generated at the 25% similarity level in a dendrogram based on RAPD profiles. With few exception, isolates with close genetic relationships grouping into an individual cluster tended to be derived from the same retail source.     

Application of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) Analysis to Listeria monocytogenes: A Review of Methodology and Results

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analyses have been found to be powerful molecular methods for differentiating isolates of a given bacterial species. When applied to Listeria monocytogenes, both methods have been found highly effective in tracking isolates involved in food borne outbreaks of listeriosis and in identifying routes of contamination in food processing plants. Among the two methods, PFGE is considered somewhat superior in discriminatory power. However, the use of two or more independent random primers with RAPD is considered to result in a level of discrimination equal to that of PFGE. When results from both methods are combined, a maximum level of discrimination that exceeds that obtained with both methods independently can be achieved. Individually, both methods far exceed the discriminatory power of serotyping and phage typing of L. monocytogenes strains in that serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b, represent over 90% of all human isolates, and phage typing at times has allowed typing of no more than about 50% of isolates. In addition, both RAPD and PFGE on occasion have been found to be superior to ribotyping, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, and restriction enzyme analysis of L. monocytogenes isolates.     

PCR-焦磷酸测序检测单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌研究

目的 建立结合PCR-焦磷酸测序检测单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌的方法.方法 根据单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌的hly基因设计扩增引物和测序引物,特异地扩增目的片段,再制备单链模板,在测序引物引导下进行焦磷酸测序,通过测序结果与GenBank中的hly基因序列的比对进行鉴定.结果 扩增引物和测序引物表现出良好的特异性,16株单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌菌株均扩增出大小249 bp的DNA片段,焦磷酸测序结果与hly基因序列100％匹配,而阴性对照菌株均未扩增出DNA条带,焦磷酸测序结果为阴性.结论 建立的方法特异性高,是快速从DNA序列水平上检测单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌的有效手段.     

Listeria monocytogenes in retail establishments: Contamination routes and control strategies

In the past two decades, serious outbreaks of foodborne disease were caused by Listeria monocytogenes, a pathogen frequently found in delicatessens at retail. Although the prevalence of listeriosis is not high, the severity of disease is significant, with high hospitalization and mortality rates. Potential sources of L. monocytogenes and food contamination routes in retail and food service operations include incoming raw materials, food products, food handlers, customers, vendors, and environmental sources. Risk mitigation strategies for L. monocytogenes should be based on integrated control along the food chain continuum, from farm to retail establishment.     

单核细胞增生李斯特菌质粒DNA参考物质的研制

目的 研制一种能够用于快速鉴定单核细胞增生李斯特菌(以下简称单增李斯特菌)的质粒DNA标准物质.方法 设计一种质粒DNA包含目前常用于单增李斯特菌检测的hlyA、plcB、inlA基因,并对其稳定性、均匀性和量值可追溯性进行评价.评估其在实时定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测中的适用性.结果 质粒DNA参考物质的最终定值...     

单核细胞增生性李斯特菌分子生物学检测技术的研究进展

单核细胞增生性李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,LM)是主要食源性致病菌之一,可引起李斯特菌病,感染严重者会出现致死现象。传统的单增李斯特菌检测方法耗时长,步骤繁琐。因此,特异性强,高效性以及简便的检测手段已成为研究热点。本文综述了运用分子生物学手段对单核细胞增生性李斯特菌检测的研究概况,并对该技术未来发展趋势进行了展望。      

荧光假单胞菌、沙门氏菌和单增李斯特菌多重PCR检测方法的建立

针对肉制品中易污染的荧光假单胞菌、沙门氏菌和单增李斯特菌等有害微生物,通过3 种标准菌株及肉制品建立多重聚合酶链式反应方法,实现肉制品中这3 种菌的同时、快速检测。利用荧光假单胞菌的gyrB基因、沙门氏菌的invA基因和单增李斯特菌的hlyA基因设计3 对特异性引物,在确定引物特异性的基础上,对3 种标准菌株及在冷却肉上过夜富集后进行灵敏度检测。结果表明,该多重聚合酶链式反应方法对于同时检测这3 种有害微生物具有高度的特异性;同时检测这3 种菌时,纯菌DNA检测限可达1 pg/μL;将3 种菌一起接种到冷却肉中35 ℃过夜培养后,荧光假单胞菌、沙门氏菌和单增李斯特菌的检测限分别可达到9、5、70 CFU/mL。     

单增李斯特菌毒力因子多重荧光PCR法 建立与应用

目的建立同时检测单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes)及其3种毒力因子的多重荧光PCR快速检测方法,并应用于日常食品的检测。方法根据单增李斯特菌溶血素基因hly A、内化素基因inl A和表面蛋白act A基因的保守序列,分别设计合成特异性引物和探针,优化多重荧光PCR反应体系。对该方法的特异性、敏感性和重复性进行评估。结果该法特异性强、敏感性高,对单增李斯特菌纯培养物的最低检出限410cfu/m L;重复性好,变异系数均小于2%。对84份食品检测结果与传统国标法相符,共检出单增李斯特菌4份,检出率为4.76%。多重荧光PCR检测方法耗时1 h,比传统方法节约2~5 d。4株单增李斯特菌分离株中2株同时含有inl A、act A、hly A 3种毒力基因,另2株为毒力基因act A缺失株,提示目前流行株并非同一来源。结论本研究建立的多重实时荧光PCR方法能同时对单增李斯特菌及其3种毒力因子进行快速检测,且灵敏度高、特异性好,为食源性疾病的病原学检测提供了快速可靠的方法。     

食品中单增李斯特氏菌检测PCR-免疫胶体金 试纸条方法的建立

目的 建立食品中单核增生李斯特氏菌快速检测PCR-免疫胶体金试纸条法。方法 通过设计特异性引物建立单增李斯特氏菌检测PCR方法并使用免疫胶体金技术建立PCR产物快速检测试纸条; 用试验菌株检测PCR-免疫胶体金试纸条方法的检测特异度与敏感度。使用新建方法对市售肉制品和乳制品中单核增生李斯特氏菌进行检测, 验证该方法在食品检测中的可行性。结果 PCR-免疫胶体金法具有良好的特异度, 敏感度比标准琼脂糖凝胶电泳法高100倍。采集乳品样品131份, 阳性样品1份, 检出率1.53%; 肉制品224份, 阳性样品4份, 检测率1.79%。结论 建立的单增李斯特氏菌检测PCR-免疫胶体金试纸条法特异度好, 敏感度高, 适用于食品中单增李斯特氏菌的检测。