结合快速鲁棒性特征改进ORB的特征点匹配算法

针对定向二进制简单描述符（ORB）算法不具备尺度不变性的问题,提出一种结合快速鲁棒性特征（SURF）算法和ORB的改进算法。首先,利用Hessian矩阵检测特征点的方法,使得提取出的特征点具有尺度不变性;然后,用ORB生成特征描述子;接着采用K-近邻算法进行粗匹配;最后,通过比率测试、对称测试、最小平方中值（LMedS）定理进行提纯。尺度变化时,该算法比ORB的匹配精度提高了74.3个百分点,比SURF的匹配精度提高了4.8个百分点;旋转变化时,该算法比ORB的匹配精度提高了6.6个百分点;匹配时间高于SURF低于ORB。实验结果表明,改进算法不仅保持了ORB的旋转不变性,而且具备了尺度不变性,在不失速度的前提下,匹配精度得到较大提高。     

基于ORB-LATCH的特征检测与描述算法

针对基于学习安排的三元组（LATCH）二进制描述子不具备尺度不变性且其旋转不变性,需要特征检测子辅助的问题,提出了一种基于快速定向旋转二进制稳健基元独立特征（ORB）和LATCH相结合的特征检测与描述算法。首先,在图像金字塔尺度空间上进行加速段测试特征（FAST）检测;然后,采用ORB灰度质心方法来进行方向补偿;最后,对特征进行LATCH描述。实验结果表明,所提算法具备运算量小、实时性高以及旋转和尺度不变性的特点,在相同的准确率下,其召回率优于ORB和哈里斯-LATCH （HARRIS-LATCH）算法,其匹配内点率比ORB算法提高了4.2个百分点。该算法在保持实时性的同时进一步缩小了与基于直方图的尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）和加速健壮特征（SURF）算法之间的精度差距,可对图像序列进行快速且精确的实时处理。     

基于改进KAZE的无人机航拍图像拼接算法

为了更好地解决航拍图像易受光照、旋转变化、尺度变化等影响,KAZE算法实时性较差以及基于K近邻的特征匹配算法耗时较长等问题,该文提出了一种基于改进KAZE的无人机航拍图像拼接算法.该方法首先利用加速的KAZE算法提取图像的特征点,采用二进制特征描述子FREAK（Fast retina keypoint）进行特征点描述,然后使用Grid-KNN算法进行特征点粗匹配,利用随机一致性算法对匹配的特征点进一步提纯并计算几何变换模型,最后采用加权平均算法对图像进行融合.实验结果表明,该文所提算法使图像在光照变化、旋转变化及尺度变化下具有较好的性能,且处理速度较KAZE算法与K近邻特征匹配算法有较大提升,是一种稳定、精确度高、拼接效果良好的无人机航拍图像拼接方法.     

非线性尺度配准NLORB和亮度模板融合的方法

视频场景的图像拼接方法需要拥有实时性、尺度旋转不变性和较好的融合效果。ORB尺度不变性较差,SIFT时间复杂度高,并且没有充分保持边缘细节,因此在非线性尺度与ORB的基础上,介绍改进的配准方法NLORB和基于YUV亮度模板的均值坐标融合法。NLORB采用非线性尺度消除噪声并保持边缘,使用图像熵确定尺度参数,设置合适的关键点间距,多尺度空间搜寻极值点,构造稳定的ORB特征和描述向量,采用RANSAC进行匹配。通过仿真实验对比,NLORB能改善ORB尺度不变性和分布均匀性,提高匹配的成功率,亮度模板的均值坐标法加强了融合效果。     

基于改进ORB和对称匹配的图像特征点匹配

由于ORB算法所提取的特征点不具有尺度不变性,直接匹配会导致较多的错误发生,本文结合SURF和双向匹配算法的思想,提出了改进的ORB算法:SSORB.首先使用不同尺寸盒状滤波模板与积分图像生成多尺度空间,并从中检测出稳定的极值点,使得所提取出来的特征点具备尺度不变的特性;然后使用ORB描述子对特征点进行描述,得到旋转不变的二进制描述子;由于误匹配的存在,在Hamming距离的基础上进一步使用双向匹配来消除误匹配,提高匹配精度.实验结果表明,SSORB有效地解决了ORB不具备尺度不变性的缺陷,在保留ORB算法快速优越性的同时提高了匹配准确度.     

基于距离融合的图像特征点匹配方法

针对ORB算法中特征点缺乏尺度不变性导致算法误匹配率高,以及二进制鲁棒独立基本特征（BRIEF）算法的描述子易受噪声影响的问题,提出了改进的特征点匹配方法。采用加速的具有鲁棒性的特征（SURF）算法进行特征点提取,利用带有方向信息的BRIEF算法进行特征点描述;在特征点邻域内选取随机点对,并对随机点对的灰度大小比较和相似度比较分别进行编码,采用汉明距离计算两种编码的差异;利用自适应加权融合的方式实现特征点相似性距离度量。实验结果表明,改进方法对于尺度变化、光照变化以及模糊变化的图像具有更好的适应性,与传统ORB特征点匹配方法相比能够获得更高的特征点正确匹配率,且该特征点匹配方法可用于改善图像拼接的性能。     

结合尺度不变特征的ORB算法改进

针对ORB（ORiented Brief,方向描述符）算法不具备尺度不变性,且匹配点对错误较多等缺点,结合SURF（Speed-up Robust Features,加速稳健特征)与ORB提出一种新的算法。通过计算积分图像,使用盒子滤波器近似高斯滤波,构建尺度空间,通过Hessian矩阵检测出具备尺度不变的特征点;用ORB对特征点进行描述,采用Hamming距离完成粗匹配;使用改进的RANSAC（RANdom SAmple Consensus,随机抽样一致）减少其迭代次数,同时,去除错误的匹配点对。实验结果表明,在尺度变化时,改进算法的平均准确度为863%,约为ORB的31倍;综合对比时,改进算法的平均精度可达851%,是ORB的24倍,平均耗时高于ORB,但远低于SIFT,在不失精度的前提下有效地保证了鲁棒性和实时性。     

基于改进SIFT的无人机航拍图像快速配准研究

为了提高无人机航拍图像配准的实时性,通过分析无人机巡航高度相对稳定及图像缺乏高频的细节信息的特点,提出了一种改进SIFT特征点检测方法,显著提高了图像的配准速度,并构建了一个用于图像拼接的航空影像数据集进行实验验证.首先分析了SIFT(Scale Invariant Feature Transform)算法关于特征点尺度不变性的理论依据及实现方法,提出了消除冗余性能的策略;然后采用减少高斯金字塔阶数与层数以及选择在每阶的第三层图像开始检测极值点,以减小差分尺度空间规模的方法;最后在数据集上进行了与现有图像配准方法的对比实验.实验结果证明,所提方法能够获得匹配稳健、鲁棒性高的特征点,匹配耗时只有经典SIFT的1/10,该方法为无人机航拍图像快速拼接提供了技术支持.     

基于SURF特征匹配的图像拼接算法

提出了一种了基于SURF（speed up robust features）特征匹配的图像拼接算法。SURF方法是一种快速且鲁棒性较好的特征提取算法,用该算法提取图像特征后,使用改进BBF（best bin first）的快速匹配算法来寻找图像间的匹配点;用LM算法对单应性矩阵进行优化时,本文提出使用梯度误差函数增强对光照变化的鲁棒性;最后采用多分辨率融合方法进行图像融合,有效地消除了拼接痕迹,并保持较高的分辨率。实验结果验证了该算法的高效性,对存在旋转、尺度缩放、视角以及光照变化的图像都具有良好的效果。     

基于改进SIFT的无人机航拍图像快速配准研究

为了提高无人机航拍图像配准的实时性,通过分析无人机巡航高度相对稳定及图像缺乏高频的细节信息的特点,提出了一种改进SIFT特征点检测方法,显著提高了图像的配准速度,并构建了一个用于图像拼接的航空影像数据集进行实验验证.首先分析了SIFT(Scale Invariant Feature Transform)算法关于特征点尺度不变性的理论依据及实现方法,提出了消除冗余性能的策略;然后采用减少高斯金字塔阶数与层数以及选择在每阶的第三层图像开始检测极值点,以减小差分尺度空间规模的方法;最后在数据集上进行了与现有图像配准方法的对比实验.实验结果证明,所提方法能够获得匹配稳健、鲁棒性高的特征点,匹配耗时只有经典SIFT的1/10,该方法为无人机航拍图像快速拼接提供了技术支持.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。