A note on the criterion.

The concept of the criterion in much applied research has implied the possibility of identifying a single, ultimate measure against which predictors should be correlated. It is argued that the criterion has been overemphasized with the result that complexities of predicting the many facets of job success have been ignored in favor of overly simplified studies designed to relate predictors to single measures of job success. Applied psychologists should give more emphasis to construct validation and make an effort to learn more about the meaning of test scores and other predictors in terms of multiple dimensions of behavior. Information available on the Engineering Research Key of the Strong Vocational Interest Blank is presented in order to illustrate the pattern of validation research recommended. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A note on projection.

Projection if defined as "unwittingly attributing one's own traits to others" may be either defensive or predictive. It still needs much research effort. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A note on serological interpretations

The patterns of regional changes of sympathetic efferent activity evoked by thermal stimulation of the spinal cord and by arterial and primary tissue hypoxia were investigated in decerebrated, anesthetized and immobilized rabbits. Decerebration was performed either at the mid- or infracollicular level. The responses of the decerebrated rabbits evoked by spinal thermal stimulation were the same as those of intact rabbits, i.e., splanchnic and cardiac sympathetic activity increased and cutaneous sympathetic activity decreased during warming, while the reverse response was elicited by cooling. It is concluded that the typical thermoregulatory response pattern of the sympathetic nervous system can be produced also after the loss of hypothalamic integration, i.e., by integrative mechanisms in the lower brain stem and the spinal cord. In contrast, the responses of decerebrated rabbits to arterial and primary tissue hypoxia differed from those of intact rabbits in that they consisted in an overall activation in all investigated sympathetic branches. It is confirmed by this result that suprabulbar integration is essential for the generation of the inhibitory components in the differential sympathetic responses to hypoxia, which typically consist in cutaneous and cardiac sympathetic inhibition with splanchnic activation during arterial hypoxia and in cutaneous sympathetic inhibition with cardiac and splanchnic sympathetic activation during primary tissue hypoxia.     

A note on the Nagle attitude scale.

Nagle's scale to measure attitude toward supervisor assumed a relationship between an attitude toward the supervisor and a perception of how he behaves. This assumption was rejected by Brayfield and Crockett (1955). Evidence is now presented in support of the assumption and in rebuttal to Brayfield and Crockett. A special scale to measure attitudes toward supervisors was constructed specifically to avoid items referring to overt behavior. The correlation between the 2 scales for 74 research engineering employees was .786, or .835 when corrected for attenuation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A note on the dynamic correlation coefficient.

Examined the use of the dynamic correlation coefficient as a test of spuriousness in longitudinal designs. It is shown that given conditions of spuriousness and perfect stationarity, the dynamic correlation coefficient was positively, rather then inversely, related to spuriousness. It is also shown that very high dynamic correlations were indicative of spuriousness and that low to moderate dynamic correlations may reflect a number of conditions. It is concluded that the dynamic correlation is, in many instances, a highly fallible indicator of spuriousness. (19 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A note on migration and employment

We have developed a new J-shaped lead for atrial pacing. The lead has silicone rubber tines which become entangled in the trabeculae and thereby anchor the lead firmly in the left atrial appendage. Later, scar tissue forms around the tines, rather than around the electrode, so that there is no problem with either lead displacement or loss of sensing.     

A note on formal learning theory

Previous investigations have challenged the generality of the claim that perceived motion in an effective stimulus for smooth pursuit eye movements. The experiments extend the scope of these investigations. Three experiments test the hypothesis that perceived motion can serve as the stimulus for pursuit when the eye movement does not generate constraining retinal error information. Observers viewed retinally stabilized displays that elicited the perception that a stationary target was moving or that a moving target was moving faster than it was actually moving. The results failed to confirm the hypothesis. Relevant literature is reviewed. We conclude that perceived movement can act as a stimulus for pursuit only when the "perceptual target" has no retinal counterpart.     

A note on the judgment of speaker effectiveness.

Ratings of the effectiveness of the speaker at each of 14 meetings (445 participants, some attending more than 1 meeting) on an 8-item rating scale showed that a simple rating procedure can yield useful discrimination as to the excellence of public-speaker addressed meetings. However, this discrimination is primarily on a general or overall factor, with little evidence of differentiation among such elements as the speaker's qualifications or ability, topic coverage, personal gain from meeting, or satisfaction of expectations. Ratings of "timeliness of topic" alone tended to be somewhat independent of the evaluation of the meeting itself. Ratings of the effectiveness of the speaker were not significantly correlated with attendance at the meetings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A note on the stability of team performance.

Yearly winning percentages of 23 professional basketball teams over a 10-year period were used to evaluate the stability of team performance. The intercorrelation matrix produced by these data is characterized by strong, positive correlations in adjacent time periods. As the number of intervening time periods increased, however, the observed correlations systematically decreased and ultimately became negative. Significant negative correlations of earlier performance with later performance are almost never observed with typical time-related performance data. Possible explanations and boundary conditions for these atypical results are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A note on the scoring of ego disjunction.

A statistical reanalysis of the findings presented previously (see 34: 1064) demonstrated that the method of measuring ego disjunction was not as effective in distinguishing schizophrenics, character disorders, and college students as has been reported. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A further note on ranking the important psychologists.

Responses of 246 American Psychological Association members (of 1,000 surveyed) ranked Freud, Skinner, Watson, Pavlov, and Hull, respectively, as having the greatest influence on 20th century psychology. Skinner, Rogers, Hebb, Piaget, and Harlow, respectively, were ranked as the 5 most influential contemporary contributors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A further note on the fakability of the MTAI.

"This study employed a factorial design to investigate the effects of several conditions of administration on the fakability of the MTAI… the findings support the conclusion that groups of students are not likely to be able to fake the MTAI unless they receive a cue from the faking instructions, or elsewhere, as to what the inventory is about." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

腕月骨脱位及月骨周围脱位的诊断与治疗

目的:探讨腕月骨脱位及月骨周围脱位的诊断手段与治疗方法,为临床月骨脱位及月骨周围脱位的诊断与治疗提供依据,防止误诊和漏诊的发生.方法:收集本院2001年1月到2010年6月收治并就诊的在外院漏诊或误诊的月骨脱位或月骨周围脱位患者21例,采用拍摄腕部正位和侧位X片进行诊断,并依据病情进行早期复位和适当的固定,并于术后1年后进行Mayo Modified Wrist Score功能评价.结果:①共诊断出月骨脱位5例,经舟骨月骨脱位2例,月骨周围脱位9例,经舟骨月骨周围脱位4例,不典型月骨周围脱位1例.②术后患者的平均得分为81.2±3.8分,除1例患者得分为差外,其余20例患者得分均在尚可以上,占95.2%.结论:腕月骨脱位及月骨周围脱位情况比较复杂,应避免漏诊和误诊,尤其是不典型月骨周围脱位,及时和分型的术后治疗有助于腕关节功能的恢复.     

Comment on "A note on projection."

In this paper, the author replies to the comments of Chase (see 35: 6476). From Psyc Abstracts 36:01:1HL87M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A note on psychoanalysis in Canada.

Some historical and contemporary features of the psychoanalytic movement in Canada are brought to the attention of psychologists. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A note on analysis of covariance.

S. H. Evans and E. J. Anastasio (see record 1968-09688-001) constructed 2 sets of hypothetical data to show ways in which the analysis of covariance can yield erroneous results. It is argued that analysis of covariance does not give incorrect results for either set of their data. Analysis of covariance correctly (within rounding error) recovered the form of the models used to construct their data and also provided accurate estimates of parameters for both sets of data. Although analysis of covariance produces accurate results, it must be used cautiously because it may or may not answer the substantive question a researcher asks. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A note on measuring "understandability."

A measure of understandability is proposed as a supplement to reading ease measures such as the Flesch. In one application 9 sets of standard psychological test directions, for which Reading Ease scores were computed, were rated by groups of Navy Aviation Cadets. It would appear that RE scores and understandability ratings were not measuring the same thing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)