核酸适体-捕获探针预杂交修饰制备免标记腺苷电化学传感器

核酸适体（Aptamer）是单链寡核苷酸片段,对靶分子具有高亲和力和高特异性,具有常规识别分子（如抗体和酶）所不具备的一些优点,该文基于核酸适体制备了一种用于检测腺苷的免标记电化学传感器。将腺苷的核酸适体与带巯基的捕获探针通过硫-巯键组装到金电极表面,用6-巯基己醇（MCH）作为缺陷探针封闭电极表面,得到的MCH／Aptamer-Capture／Au界面,构筑的电化学传感器对腺苷具有特异性识别功能,检测腺苷的线性范围为1×10-6mol／L～2．5×10-4mol／L,检测限为0．1μmol／L,相对标准偏差（R．S．D）为2．0％。该传感器对腺苷的检测具有灵敏度高、检测范围宽、制作简便、成本低,并且具有良好的选择性和重现性。     

核酸适体电化学传感器研究的新进展

与抗体相比,核酸适体作为生物传感器的敏感元件具有一定的优势.核酸适体的出现为生物分析方法和传感器的设计开辟了新思路.基于核酸适体的电化学传感器集成了适体和电化学传感两方面的优势.成为近年来的研究热点.各种新颖的设计思路不断涌现,使电化学核酸适体传感器的性能不断得到改善.来解决分析应用中所面临的一些问题.该文就响应原理和存在的问题讨论如何设计一个性能优异的电化学核酸适体传感器.     

适体和蛋白质解离常数检测方法比较分析

对基于石英晶体微天平（QCM）生物传感器的两种检测核酸适体与蛋白质解离常数方法进行了比较,提出来一种更加精确合理的检测流程。以凝血酶和凝血酶适体 TBA15为模型,耗散型石英晶体微天平（QCM-D）为传感器,实时检测末端修饰巯基适体的固定、表面封闭剂对非特异性结合位点封闭以及两种不同的蛋白进样方式引起的频率响应,实验数据拟合得到解离常数。不同蛋白的进样方式得到的解离常数不同,非特异性位点的封闭也同样影响解离常数的检测。从低浓度到高浓度依次通入固定体积蛋白的进样方式,实验重复性高且消耗样品量小于1μg,是较为理想的检测方式。     

基于纳米金标记的适体传感器的研制

采用乙醇热溶剂法合成了TiO2纳米带,将所合成的TiO2纳米带与可卡因适体和壳聚糖混合后修饰到玻碳电极上,研制了一种新型的适体传感器用于可卡因的检测.考察了适体传感器的电化学特性,同时研究了适体传感器进行检测电解液的pH值、培育时间和反应时间等实验条件对传感器性能的影响.该传感器在可卡因浓度为1×10-6～1.5×10...     

压电免疫传感器用于转铁蛋白免疫反应的动力学研究

采用蛋白 A 将抗体固定在9MHz 双面镀金石英晶体上,研制了一种用于转铁蛋白检测的压电免疫传感器,并用该技术监测了转铁蛋白抗原在压电石英晶体上的吸附与解吸过程。研究了蛋白 A 浓度、抗体效价及抗原抗体反应时间等对传感器灵敏度的影响。着重研究了免疫反应体系的反应动力学。结果表明:转铁蛋白在压电石英晶体上的键合行为符合 Langmuir 吸附方程,免疫反应的结合常数 K_(ass)为6.75×10~7(mol/L)~(-1),并计算了该免疫反应的速率常数 K_f 为2.14×10~7(mol/L)~(-1)S~(-1)。     

电化学适体传感器研究进展

核酸适体作为一种新型的分子识别元件,由于其相对于抗体的诸多优势,已被广泛地应用于生物传感、药物分析及临床诊断等方面。电化学适体传感器同时结合了核酸适体与电化学分析方法的优势,成为了近年来生物传感领域的一个非常令人关注的研究热点。该文主要根据传感器信号变化方式将电化学适体传感器分为signalon型和signal-off型,着重对近年来这两类传感器的新型传感设计方案进行分析和综述,并对未来电化学适体传感器的发展方向进行了展望。     

基于硼掺杂金刚石电极的酚生物传感器的研究

该文研究了以硼掺杂金刚石为基底电极的酪氨酸酶传感器.该酶传感器对酚的催化作用强于以玻碳为基底电极的酪氨酸酶传感器.在浓度为1.0×10-8～1.0×10-5mol/L的范围内传感器对邻苯二酚的响应具有良好的线性关系,检测下限为5.2×10-9mol/L.酶电极的Michaelis-Metent常数(Kapp m)为33.65μmol/L.酶电极对苯酚和对甲苯酚也有良好的响应,线性范围分别为:5.0×10-8～2.0×10-5mol/L、5.0×10-8～5.0×10-6 mol/L.酶传感器有较好的稳定性和重现性.     

基于铂纳米线阵列的葡萄糖生物传感器

用电沉积法在聚碳酸酯膜板中制备了铂纳米线阵列,纳米线直径约为250 nm,长度约为2 μm.SEM表征表明,铂纳米线阵列具有均匀有序的结构,纳米线密度为5×108 cm-2.将纳米线阵列薄膜固定到电极表面,研究了修饰电极的电化学行为.在较低电位下(-0.1 V),修饰电极对过氧化氢具有良好的电催化性能,并有较宽的线性响应范围(1×10-7～5×10-2 mol/L).通过戊二醛在电极表面固定葡萄糖氧化酶制备了一种新的葡萄糖传感器.该传感器对葡萄糖的线性响应范围为5×10-6～2×10-3 mol/L,检测下限为1 μmol/L.     

基于氧化石墨烯/金纳米粒子放大电信号的二茂铁标记型溶菌酶适体传感器

设计了一种简单的信号衰减型电化学溶菌酶适体传感器。以氧化石墨烯修饰的玻碳电极为基底（GO/GCE）,通过循环伏安法电沉积金纳米粒子在电极表面,得到AuNPs/GO/GCE。将3’端修饰巯基的单链DNA通过金硫键共价连接于电极上,而在与前者可部分杂交的适体探针链5’端标记上二茂铁甲酸。当目标物溶菌酶与适体探针链发生特异性结合,通过示差脉冲伏安法检测到二茂铁甲酸还原峰电流相应的改变,从而实现对溶菌酶的识别及定量检测。结果表明,该传感器对溶菌酶具有较好的选择性和灵敏度,对于溶菌酶的检测范围为1.08×10-11～1.08×10-8mol/L,检出限达到6.02×10-12mol/L。     

适体电化学传感器的研究进展

核酸适体(aptamer)指的是经过一种新的体外筛选技术-SELEX(指数富集配体系统进化),从随机单链寡聚核苷酸文库中筛选出来的短的单链寡聚核苷酸,不仅对目标分子有高特异性和高亲和力,而且具有分子量小、易体外合成与修饰并可以反复变性复性等特性,其在分析化学、基因调控、蛋白质组研究、疾病治疗与新药研发等方面具有广阔的应用前景.而电化学检测由于其具有快速、灵敏、简单、成本低廉及易于与其它技术连用等优点而在适体传感器的发展中占有重要的地位,因此,近几年电化学适体传感器的发展已成为研究的热点.该文对电化学适体传感器的发展做一简单综述,并探讨了电化学适体传感器的发展方向.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.