表面粗糙度对压气机叶栅流动特性的影响

在低速平面叶栅风洞中,实验研究了表面粗糙度对高负荷压气机流动特性的影响,并对叶片吸力面不同位置布置的表面粗糙度进行了对比分析。通过墨迹流场显示法对叶栅壁面流场进行了测量,利用五孔气动探针对叶栅出口截面进行了扫掠,给出了不同方案出口截面马赫数、二次流速度矢量的分布以及叶栅的流场特征,以分析和探讨表面粗糙度对叶栅流动特性的影响。结果表明,吸力面局部表面粗糙度的增加使得角区分离范围减小;且随着粗糙带向尾缘移动,角区分离范围的减小程度也逐渐增加。     

扩压叶栅中端壁附面层抽吸对流场品质调控的研究

为调控平面扩压叶栅流场品质、使测量结果满足二维性,在叶栅端壁增加附面层抽吸装置。采用试验校核的数值方法,分析了不同抽吸位置、不同抽吸流量、不同冲角时端壁附面层抽吸对平面扩压叶栅出口气流角、轴向密流比和总压损失系数等参数的影响。结果表明：在抽吸位置上,位于叶片中前部的抽吸方案对扩压叶栅流场品质的改善效果相对最好。随抽吸流量增加,流场品质进一步改善,抽吸流量为原型进口流量的3%可使冲角为0°时的轴向密流比降低至0.995,主流区出口气流角偏差小于0.1°;抽吸流量为原型进口流量的2.25%可使计算冲角范围内轴向密流比均降低至1.05以下,主流区出口气流角偏差小于0.2°。冲角在-5°,-3°和0°时端壁抽吸使50%相对叶高位置处平均总压损失降低,冲角在2°,4°时使50%相对叶高位置处平均总压损失增加,损失冲角特性更接近理想二维叶栅。     

压气机叶片扭转度加工超差分析与研究

为了研究压气机叶片加工过程中常见的扭转度超差现象对压气机性能和流场的影响,本文采用数值模拟手段,结合理论分析方法,对单级轴流压气机动、静叶各3个典型制造截面(20%、50%和70%相对叶高)处的扭转度超差进行了详细的研究和分析。结果表明,动叶70%叶高截面的扭转度超差对压气机等熵效率和总压比的影响最为显著。进一步的敏感性分析指出,扭转度的变化与压气机的总性能参数呈负线性的变化趋势。     

汽轮机末级动叶片断裂级性能数值研究

针对某电厂汽轮机末级叶片断裂后修整再用这一实际情况,应用FINE/Turbo软件模拟断裂前后的流场,讨论、分析末级叶片断裂后对汽轮机末级及其它各级性能的影响,得出如下结论:汽轮机效率降低、汽耗增加。各级后压力升高,汽轮机轴向推力、扭矩降低;各级压力参数相对于未断裂时有所降低,特别是次末级出口压力参数降低最多;叶片断裂处速度分布不均匀、变化较剧烈,在叶顶处形成了较大的回流区,流动损失加大。     

船舶燃气轮机进气系统惯性级滤清器叶片优化设计

惯性级滤清器性能是影响船舶燃气轮机进气系统出口流场品质的重要因素,也在一定程度上决定了船舶的动力水平。本文采用气-液两相流数值模拟方法,以低总压损失和高过滤效率为共同目标,结合试验设计方法,分别构建了总压损失、过滤效率与叶片几何参数间的响应面方程,并采用多目标遗传优化算法对惯性级滤清器叶片参数进行优化设计。结果表明：优化后的惯性级滤清器在所研究速度条件下均以更小的总压损失实现了更高的过滤效率。2 m/s的速度方案下,优化后的总压损失减少了16.98%,过滤效率提升37.61%;7 m/s的速度方案下,优化后的总压损失减少16.7%,而过滤效率提升20.83% ;流速高时应选用叶片间距更小、坡度更低、叶片越长的滤清器;而低流速应该改用间距更大、长度更短、坡度更高的惯性级滤清器叶片。优化后的滤清器叶片结构既减小了叶片背风区的分离,使总压损失减小,也增加了液体颗粒与叶片的接触而提升了过滤效率,从而提高了滤清器的整体性能。     

小容积流量工况对排汽缸的影响分析

汽轮机末级排汽是影响排汽缸运行的关键因素。对汽轮机末级与排汽缸流场进行了数值模拟,得到当末级处于不同容积流量工况时,排汽缸内流动特性及气动性能。结果表明:随着容积流量的减小,排汽缸内流线分布恶化,扩压通道内靠近外导流环区域出现漩涡,其范围及强度随容积流量减小而增加,扩压性能下降;排汽通道流线紊乱度增加,出现复杂涡系,出口截面流动稳定性下降;大尺度漩涡的存在增加了排汽缸能量损失,静压恢复系数下降,总压损失系数增大。     

部分叶高串列扩压器对离心压气机性能的影响

为了保证离心压气机压比同时拓宽其稳定工作范围,将部分叶高概念引入串列扩压器设计中,获得部分叶高串列扩压器,并基于数值方法研究串列叶栅前后排叶片相对周向位置以及前排叶片相对高度对离心压气机与串列扩压器性能的影响.在相对周向位置为30%的串列扩压器基础上,利用不同部分叶高叶片设计串列扩压器前排叶片,获得不同的部分叶高串列扩压器.结果表明:串列叶栅前后排叶片相对周向位置对扩压器的扩压能力以及稳定工作范围有很大影响,当相对周向位置处于20%~30%内时离心压气机的整体性能达到最佳;与原离心压气机相比,当前排叶片相对高度h/B分别为40%和50%时,离心压气机的喘振裕度可分别增加21%和25%,总压比和等熵效率仅下降1%左右.     

部分叶高串列扩压器对离心压气机性能的影响

为了保证离心压气机压比同时拓宽其稳定工作范围,将部分叶高概念引入串列扩压器设计中,获得部分叶高串列扩压器,并基于数值方法研究串列叶栅前后排叶片相对周向位置以及前排叶片相对高度对离心压气机与串列扩压器性能的影响.在相对周向位置为30%的串列扩压器基础上,利用不同部分叶高叶片设计串列扩压器前排叶片,获得不同的部分叶高串列扩压器.结果表明:串列叶栅前后排叶片相对周向位置对扩压器的扩压能力以及稳定工作范围有很大影响,当相对周向位置处于20%~30%内时离心压气机的整体性能达到最佳;与原离心压气机相比,当前排叶片相对高度h/B分别为40%和50%时,离心压气机的喘振裕度可分别增加21%和25%,总压比和等熵效率仅下降1%左右.     

串列叶栅前后排叶片周向相对位置对离心压气机性能的影响

串列叶栅前后排叶片相对位置对串列扩压器的性能有重要影响.根据离心叶轮出口气流参数设计了一离心式串列叶栅扩压器,并利用数值模拟方法在前、后排叶栅周向相对位置分别为10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%和90%时对离心压气机级进行了计算和分析,研究周向相对位置变化对离心压气机性能的影响以及作用机理.数值模拟结果表明:随着前后排叶栅周向相对位置变化,后排叶栅前缘滞止高压区相对前排叶栅的位置发生了变化,影响了前排叶栅压力面的压力分布,从而改变了前排叶栅压力分布及大小;当前后排叶栅周向相对位置为30%时,扩压器性能达到最佳,使压气机总压比和等熵效率最大,稳定工作范围增大;前后排叶栅所形成的渐缩通道可抑制后排叶栅吸力面边界层的分离.     

某燃气轮机低压压气机加级设计方法研究

以某燃气轮机低压8级压气机为母型,开展加零级改进设计。通过对母型机进行分析,合理地选取匹配点,对压气机零级进行了一维、二维气动设计,最后对零级压气机叶片进行三维造型。数值结果表明:新设计压气机在设计转速7 450 r/min下,流量为123 kg/s,总压比为6.125,等熵效率为88.3%,喘振裕度为32.8%,达到了设计指标;新设计零级与母型机流场匹配较好;通过对压气机变工况性能进行分析,各主要运行工况喘振裕度满足10%设计要求。     

多级高负荷轴流压气机出口总温分布特征研究

采用数值模拟和试验相结合的方法对某十级高负荷高压压气机末级总温分布规律及产生机理进行了详细的分析和阐述。结果表明：压气机末级静叶出口总温在径向和周向的分布均呈现出较明显的非均匀分布,在径向上表现为叶根和叶尖区域总温高而叶中区域总温低的分布特征,在周向上表现为主流区总温低而尾迹区总温高的分布特征;径向总温分散度沿压气机末级静叶往下游发展过程中呈现逐渐降低的变化趋势,而周向总温分散度则呈现先增加后减小的变化趋势;压气机末级静叶入口总温径向不均匀分布及大弓形静叶设计产生的“C”型径向压力分布特征是导致压气机出口总温周向不均匀分布的根本原因。     

两级动叶可调轴流风机内流特征的数值模拟

采用Fluent软件对某600 MW机组配套的两级动叶可调轴流一次风机进行了全三维定常数值模拟,分析了风机第一、第二级叶轮内流特征和动叶安装角对风机性能的影响.结果表明：第二级叶轮出口总压整体呈现高压区和次高压区交替分布的特征,且比第一级叶轮的对称性差;第一、第二级叶轮叶片压力面、吸力面的总压和静压分布规律相似;第二级叶轮叶片压力面和吸力面相应位置上的静压值均大于第一级叶轮叶片;随着动叶安装角的增大,第一、第二级叶轮的总压升系数和静叶的扩压系数均增大,且第二级叶轮大于第一级叶轮,表明第二级叶轮的做功能力和静叶的扩压能力均比第一级叶轮的大.     

进口畸变下涡流发生器对压气机流场的影响

为研究进口总压畸变条件下涡流发生器对压气机流场的影响,建立单级轴流压气机模型,计算和分析了不同工况下的压气机内部流场.计算结果显示:在进口畸变条件下,压气机流场恶化,性能降低;使用涡流发生器后,可以有效改善静叶叶根附近的流场,控制叶片尾缘分离,降低沿叶高方向的压力波动,从而削弱进口畸变对效率的负面影响,改善出口压力场,...     

过渡段部分对某高压压气机性能影响研究

以某型高压九级轴流压气机为研究对象,通过NUMECA软件进行模拟计算,研究了前过渡段、过渡段支板和出口过渡段的气体流动损失对压气机性能的影响,并采用DFFD参数化方法和多岛遗传算法对过渡段部分进行了结构改型与气动优化设计。结果表明:相比不带过渡段的压气机模型,原型过渡段使等熵效率降低1.57%,经过对过渡段型线改进以及对过渡段支板的优化设计,优化后过渡段使等熵效率仅降低0.63%;优化后的过渡段部分气流阻塞减少、损失减小,使得高压压气机整体效率较优化前提高0.94%;经流场损失分析发现,支板段和出口扩压延长段是造成堵塞和效率降低的主要原因。     

Effects of probe support on the flow field of a low-speed axial compressor

This paper presents an investigation on the effect of probe support on the flow field of an axial compressor.The experiment is carried out in a large-scale low-speed research compressor.A cylindrical probe support intruding to 50% blade span was installed at 50% chord upstream from the rotor leading edge.The region from 5° to 32° off the probe support in the direction of rotation at the rotor outlet was measured with a 5-hole probe and a high-response total pressure probe.The experiment is performed at both near-design and near-stall points.The measuring results of 5-hole probe and high-response total pressure probe indicate that the probe blockage effect is different at different blade spans.The wake of the probe support weakens the leakage vortex intensity at the tip region,leading to greater total pressure rise.At near-design condition,the presence of probe support has a negative effect on the region from 75% to 92% span,while improves the flow field below 75% span.At near stall condition,the probe support has a negative effect on the region from 70% to 90% span,and almost has no influence on the flow field below 70% span.     

Effects of measuring positions on the measured aerodynamic performance of a centrifugal compressor

This paper performs a numerical simulation of three-dimensional flow field in a centrifugal compressor with long inlet and outlet pipes using CFX software. By arranging virtual probes at different positions in both inlet and outlet planes, the aerodynamic performance of the centrifugal compressor is measured and compared with each other. Then effects of measuring positions on measurement results are discussed. The results show that it will generate notable measuring errors of the pressure ratio and efficiency if the inlet total pressure is measured using a single-point probe. The inlet total pressure data can be accurate when they are measured using a 3-point rake. The outlet total pressure and total temperature data can not be accurate if they are respectively measured at one circumferential position even using a multi-point rake. Increasing tangential measuring positions at the outlet is effective to improve the test accuracy. When the outlet total pressure and total temperature are respectively measured at 3 tangential positions, the data can be almost accurate.     

Design and optimization of a single stage centrifugal compressor for a solar dish-Brayton system

According to the requirements of a solar dish-Brayton system,a centrifugal compressor stage with a minimum total pressure ratio of 5,an adiabatic efficiency above 75% and a surge margin more than 12% needs to be designed.A single stage,which consists of impeller,radial vaned diffuser,90° crossover and two rows of axial stators,was chosen to satisfy this system.To achieve the stage performance,an impeller with a 6:1 total pressure ratio and an adiabatic efficiency of 90% was designed and its preliminary geometry came from an in-house one-dimensional program.Radial vaned diffuser was applied downstream of the impeller.Two rows of axial stators after 90° crossover were added to guide the flow into axial direction.Since jet-wake flow,shockwave and boundary layer separation coexisted in the impeller-diffuser region,optimization on the radius ratio of radial diffuser vane inlet to impeller exit,diffuser vane inlet blade angle and number of diffuser vanes was carried out at design point.Finally,an optimized centrifugal compressor stage fulfilled the high expectations and presented proper performance.Numerical simulation showed that at design point the stage adiabatic efficiency was 79.93% and the total pressure ratio was 5.6.The surge margin was 15%.The performance map including 80%,90% and 100% design speed was also presented.     

Flow fields with tip leakage vortex in a small axial cooling fan

In order to improve the fan characteristics, especially efficiency and noise level of a small axial cooling fan with a large tip clearance, the internal flow measurements with tip leakage vortex were carried out at fan rotor outlet us- ing an I-type hot-wire probe. The probe was set toward two directions, parallel and normal to the meridional plane of test fan, and the two directional velocity components were measured. From the result of fan test it was found that the test fan didn＇t have the unstable characteristic with a positive gradient on its pressure - flow-rate curve. From the results of velocity measurement it was observed that the tip leakage vortex exited at maximum efficiency flow-rate and large flow-rate conditions. However, at small flow-rate conditions the tip leakage vortex was not observed and it was found that the flow field were enlarged toward radial outwards     

多级轴流压气机模化设计中尺寸缩放对气动性能影响的数值研究

为了研究几何尺寸模化缩放及叶尖间隙对多级轴流压气机气动性能及内部流动的影响,采用Numeca程序对17级轴流压气机开展了数值计算。结果表明：在80%及100%等高转速条件下压气机效率随着模化比例增大而增大,而在50%转速下模化缩放对压气机效率的影响较小。相对于原型压气机,模化放大时,压气机前8级单级压比均有所降低,而后8级压比均提高;模化缩小时,压气机的变化规律则相反。随着压气机几何尺寸的增大,静叶叶根和叶尖区域的总压恢复系数显著提高。同时,叶片叶尖泄漏流区域的熵增减少,从而使各级效率均有所提升。缩放模化中,随着叶尖间隙的增大,泄漏流增多,恶化了动叶叶尖附近的流动分离,降低了动叶后50%弦长区域的相对马赫数,同时扩大了静叶上端壁的流动分离,使压气机效率降低。     

某型多级轴流压气机三维CFD流场分析及气动优化

以某11级轴流压气机为研究对象,通过三维计算软件对某型压气机整机建模及流场进行了数值模拟,分别计算了设计工况、变工况及改变导叶安装角等工况的特性,得到了压气机流量－压比特性曲线、流量－效率特性曲线,与压气机的性能试验数据进行了对比,其误差在可允许范围内.同时对压气机的每一级的数据行了分析,总结了该压气机的气动设计规律.通过流场分析得到出口导叶的流场分布不合理的结论,并通过对其母型机的流场分析,提出了改进的方案.这些工作对压气机的设计开发提供了宝贵经验.