融合LBP和局部稀疏表示的人脸表情识别

为更好获取人脸局部表情特征,提出了一种融合局部二值模式（Local Binary Pattern,LBP）和局部稀疏表示的人脸表情特征与识别方法。为深入分析表情对人脸子区域的影响,根据五官特征对人脸进行非均匀分区,并提取局部LBP特征;为精细刻画人脸局部纹理,整合人脸局部特征,设计了人脸局部稀疏重构表示方法,并根据表情对各局部子区域的影响因子,加权融合局部重构残差进行人脸表情识别。在JAFFE2表情人脸库上的对比实验,验证了该方法的可行性和鲁棒性。     

一种有效的三维人脸恒定识别特征构造方法*

为消除表情变化对人脸识别结果的影响,构造相对恒定的人脸识别特征,提出了一种恒定特征构造方法：在人脸曲面上分割出基本不受表情变化影响的区域;对该区域原始数据进行统一规格的二次采样,保证数据精度的一致性;分析特征区域的数据,得到原始特征向量;变换、组合特征向量,构造此区域的恒定特征向量;将此特征用于人脸的分类识别,以克服表情变化的影响。通过在实际三维人脸数据库上的实验,验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于LGBP特征和稀疏表示的人脸表情识别

人脸表情识别是一项充满挑战的工作,提出一种基于局部Gabor二值模式(LGBP)特征和稀疏表示的表情识别方法.对表情图像进行归一化处理,标定眉毛、眼睛、嘴巴等部位的特征点,划分出5个表情子区域.对各个子区域进行多尺度多方向的Gabor滤波,对Gabor系数图谱进行局部二值模式(LBP)编码,通过直方图方法降维,形成显著的特征向量.根据特征向量构建符合视觉特征的过完备字典,运用稀疏表示分类方法进行表情识别.通过在JAFFE表情库上进行实验,表情识别率达到87.5％,表明了该方法的有效性.     

融合Gabor、LBP与LPQ特征的面部表情识别

针对传统的Gabor无法兼顾识别率与实时性的缺点,提出了一种融合Gabor、LBP、LPQ三种特征的表情识别算法.首先采用Gabor变换提取人脸图像的边缘信息,根据获得的变换表征结果,提取其LBP特征及LPQ特征;通过PCA算法对提取的特征进行降维,并对降维后的LBP特征及LPQ特征进行直方图操作;最后,设计基于ELM神经网络面部表情分类器.应用JAFFE人脸表情数据库的测试结果表明,该方法比传统方法具有更高的识别准确度和更快的识别速度.     

结合LBP特征和深度学习的人脸表情识别

对于人脸表情识别,传统方法是先提取图像特征,再使用机器学习方法进行识别,这种方法不但特征提取过程复杂且泛化能力也差。为了达到更好的人脸表情识别效果,文中提出一种结合特征提取和卷积神经网络的人脸表情识别方法。首先使用基于Haar-like特征的AdaBoost算法对于数据库原始图片进行人脸区域检测,然后提取人脸区域局部二值模式（Local Binary Patterns,LBP）特征图,将其尺寸归一化后输入到改进的LeNet-5神经网络模型中进行识别。在CK+和JAFFE数据集上采用10折交叉验证方法进行实验,分别为98.19%和96.35%的准确率。实验结果表明该方法与其他主流方法相比在人脸表情识别上有一定的先进性和有效性。     

基于BP神经网络的人脸识别研究

为了对人脸图像的特征向量进行分类以达到人脸识别的目的,本文提出了运用BP神经网络进行人脸识别的方法。将人脸图像矩阵的奇异值作为识别特征,将BP神经网络作为分类器,通过实验表明该方法操作性强,结果可靠,可以快速的进行人脸图像识别。     

自适应加权融合显著性结构张量和LBP的表情识别

针对局部二值模式（Local Binary Pattern，LBP）提取纹理特征时忽略了图像的局部结构信息问题，提出一种自适应加权融合显著性结构张量和LBP的表情识别算法。该算法通过对整幅图片进行显著性区域检测得到全局显著图来消除细小的纹理和噪声。在显著图的基础上进一步提取两种显著性纹理特征，根据每种特征信息熵的贡献度来作为特征向量的加权依据。利用支持向量机（Support Vector Machine，SVM）进行表情图像的分类。实验结果表明，自适应加权融合的两种纹理特征能够较好地描述人脸的特征，有效地提高表情识别率。     

融合DCT和LBP特征的表情识别

为了获得更好的面部表情特征,提出了一种融合离散余弦变换（Discrete Cosine Transform,DCT）特征和局部二值模式（Local Binary Pattern,LBP）特征的表情特征提取方法。该方法将人脸图像经过DCT后所获得的低频系数作为表情的整体特征;通过对人脸图像进行分块,计算每个子块的LBP直方图,将这些LBP直方图连接起来形成LBP特征,对该LBP特征使用拉普拉斯特征映射（Laplacian Eigenmaps,LE）降维后得到表情的局部特征。将得到的整体特征和局部特征进行加权融合,使用最近邻分类器进行分类。在JAFFE和Cohn-Kanade表情库上的实验结果表明,该方法比单独使用LBP或者DCT特征,具有更好的效果。     

基于小波和余弦变换的神经网络人脸识别法

提出了利用小波变换和余弦变换与 BP 神经网络相结合的人脸识别方法。将人脸图像归一化后进行小波变换,再用余弦变换对低频信号提取特征向量,达到降维和去除干扰的目的,并把特征向量送进 BP 神经网络训练。识别时,对人脸图像进行相同的变换后,送入神经网络进行辨别。实验结果表明,该算法优于传统的人脸识别法。     

结合改进的LBP和LDP的人脸表情识别

提出了一种结合改进的LBP（局部二值模式）和LDP（局部定向模式）的人脸表情特征提取方法。改进的LBP维数明显降低,更多地考虑了空间结构信息且计算速度得到了提高。LDP方法具有很强的抗噪能力,更好地提取边缘信息。基于两种方法可以优势互补,先对图像分块子区域用改进的LBP进行特征提取,再用LDP对脸部子区域进行特征提取,最后把改进的LBP提取的特征和LDP提取的特征按顺序串接起来作为总特征,用最近邻进行分类。在JAFFE表情库进行了实验,证明提出的方法能够有效地提高人脸表情的识别率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.