浅谈管道水击现象产生的机理及防护措施

在冶金化工企业中，管道担负着输送具有一定参数流体的任务，在众多的压力管线和大口径管线上，经常会发生水击，对管道及相连设备的安全产生危害，严重时甚至会造成管道、阀门等设备的破裂损坏，影响设备的安全运行及平稳生产。本文分析了水击现象产生的原因，并对水击压力的变化规律，提出了减轻水击危害的对策。     

供水管路的水击与消除

在洪水管路中，由于快速开闭器的速关而产生的冲击压，是供水管路和接头破裂的主要原因。本文分析了水击的成因、压力升高值、水击后管路中总压头及水击所需全部时间，指出了水击的防止与消除办法。     

某大型铜矿高浓度尾矿输送系统设计与实践

本文通过对某大型矿山尾矿输送系统工艺特点的分析,阐述了高浓度尾矿浆体压力输送的设计思路和方法。结合目前浆体管道输送系统核心的两种输送设备,详细介绍了渣浆泵输送方案和隔膜泵输送方案的工艺流程和总体配置,对比分析了两种方案在工程投资、运行成本、维护管理、环境保护等方面的优劣,最终选择了合适的输送方案。针对不同输送压力,本文提出了高浓度、大流量尾矿输送系统设备选型的一般原则,为类似高浓度、大流量、中等扬程尾矿输送系统的设计提供了参考。     

金堆城尾矿输送系统节能技术设计研究与实践

浆体输送广泛应用于冶金、有色、建材、煤炭、化工等行业，有色矿山尾矿输送系统的运行成本约占选矿生产总成本的1／3左右。早期建成的尾矿输送系统在实际运行中多存在着能耗高、事故多、易污染环境等亟待解决的问题，在大管径管道输送、工业浆体明槽输送研究及与工业实际结合等方面还有很多课题有待进一步研究。本文系统介绍了金堆城钼业集团有限公司十多年来在U型槽明流输送、大管径管道尾矿输送的现场测试、设计研究及泵型选择、工艺布置等方面进行的系统研究及改造实践，解决了长期困扰企业的技术难题，达到了经济、安全、无泄漏污染的目标；并对金堆城尾矿输送系统的发展方向提出了建议。     

水煤浆的非稳定管道输送特性

本文试验研究了水煤浆在管道输送过程中的非稳定流动特性，包括突然启动特性、缓慢启动特性及流量突然变化时的输送特性，并试验研究了水煤浆在管道内的滞留时间对启动压力的影响，为实际水煤浆管道输送系统的工程设计提供了设计参数。     

水隔离浆体泵在大颗粒浆体输送中的设计与应用

本文介绍了高扬程浆体泵———水隔离浆体泵经过改造 ,成功地应用在大颗粒浆体输送系统中 ,从不适合大颗粒浆体输送系统到能适合于大颗粒浆体输送系统 ,从而开创了水隔离浆体泵在大颗粒浆体输送系统中应用的先河 ,并且为其它种类的高扬程浆体泵提供了参考     

选矿厂尾矿输送系统的节能改造

本文通过白银公司选矿厂尾矿输送系统节能改造实例，介绍了利用科学有效地配置设备，满足复杂工况条件下大流量浆体输送需要的成功尝试。分析子改造后输送系统满足生产需要，提高系统可靠性的前提下节能降耗所获得的巨大经济效益，从而得出有关浆体输送的老企业中进行节能改造将大有可为的结论。     

50000kVA硅铁电炉布袋除尘器的操作控制

介绍了５０００ｋＶＡ硅铁电炉布袋除尘器系统的工艺流程和工艺参数，总结了该系统冷却器，过滤器的操作控制情况，并对温度，压力的控制，粉尘的输送及该系统存在的问题进行了分析。     

高浓度尾矿浆体输送技术的应用

介绍了高浓度浆体输送技术的特点及计算方法，结合会东铅锌矿尾矿设施中的尾矿输送工程实例，对高浓度浆体输送进行技术经济评价，选择适宜的设备，指导工程设计。     

氧气管网采用煤气柜技术稳压节能效果分析

目前我国空分装置的氧气压缩输送系统的压力一般在1.7～2.9MPa之间波动,而用户要求的压力在1.5MPa左右.从稳定并降低氧气的输送压力的角度出发,提出一种利用煤气柜技术低压储存氧气的氧气输送系统,并评价了新系统的节能效果.     

多晶硅生产冷却循环水系统及水质控制技术

多晶硅生产过程的冷却循环水系统主要用来为物料降温,一般分为开式循环水系统和闭式循环水系统.开式循环水系统主要工艺部件是开放式的,补水来源一般为工业软化水,循环水在运行过程中会发生CO2含量降低、碱度增加、pH值升高、浊度增加等情况,需要对冷却水的指标进行监测和控制,并选择适合的水处理药剂进行投加.闭式循环水系统为密闭系...     

Role of water temperature in the regulation of water intake.

Performed 3 experiments on small groups (n = 2-6) of thirsty Carworth female albino rats. Cool water suppressed water intake. The suppression was apparent from the 1st min of drinking. Suppression occurred for both short (20-min) and long (100-min) daily drinking sessions, and occurred whether the water was available from a sipper tube or a bowl. When cellular hydration was delayed by giving Ss isotonic saline instead of water, the suppression by cooling was enhanced. Cool-water suppression of water intake appears to be a short-latency satiety mechanism that anticipates cellular and extracellular hydration. (27 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Drinking water for the future

The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 represents an important step in improving the quality of public water supply in the United States. However, it fails to address two important problems: (1) The 1970 Public Health Service Community Water Supply Survey revealed that small public water supply systems often deliver poor quality water. The Act does not assure that these supplies will now receive appropriate attention; furthermore, the Act does not address the needs of the 50 million people not now served by public water systems; (2) About one-third of our population draws its drinking waters from polluted sources. The decisions to use these low cost sources were made generations ago when consumers could be protected from water-borne infectious disease. A new problem has now arisen--the presence of numerous synthetic organic chemicals of uncertain health consequence, not removed by conventional water treatment. The Act does not address this problem. Regionalization and the integration of water resource and water pollution control authorities are proposed as a reasonable solution to these problems. The development of dual water supply systems in order to conserve scarce pure water sources for human consumption appears to be a feasible way to avoid using polluted waters for drinking. The development of dual supplies would be enhanced by regionalization and integration of water authorities.     

电化学循环水水质稳定处理技术的原理及应用

电化学循环水水质稳定处理技术的缓蚀、阻垢、杀菌灭藻效果好,应用这种技术的循环水系统不需要投加任何化学药剂,且强制排污水量少,不仅可节约药剂费和补水费,而且有很好的节能减排和环境保护效果。讨论了电化学循环水水质稳定处理技术的基本原理并结合其在某催化公司循环水系统节能改造工程中的应用,介绍了电化学循环水系统的设计、运行控制方法,运行结果表明,电化学水处理技术比传统化学法具有更好的处理效果,排污量减少了约76%,大大节省了水资源和运行成本,具有很好的技术优势和应用前景。     

浅析污水的性质和污水处理必要性

水是人类生存之本,用发展的眼光去看问题,水将是制约承钢发展的重要因素,为此污水的再利用将是缓解水资源缺乏的首选之计。本文从水质的性质、处理方法和效果等方面介绍了水的一般知识,并简单陈述了承钢主要二级生产单位的污水来源,阐明了污水处理的长远意义。     

淬火水处理系统送高位水箱水泵变频改造分析

以宝钢厚板厂淬火水处理系统送水部分为研究对象,对其中的送高位水箱水泵进行变频改造分析。分析结果表明,变频改造在保证后续用户用水的前提下,不仅解决了送高位水箱水泵频繁启停的问题,而且高位水箱的溢流量降至最低,节能效益明显。     

硅钙炉余热发电系统化学水及循环水处理技术

阐述了3×33 MV·A硅钙合金电炉1×7.5 MW余热发电电站化学水和循环水处理技术,重点论述了余热发电化学水处理的方法、反渗透的原理、水汽化学监督及故障处理等。电站所使用的锅炉为小型低压锅炉,锅炉水处理主要排水为过滤器反洗水和混床再生废水,经中和池处理后排放,生产废水除浊度、含盐量增加外,基本不含有害成分,可以直接排放,总排放量为11.32t/h。该套硅钙合金电炉余热发电电站化学水处理和循环水系统已运行一年,以较低的设备投资和运行维护费用保障了锅炉和设备的冷却需要,运行情况良好,取得了较高的经济收益。     

一体化净水器在工业废水处理中的应用

介绍了一体化净水器在工业污水处理过程的使用情况及效果，并根据运行中存在的问题提出了在工艺管理和设备维护中的注意事项。     

超临界水氧化法处理有机污水的应用研究与展望

研究了超临界水氧化法反应介质体系的性质与特点，介绍了该方法的原理、原则工艺流程以及国内外采用超临界水氧化法处理污水的研究现状，并展望了这种新兴技术的发展方向和市场应用前景。     

Rotation of water in the Morris water maze interferes with path integration mechanisms of place navigation

The idea that place navigation in the Morris water maze is implemented by path integration between locations determined by landmark sighting was investigated in a 200-cm-diameter pool in which circular (7.2 degrees/s) motion of water could be induced by tangentially arranged water jets. The rats were trained at 8 trials per day to navigate to an erectable platform which was raised after the rat had spent a criterion time in the target annulus (30 cm in diameter) in the midpoint of the NW quadrant. Asymptotic escape latency of 7 s was reached after 9 days in moving water (n = 8) and after 6 days in stationary water (n = 8). The group overtrained for 13 days in stable water performed well even after it was transferred to moving water. Changing the sense of rotation of water from counterclockwise to clockwise did not affect the asymptotic performance. The above findings show that overtrained rats rely on landmark sighting rather than on path integration. The influence of water movement reappeared when place navigation to a new target (SW) was examined in alternating 2-s periods of light (L) and darkness (D). On the first day, the latencies were 15.2 +/- 1.2 and 22.8 +/- 1.9 s in stable and moving water, respectively, but dropped to 10 s on the following day. The tracks generated in the L period were more tortuous than those generated in the D period and this difference was more pronounced in moving than in stable water. It is concluded that path integration mechanisms supporting navigation during intervals of darkness are impaired in moving water but that this impairment disappears in overtrained animals.