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茶褐素是一类富含羟基和羧基且具有酚类物质特性的褐色聚合物,一般从黑茶中提取,也有以茶多酚为底物,通过化学氧化和酶促氧化聚合制得。其理化性质可从表面形态、热性能、光谱学性质以及组成结构等方面进行分析。茶褐素作为一种天然活性物质,具有抗氧化、抗肥胖、抗癌以及调节肠道菌群等多种生理功效,因而在食品和医药领域均具有广阔的发展前景。该文综述茶褐素的制备工艺、理化性质以及生物活性的最新研究成果,以期为后续茶褐素的深入研究和产品开发提供参考。 相似文献
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黑茶是中国六大茶类之一,其种类包括云南普洱茶、湖南茯砖茶、湖北青砖茶、四川边销茶和广西六堡茶。在黑茶渥堆过程中,霉菌、细菌、酵母等微生物发挥了重要作用。黑茶中儿茶素、茶多酚等物质在微生物分泌的胞外酶和湿热作用下发生氧化、分解、聚合、转化等生化反应,最终形成黑茶独特的品质。萜烯醇类化合物、醇类、酮类和醛类等物质是形成黑茶香气的主要成分。黑茶通过调节胆固醇与甘油三酯的代谢来调节血脂。另外,黑茶中的儿茶素可以通过抑制脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)等多种脂肪合成相关酶的活性以降低脂肪合成水平。 相似文献
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酸茶以大叶种茶树叶为原料,经杀青、厌氧发酵、干燥等加工工艺制成,主要分布于我国云南、泰国、缅甸、老挝和日本。与普洱茶、黑茶等其他后发酵茶不同,乳酸菌是酸茶的优势微生物,赋予了其独特的风味品质特性,使酸茶作为一种新型乳酸菌茶叶制品正日益受到关注。近年来,国内外学者对酸茶的研究已经从营养化学成分向微生物多样性和生物学活性扩展。本文主要综述了不同地区酸茶制作工艺、微生物多样性和营养及化学成分,以及酸茶的抗氧化、抗菌和调节代谢综合症等生物学功效,并对酸茶益生菌资源、酸茶品质稳定性及标准化生产等问题进行了展望,以期为酸茶的深入研究开发提供参考。 相似文献
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茶是世界上最受欢迎的饮料之一,其含有丰富的茶多酚,近来,茶多酚对肠道菌群的调节作用引起了学术界的关注。肥胖可以导致心血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症等慢性疾病,因此抗肥胖物质的研究与开发也是当下的研究热点之一,茶多酚的抗肥胖作用也是其中的重要领域。本综述总结了茶多酚、肠道菌群以及肥胖三者的作用关系,并对近5年相关的非临床以及临床研究进行了总结分析。总结发现茶多酚可以调节肠道菌群组成,而肠道菌群也可以影响茶多酚的吸收与代谢。茶多酚可以通过增加益生菌的丰度以及调节能量消耗、营养物质消化吸收、脂质分解代谢和抑制脂肪细胞合成等方式发挥抗肥胖作用。目前对于茶多酚调节肠道菌群和抗肥胖作用的研究以动物模型为主,且大多实验结果证实了茶多酚的肠道菌群调节作用及抗肥胖作用,但是作用剂量尚不明确,且茶多酚剂量毒性研究不足。另外该领域临床研究不足,需要在未来进行更大样本量和更长时间的研究,以实现茶渣等副产物的高价值利用并减少肥胖相关疾病。 相似文献
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During the last decade, the traditional notion that green tea consumption benefits health has received significant scientific attention and, particularly, the areas of cardiovascular disease and cancer were subject to numerous studies. Due to the ever-growing obesity pandemic, the anti-obesity effects of green tea are being increasingly investigated in cell, animal, and human studies. Green tea, green tea catechins, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have been demonstrated in cell culture and animal models of obesity to reduce adipocyte differentiation and proliferation, lipogenesis, fat mass, body weight, fat absorption, plasma levels of triglycerides, free fatty acids, cholesterol, glucose, insulin and leptin, as well as to increase beta-oxidation and thermogenesis. Adipose tissue, liver, intestine, and skeletal muscle are target organs of green tea, mediating its anti-obesity effects. Studies conducted with human subjects report reduced body weight and body fat, as well as increased fat oxidation and thermogenesis and thereby confirm findings in cell culture systems and animal models of obesity. There is still a need for well-designed and controlled clinical studies to validate the existing and encouraging human studies. Since EGCG is regarded as the most active component of green tea, its specific effects on obesity should also be investigated in human trials. 相似文献
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为探究不同种类黑茶香气成分特征,采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用技术(Headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS)结合感官审评对茯砖茶、黑砖、藏茶、六堡茶、天尖等五种主要黑茶样品的香气成分进行分析。结果表明,五种黑茶的香气特征明显。茯砖茶主要香气轮廓为菌花香和陈香,六堡茶具有明显持久的槟榔香与陈香,藏茶具有持久的陈香,黑砖茶香气纯正,天尖具有持久的松烟香。五种黑茶样品的感官审评总分排序为藏茶(91.35)>茯砖茶(90.15)>黑砖(89.05)>六堡茶(88.85)>天尖(86.33);五种不同的黑茶共含有56个香气成分,不同种类黑茶在香气成分构成与含量上均有差异。五种黑茶样品的香气成分总含量排序为茯砖茶(6355.30 μg/L)>藏茶(5858.73 μg/L)>黑砖(5789.71 μg/L)>天尖(4801.37 μg/L)>六堡茶(3740.14 μg/L)。根据多元统计分析以及香气活性值分析,发现1,2,3-三甲氧基苯对藏茶的陈香具有突出贡献。反,反-2,4-癸二烯醛、反,反-2,4-壬二烯醛、柠檬醛I、柠檬醛II、正己醛和水杨酸甲酯对茯砖茶的菌花香具有突出贡献,而1,2,3-三甲氧基苯则对茯砖茶的陈香具有突出贡献。(+)-雪松醇对六堡茶的槟榔香具有突出贡献。反,反-2,4-癸二烯醛、反,反-2,4-壬二烯醛、正己醛和植醇等对天尖的松烟香有突出贡献。苯乙醇、橙花叔醇II和氧化芳樟醇I等香气成分的综合作用形成了黑砖纯正的香气。本研究为探索不同种类黑茶的香气品质提供了数据参考。 相似文献
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本实验以高脂饲料喂食的C57BL/6J 小鼠为动物模型,进行为期11 周的实验,以小鼠体重增加、体内脂肪含量、血清脂质水平、小鼠脏器系数、肝组织形态、脂肪组织形态为检测指标,研究茶叶浸出液、A 4(Gluconacetobacter sp. A4)发酵液、红茶菌原液发酵液对小鼠体重控制的影响。结果表明,茶叶浸出液、A4 发酵液、红茶菌原液发酵液,均能够减缓小鼠体重增长的进程,减少小鼠体内脂肪含量,并能够减少脂肪在肝脏中的蓄积以及减缓脂肪细胞增大的进程。其中,以A4 发酵液的效果最为明显,表现出对饮食诱导小鼠的很好的体重控制的作用。 相似文献
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Obesity has become a prevailing epidemic throughout the globe. Effective therapies for obesity become attracting. Food components with beneficial effects on "weight loss" have caught increasing attentions. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) belong to different families of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). However, they have similar effects on alleviating obesity and/or preventing from obesity. They influence the balance between energy intake and expenditure; and reduce body weight and/or fat deposition in animal models, but show little effect in healthy human subjects. They inhibit key enzymes responsible for lipid synthesis, such as fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, enhance lipid oxidation and thermogenesis, and prevent free fatty acids from entering adipocytes for lipogenesis. PUFA also exert suppressive effects on several key factors involved in adipocyte differentiation and fat storage. Despite their similar effects and shared mechanisms, they display differences in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Moreover, DHA and EPA exhibit "anti-obesity" effect as well as improving insulin sensitivity, while CLA induces insulin resistance and fatty liver in most cases. A deeper and more detailed investigation into the complex network of anti-obesity regulatory pathways by different PUFA will improve our understanding of the mechanisms of body weight control and reduce the prevalence of obesity. 相似文献
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采用色差法分析了红茶、绿茶、乌龙茶及不同产地的黑茶的汤色。根据茶汤色度值筛选出特征变量,建立了湖南黑茶的分类树CART识别模型。结果表明:湖南黑茶与绿茶、乌龙茶和红茶间两两比较,除与乌龙茶Δa*差异不明显外,其他色度值都存在显著差异;对于不同产地的黑茶对比分析,湖南黑茶除与青砖的ΔL*和生普的Δa*差异不大外,与六堡茶、青砖、藏茶、生普和熟普茶的ΔL*、Δa*、Δb*和ΔE*之间有明显差异;采用预测集样本评估模型质量,分类树CART模型对于茶叶类别和产地的识别正确率分别是100%和93.3%。因此,利用茶汤色度值建立起的分类树CART模型,可以得到湖南黑茶很好的分类识别效果。 相似文献