不同P与V比的Mo/VPO催化剂物相组成及其催化性能

采用有机相法制备了不同P与V物质的量比的Mo掺杂VOHPO₄·0.5H₂O前驱体,并通过体积分数为50%空气-40%氮气-10%水蒸汽混合气氛活化得到Mo/VPO催化剂,采用固定床反应器评价其催化正丁烷氧化制顺酐的性能。结果表明,Mo/VPO催化剂催化活性随P与V物质的量比的增大而降低,但顺酐选择性与P与V物质的量比并不呈线性关系,P与V物质的量比为0.9的Mo/VPO催化剂具有最佳的催化性能。XRD分析表明,Mo/VPO催化剂催化正丁烷氧化制顺酐的主要活性物相为(VO)₂P₂O₇和钒磷云母相,形成的主要因素不是P与V物质的量比,而是由焙烧条件决定。低P与V物质的量比的Mo/VPO中存在的少量V₂O₅物相能够提升催化剂的活性和顺酐选择性,但含量过高会因深度氧化降低催化性能。催化剂中存在的钒磷云母相有利于缩短催化剂稳定时间并提升催化性能。     

Ti/Zr助剂掺杂VPO催化正丁烷选择性氧化制顺酐

采用有机相法制备钒磷氧(VPO)催化剂,并在合成过程中加入Ti/Zr助剂,使用微型固定床反应器评价其催化正丁烷选择性氧化制顺酐的性能,考察了不同助剂元素及其化合物形式和添加量对催化剂性能的影响,分析了添加助剂对催化剂晶相及微观形貌的影响. 结果表明,加入助剂未改变催化剂的晶相结构,但促进了活性相(VO)2P2O7生成,且使反应后催化剂微观形貌发生改变,片层更破碎,活性相暴露,同时生成了利于反应的微量V5+;助剂金属Ti和Zr与V元素间的相互作用对催化剂表面P浓度及V价态都有一定影响;与不加助剂的VPO催化剂相比,相同反应条件下,Ti/Zr助剂修饰的VPO催化性能显著提高,摩尔比Zr/V为1.5%的Zr(NO3)4为助剂的催化剂的催化性能最佳,稳定状态下正丁烷的转化率高达99.1%,顺酐收率为54.4%.     

乙二醇选择性氧化制备乙醇酸催化剂体系的研究

制备了用于选择性氧化乙二醇制备乙醇酸的Pt—Bi／Al2O3、Pd—Bi／Al2O3催化剂；考察了负载金属催化剂的含量、氧气压力及反应温度等条件对目标反应产物催化性能的影响。试验结果表明，Pt—Bi／Al2O3催化剂比Pd—Bi／Al2O3具有更佳的催化性能，于343K及300kPa氧气分压等条件下，在含Pt2．0％的Pt—Bi／Al2O3催化剂体系中，乙醇酸的收率可达到93．60％。确定了最佳的乙二醇氧化制备乙醇酸的绿色氧化工艺条件。     

用甲苯合成苯甲腈的研究

研究了3种催化剂对甲苯氨氧化反应的催化性能、反应温度、原料配比和空速对苯甲腈收率的影响。结果表明,V－Cr-Co-B-O/SiO2催化剂具有反应温度低、氨和氧的配比小、生产能力和苯甲腈收率高等优点。当原料配比为甲苯：氨：氧＝1：4．7：3,空速800h^-1及反应温度350℃的条件下,苯甲腈收率可达85．5％。     

碱土金属醇类低共熔溶剂强化钒磷氧催化剂的制备及催化性能研究

钒磷氧(VPO)催化剂是目前实现正丁烷选择性氧化的唯一工业催化剂。利用金属助剂掺杂以及有机助剂强化是提高VPO催化剂性能的有效手段。本工作通过加入氯化镁醇类金属低共熔溶剂,实现了有机-金属助剂同时对VPO催化剂性能的调控。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、BET全自动比表面与孔隙度分析仪(BET)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)等表征手段,深入探讨了合成过程中加入不同氢键供体乙二醇(EG)、1-4丁二醇(BDO)和甘油(GL)的低共熔溶剂对VPO催化剂微观形貌、比表面积、物相、表面性质和晶相转变温度的影响,同时利用固定床反应器对VPO催化剂催化正丁烷氧化制备顺酐的性能进行了评价。结果表明,氯化镁乙二醇低共熔溶剂调控制备的VPO催化剂具有分散性良好、比表面积大、活性面(020)的数量多、表面P原子富集和表面V平均价态低等特点,在丁烷氧化选择性制顺酐反应中表现出了良好的催化性能,为VPO催化剂的制备提供了新思路。     

催化湿式氧化处理农药废水的研究

利用担载型双金属活性组分催化剂，考察了反应温度、压力、进料空速和V（空气）：V（H2O）（体积比）等反应条件对催化湿式氧化处理某农药废水效果的影响。对于该种废水，在4．2MPa，245℃，空速为2．0h^-1，V（空气）：V（H2O）＝300的反应条件下，废水的COD去除率可达到91．3％。经处理后废水的BOD5／COD＞0．5，说明其可生化性能良好。     

V2O5负载量对V2O5／TiO2催化剂SCR法脱硝的影响

以TiO2载体,采用浸渍法制备了不同V2O5负载量的用于选择性催化还原NOx的V2O5／TiO2催化剂。利用BET,SEM和Ⅺ①,对不同V2O5负载量的催化剂组成、结构、形貌和性能进行了表征,考察不同V2O5负载量对催化剂制备的影响。结果表明制备的催化剂具有较多的中孔和微孔,催化剂中V2O5含量的增加,会降低催化剂的表面积;V2O5含量为2％的V2O5／TiO2催化剂样品比表面积最大,但是其活性非常低;V2O5含量为4％催化剂比表面积较大,NOx脱转化率高;V2O5的负载量小时,V2O5主要以等轴聚合的钒基型式（V3O7和V6O13）存在,这些钒基是催化剂的活性中心;当负载量超过6％,V2O5主要以结晶相存在,占据大量活性位,降低催化效果。     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯合成中VPO 催化剂活性的研究

研究了催化剂V2O5-P2O5／SiO2的制备,并对其结构、性能进行了表征。通过甲基丙烯酸甲酯的催化合成过程,对该催化剂的活性进行了考察。解释和分析了催化剂的制备、组成及反应条件等因素对其活性及甲基丙烯酸甲酯合成的影响。实验结果给出常压下气固相催化合成甲基丙烯酸甲酯效果较好的催化剂V2O5-P2O5／SiO2的制备条件：V／P摩尔比为1：2．8,活化温度为450℃,浸渍时间3h。实验结果还给出常压下催化剂V2O5-P2O5／SiO2催化合成甲基丙烯酸甲酯效果较优的反应条件：在空速1500h^-1,反应温度300℃,丙酸甲酯／甲缩醛摩尔比为1．6：1的条件下进行常压反应,所得甲缩醛转化率为86．7％,甲基丙烯酸甲酯的选择性为66．2％,收率为57．40％。     

催化湿式氧化法在苯酚废水预处理中的应用研究

与湿式空气氧化相比，催化湿式氧化可以在温和条件下达到较好的废水处理效果。考察了CuO/η－Al2O3和活性炭两种催化剂处理苯酚废水的催化效果，结果表明在温和条件下可以达到较高COD去除率：在140℃下，催化湿式氧化1h，CODcr去除率分别达到93．2％和88．4％。在160℃下，催化湿式氧化1h，CODcr去除率分别达到93．4％和90．1％。在140℃下，苯酚废水经过湿式空气氧化1h后，BOD5／CODcr仅仅达到0．08，不适合后续生物法处理；使用活性炭催化剂，BOD5／CODcr达到了0．18，而使用CuO／η－Al2O3催化剂，BOD5／CODcr达到了0．30，因此，用CuO／η－Al2O3催化剂处理苯酚废水可以在较低温度下达到预处理效果。     

磷酸氧钒催化剂制备及其催化氧化性能研究进展

综述磷酸氧钒(VPO)催化剂制备方法及其对烷烃类物质催化氧化反应的研究进展,分析催化剂制备过程中载体、助剂、还原剂、分散剂、磷钒原子比以及在醇类溶液中回流时间等对VPO催化剂性能的影响。介绍VPO催化剂对烷烃类物质选择性氧化反应的反应机理,并展望VPO催化剂未来发展方向。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.