磁性铁锈垢专用清洗剂SGR-1302应用研究

本文介绍了一种磁性铁锈垢(Fe3O4)专用清洗剂SGR-1302,并考察了清洗剂浓度、温度、体系pH等因素对清洗效果的影响.通过实验得出较为合理的清洗剂用量15％～25％,清洗温度≤80℃,清洗液pH1.5 ～2.5,清洗时间(6 ～24)h.在添加缓蚀剂SGR-0405条件下,对A3碳钢、G20钢腐蚀性安全.并且SGR-1302在工业清洗中除垢率满足客户要求.     

关于确定化学清洗液的试验方法

一、引言在化学清洗中清洗液的选择确定是非常重要的工作,它对化学清洗设备的保护起着决定性作用,也是制定化学清洗方案的主要依据。清洗液的选择一般要经过垢样分析、清洗剂选择、缓蚀剂选择等试验,通过试验结果的数据并兼顾各方面因素,从实际出发以科学的态度和方法来确定化学清洗中的清洗液配方,即清洗剂的种类、浓度和缓蚀剂的种类、浓度,以及清洗液的使用温度、清洗时间等。通过实验室的各项试验能提出相对较符合实际的清洗液配方,以避免清洗液选用中的盲目性、单一性等痹病,提     

聚醚砜膜原位清洗方法的实验研究

实验对已污染的聚醚砜膜进行了清洗的研究,并通过测量各种清洗剂清洗后膜水通量的恢复,确定适宜的清洗剂、清洗时间、清洗液浓度和操作压力,选择出最佳的清洗方案,取得较好的清洗效果。通过研究表明:被污染的聚醚砜膜用混合清洗剂清洗恢复率可达到85%,效果要明显优于单一的清洗方法。     

热化学清洗法洗涤油泥-回收石油的工艺条件研究

以辽河油田落地油泥为样品,采用热化学清洗法洗涤油泥,净化土壤,回收石油,并获取工程所需的必要参数.通过筛选、复配,确定十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)与Na2SiO3,最佳清洗剂配比(质量比)为1:2.考察了清洗温度、清洗液pH、液固比(清洗剂与落地油泥的质量比)和清洗剂投加量等因素对清洗效率的影响,通过正交实验优化工艺参数.实验表明,当清洗时间为30 min、清洗温度为75℃、搅拌器转速为200 r/min、液固比为8:1、清洗液p H为11、(LAS Na2SiO3)投加量为2.8 g/L时,含油率(质量分数)为21.2%的落地油泥样品经一级清洗,油泥残油率(质量分数)降为0.8%;经二级清洗,油泥残油率降为0.3%.清洗后,石油浮于水面,无明显乳化,易于分离.     

凝析气海底管道复合清洗技术

锦州20-2凝析气田海底管道输送介质黑油含量较高,致使改造工程中海底管道的切割、回接存在安全隐患和残油污染海洋环境问题.设计了"双向直板型清管器 化学药剂清洗"的复全清洗工艺方案,并通过实验对化学清洗剂进行了确定,采用无毒、无污染的D-柠烯、AQ-11和AQ-12分别作为油溶性清洗剂、乳化剂和水溶性清洗剂.复合清洗工艺方案实施结果是,海底管道排出液含油质量浓度低于30mg/L,达到了我国海洋污水排放标准,并且清洗液用量较少.     

柱式MBR膜污染分析及清洗工艺优化

采用SEM-EDS对九江石化生活污水和炼油污水回用系统中MBR装置中被污染超滤膜的分析,并对被污染MBR膜性能恢复分别进行了清洗剂种类、清洗剂浓度和清洗工艺进行优化。结果表明:MBR膜面的主要污染物为Fe(OH)_3、Cu(OH)_2、Al(OH)_3和少量胶体Si污染;pH=1的柠檬酸、草酸+EDTA、盐酸清洗MBR膜通量分别为80%、86.4%和90%;采用pH=13的碳酸钠、次氯酸钠+氢氧化钠和氢氧化钠清洗被污染MBR膜通量恢复率分别为84.53%、90.23%和94.42%;p H=1的草酸+EDTA和p H=13的Na OH进行交替清洗后的膜通量可恢复到初始通量的91.88%。     

酵母菌悬浊液污染陶瓷膜的清洗

根据酵母菌自身的组成和各种清洗剂的清洗机理选择合适的清洗剂 ,分别在 0 .10MPa、0 .15MPa和 0 .2 0MPa 3种压力下 (2 5℃、15℃ )进行污染与清洗的实验。结果表明 :选择NaClO(第一步 ) +HNO3 (第二步 )作为清洗剂 ,在 2 5℃、0 .10MPa压力下的清洗效果较好 ;选择Ca(OH) 2 (第一步 ) +H2 C2 O4(第二步 )作为清洗剂 ,在 15℃、0 .15MPa压力的条件下的清洗效果较好     

膜的化学清洗

膜清洗是膜分离技术应用中的的一个重要问题。着重讨论了膜化学清洗清洗剂的种类、化学清洗条件和清洗效果的评价方法。化学清洗剂包括酸、碱、表面活性剂、氧化剂、酶、螯合剂等，清洗效果可以用膜的通量恢复率和清洗液杂质含量评价。     

化学清洗中清洗液浓度的分析监测和控制

针对化学清洗除垢过程中清洗液浓度的分析监测和控制问题,介绍了清洗液浓度的监测过程和控制方法,总结了对于不同清洗部位和材质的设备清洗时,清洗液的进口浓度和循环浓度的监测方法和控制指标,指明了清洗液浓度的监测和控制对化学清洗终点的判定、腐蚀率的大小、用药量的控制和清洗质量的重要性。     

电子清洗剂在山东研制成功

山东大学光电材料与器件研究所研制成功DEl一,系列电子清洗剂,可代替传统的硫酸、硝酸、双氧水清洗。DEl、DE2适用于半导体表面油污的超声波清洗,成本为传统技术的5%～30%。DE,不含破坏地球臭氧层的物质(()DS),可以替代’TM¨F113等4种氟里昂和从美国进口的碱清洗液和微清洗液,用于清洗计算机硬盘驱动器和元件、部件,清洗成本降低75%。电子清洗剂在山东研制成功~~     

Die Weiterentwicklung des Tellertests zur Beurteilung von Spülmitteln

A Further Development of the Dish Test for the Assay of Rinsing Agents A further development of the well-known dish test is described. In the dish test, the breakdown of foam, a measure for cleaning power of the rinsing agent, is followed during the process of rinsing. In this procedure, the subjective errors made by persons carrying out the experiments have been eliminated by the use of mechanical devices; thus, especially, the end point is determined by photometry. Using the test apparatus, foaming curves have been drawn for various commercial products, and surfactants as well as their mixtures.     

Examination of boron content and properties of magnesium oxide obtained from sea water

The potentiometric method was used to determine the boron content in magnesium oxide obtained from sea water by sub-stoichiometric precipitation (where precipitation of magnesium hydroxide took place with 80% of the stoichiometric quantity of the dolomite lime) and by over-stoichiometric precipitation (which took place with 120% of the stoichiometric quantity of the dolomite lime); the analyses depend on the method of rinsing the product obtained. The following were examined: the influence of pH of the rinsing solution, duration of stirring and contact of the suspension, influence of the quantity of the rinsing agent, and the method of precipitate separation in sub-stoichiometric precipitation. It has been proved that the use of the appropriate rinsing method in the case of sub-stoichiometric precipitation leads to results almost identical to those obtained for over-stoichiometric precipitation, which is rather important if one bears in mind the advantages of this precipitation method. Individual samples of magnesium oxide obtained from sea water by sub- and over-stoichiometric precipitation were then sintered. This paper lists densities of samples sintered and presents their photomicrographs.     

Chemical crosslinking and biophysical properties of electrospun hyaluronic acid based ultra-thin fibrous membranes

Hyaluronic acid (HA) ultra-thin fibrous membranes by electrospinning technology had been fabricated successfully by our group. However, these HA fibrous membranes dissolve and decompose rapidly in water. In this study, chemical crosslinking of HA and HA based ultra-thin fibrous membranes was studied in detail. It was found that the chemically crosslinked pure HA ultra-thin fibrous membranes with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) as the crosslinking agent did not show an obvious improvement in the water-resistance. However, by simply adding and changing the gelatin content, the degradation time of the HA based fibrous membranes could be effectively adjusted from one week to several months. That is with the increase in gelatin content, the water-resistance of the HA/gelatin bi-component membranes could be increased greatly. The crosslinked HA/gelatin bi-component membranes were evaluated in vitro by seeding with mouse embryonic fibroblasts (3T6-Swiss Albino). The results showed that the HA/gelatin fibrous membranes were cytocompatible and suitable for cell viability. However, cells were hard to attach and grow on the HA based membranes. Thus, the HA/gelatin fibrous membranes with controllable degradation rate could have good potential applications in the anti-adhesion and wound dressing fields.     

Influence of processing parameters and solid concentration on microstructural properties of gel-casted porous hydroxyapatite

Porous hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds with interconnected porosity have been successfully fabricated by using food grade gelatin as a gelling agent. Phase stability, chemical composition and topographical features of HA scaffolds were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy respectively. XRD study revealed that additives used in the gel-casting process did not influence the phase composition of the investigated materials. The porosity of sintered scaffolds was assessed by the liquid displacement method and found to be 55–76 %. The pores were tailored to spherical shape and size in the range 300–400 nm, feature of utmost interest to clinicians for cell attachment, proliferation and development of soft tissues. Biocompatibility of HA scaffolds was evaluated via hemolysis studies. The results of hemolysis proved the highly biocompatible behavior of the synthesized HA scaffolds.     

壳聚糖包覆腐殖酸微胶囊的制备及其保水性能研究

以壳聚糖(CTS)为壁材,腐殖酸(HA)为芯材,制备了壳聚糖包覆腐殖酸(CTS/HA)微胶囊保水材料。通过傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、偏光显微镜(POM)和场发射扫描电镜(SEM)分别表征和观察CTS/HA微胶囊的结构和表面形貌,探讨了不同芯壁比〔m(CTS)∶m(HA)〕、固化剂用量和搅拌速度对微胶囊表面形态的影响,并测试了CTS/HA的保水性能。结果表明,CTS/HA呈现包覆微胶囊结构,当m(CTS)∶m(HA)=1∶3、固化剂用量为CTS/HA总质量的1%、搅拌速度为500 r/min时,微胶囊具有较好的表面形态,且具有较好的吸水和保水性能,其12 h的吸水率和保水率分别高达248%和158%。     

真空镀铝镜玻璃前处理分析

真空镀铝镜玻璃前处理分析胡季平（甘肃省科学院自然能源研究所７３００００）ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓａｂｏｕｔＰｒｅｒｉｎｓｉｎｇｏｆＧｌａｓｓＵｓｅｄｆｏｒＶａｃｕｕｍＤｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎＡｌＭｉｒｒｏｒ￥ＨｕＪｉｐｉｎｇ（ＮａｔｕｒａｌＥｎｅｒｇｙＲｅｓｅａ...     

Ein Beitrag zur Prüfung von Weichspülmitteln

A Contribution on the Examination of Rinsing Agents Containing Softeners Three determinations are important for the examination of the action of rinsing agents on laundry: 1. assay of the texture of textiles treated with rinsing agents containing softeners; 2. water uptake by textiles treated as above; and 3. antistatic action of rinsing agents containing softeners on synthetic and mixed fabrics. Various methods have been employed for the aforesaid determinations, and they have been compared using three well known commercial rinsing agents. The investigations have revealed that some of these methods yield good results that agree with practical evaluations, whereas several other methods are unsatisfactory. Therefore only certain methods should be chosen for such evaluations, if one aims at an objective assessment of rinsing agents.     

季铵化壳聚糖包覆腐殖酸微胶囊的制备与性能研究

以季铵化壳聚糖（QCTS）为壁材、腐殖酸(HA)为芯材,制备季铵化壳聚糖包覆腐殖酸(QCTS/HA)微胶囊。采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、偏光显微镜(POM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对微胶囊的性能进行表征。以芯壁比〔m(HA):m(QCTS)〕、固化剂用量和搅拌速度作为单因素,探讨了微胶囊的最佳制备条件。并且对最佳制备条件下的微胶囊进行了形貌观测以及吸水和保水性能测试。结果表明,QCTS/HA微胶囊的最佳工艺参数为：m(HA):m(QCTS)=3:1,固化剂用量为总质量的1%,搅拌速度为500r/min;与相同条件下未改性的微胶囊CTS/HA相比,改性后的QCTS/HA微胶囊包覆层表面孔隙结构比较完善,分布均匀,孔洞较多,具有更加优异的吸水和保水性能,其12h的吸水率和保水率分别高达348%和208%。 关键词：季铵化壳聚糖;腐殖酸;核壳结构;微胶囊;吸水性能,保水性能     

Crosslinking of cellulose derivatives and hyaluronic acid with water-soluble carbodiimide

Hydrogels with good mechanical stability are generally obtained by chemical crosslinking. However, the compounds used as crosslinking agents are often highly toxic, and thus they are not recommended as starting materials in view of an environmentally safe production process and a biocompatible product.In this work chemically crosslinked superabsorbent hydrogels have been synthesized from water solutions of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (CMCNa) and hyaluronic acid (HA), using a non-toxic water-soluble carbodiimide (WSC) as crosslinking agent. Sorption capacity both in water and in water solutions at different ionic strength has been investigated, taking into account the effect of different chemical compositions. Moreover, uniaxial compression tests and dynamic-mechanical measurements on water swollen samples have been performed to probe the elastically effective degree of crosslinking of the polymeric network.In vivo tests on humans for the application of this material as a bulking agent in dietary regimes are in process and preliminary results are encouraging.     

低泡水基金属清洗剂的研制

采用阴离子表面活性剂M-10、三乙醇胺油酸皂与非离子表面活性剂6501、GT-12、S-86等复配,添加具有协同作用的其它助剂,制备了一种新的适合于高压喷淋清洗的水基金属清洗剂。利用微可视化仪器对复配的表面活性剂混合溶液微粒变化进行了观察,显示出复配溶液在较高浊点时体系稳定。最终配方在45号碳钢、LY12硬铝金属试片上的实验结果表明：该配方的清洗率、泡沫、防腐防锈等各项性能指标均优于对照的市售产品,是一种环保型的低泡高效水基金属清洗剂。