L-丝氨酸产生菌的选育与发酵条件的初步研究

以一株黄假单胞属（Pseudomonas flavus）菌株A3为出发菌株，经过紫外（UV）诱变和硫酸二乙酯（DES）逐级诱变处理和选育，选育出一株能够以甲醇为唯一碳源的兼性甲基营养型菌jw-01（mth^R、gly^R）。在含甘氨酸3％、甲醇1％的发酵培养基中发酵3d后L-丝氨酸产量为6．2g/L，较出发菌株提高了67．6％。该菌具有较好的传代稳定性。     

L-异亮氨酸菌种选育及发酵条件优化

以栖糖蜜棒杆菌（Corynedacterium melassecola）ATCC17965为出发菌株。根据代谢控制发酵原理。经硫酸二乙酯和60^Co诱变处理。定向选育出一株L-异亮氨酸产生菌131-5（SG^r＋LeuME^r＋Leu＋AHV^r＋Suc^g＋Eth^r）。在培养基未经优化的情况下产L-异亮氨酸14-15g／L．同时，考察了培养基及发酵每件对茼株产酸的影响，在优化的培养基和发酵条件下积累L-异亮氨酸19．2g／L．最高时可迭21．3g／L．     

利用Pseudoalteromonas elyakouii菌株发酵法生产褐藻胶寡糖培养基的改进

利用Pseudoalteromonas elyakouii菌株发酵降解相对分子质量10000左右的褐藻胶，制备褐藻胶寡糖．为了达到降低培养基成本和简化分离工艺的目的，使用（NH4）2SO4为氮源的发酵培养基来代替使用蛋白胨为氮源的发酵培养基．为了促进菌的生长和发酵产物褐藻胶寡糖的生成，在新发酵培养基中分别添加海带浸液、葡萄糖、乳糖、几种氨基酸和几种代谢中间产物（丙酮酸、柠檬酸、延胡索酸、尿素），并考察这些成分对菌生长和发酵产物褐藻胶寡糖生成的影响．研究发现：在基本培养基中和添加0．1g／L的L-谷氨酰氨、0．1g／L尿素或0．1g／L柠檬酸时可获得较高的产物浓度。     

细菌L-乳酸发酵培养基的优化

利用热葡糖苷酶芽胞杆菌（Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius）TL-4厌氧发酵生产L-乳酸,为降低L-乳酸生产成本,以农产品及副产物为主要原料,通过单因子试验确定TTL-4产L-乳酸的碳源及氮源,并运用正交试验对摇瓶发酵不同氮源的组合进行了研究,确定了发酵培养基中影响产酸的主要因子及配比。优化发酵培养基为葡萄糖160g／L,小肽发酵液10g／L,玉米浆5g／L,摇瓶发酵L-乳酸产量可达152．5g／L。     

均匀设计法优化L-丝氨酸发酵培养基

为了提高假单胞菌N-13发酵液中L-丝氨酸产量,采用单因素试验法和均匀设计法对其发酵培养基进行优化.先用单因素试验法考察各培养基组分对L-丝氨酸产量的影响,再用均匀设计法进一步优化.优化后的培养基为:甘氨酸26g/L,甲醇0.8％,(NH4)2SO418g/L,玉米浆18g/L,CaCO3 26g/L.在此条件下,发酵液中L-丝氨酸的产量达到5.91g/L,较单因素实验最高值提高23.1％.     

谷氨酸温度敏感突变株的驯化及发酵条件研究

利用谷氨酸温度敏感突变株高产甘蔗糖蜜的性能，在甘蔗糖蜜浓度为80g／L的发酵培养基中进行定向驯化。试验结果表明：该驯化方法可有效地提高该菌株的产酸率和糖酸转化率，在优化的发酵条件下，L-谷氨酸的平均产量为126g／L，糖酸转化率61．24％。     

耐酒精高产L-乳酸菌株的筛选及发酵培养基优化

为提高L-乳酸产量,降低L-乳酸的生产成本,该研究经过筛选、驯化获得一株耐酒精且高产L-乳酸的菌株鼠李糖乳杆菌AK-0779。使用玉米酒糟代替部分酵母粉作为菌株AK-0779发酵培养基的氮源。在单因素实验基础上,对葡萄糖添加量、酵母粉添加量和玉米酒糟添加量进行三因素三水平响应面优化试验。结果表明,最适发酵培养基为：葡萄糖添加量9.80%,玉米酒糟添加量0.98%,酵母粉添加量1.72%,L-乳酸产量为78.91 g/L,糖酸转换率为80.52%。与酵母粉完全充当氮源产L-乳酸82.36 g/L相比,产量无显著差异,说明玉米酒糟能有效代替部分酵母粉作为发酵培养基的氮源,降低L-乳酸生产成本。     

绿色木霉液体发酵产纤维素酶的培养基优化

研究液体摇瓶发酵产纤维素酶的最佳培养基组成。通过单因素实验确定了培养基中氮源、碳源和诱导碳源的种类,采用正交试验确定了培养基中4种主要营养成分的组成。结果表明,摇瓶液体发酵产纤维素酶的最佳产酶培养基的种类和组成为：有机氮源蛋白胨和无机氮源硫酸铵的含量分别为11g／L和13g／L,葡萄糖6g/L,磷酸二氢钾10．5g/L,爆破的稻草为13．4g/L;纤维素酶的滤纸酶活为19．22U／mL。     

响应面法优化谷胱甘肽发酵生产培养基的研究

本研究以酿酒酵母变异株为出发菌株,利用Box—Benhnken中心组合设计和响应面法对该菌株产谷胱甘肽的培养基组成进行优化。实验结果表明：在10°Be’麦芽汁中添加38g／L葡萄糖、6．3g／L（NH4）2SO4及1．9g／L L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐时,谷胱甘肽产量达到120mg／L,生物量达到11．02g／L,比优化前分别提高了71．36％、39．67％。     

尿苷菌种选育及发酵条件优化

以野生型枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillussubtilis）TJ374为出发菌株,根据代控制发酵原理,采用DES（硫酸二乙酯）及UV（紫外）诱变处理,定向选育出一株尿苷产生菌Tc142（2TU。＋6AU％UP^-）,在培养基未经优化的情况下产尿苷2．3-2．4g／L。同时,考察了培养基对菌株产苷的影响,在优化的培养基中发酵积累尿苷3．4g／L,最高可产尿苷3．6g／L。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the