Exploring similarities and differences in teamwork across diverse healthcare contexts using communication analysis

Teamwork is prevalent in many work contexts. This study explored the similarities and differences in teamwork processes across different healthcare work contexts with the aim of assessing knowledge transfer feasibility. The research approach was to aggregate team communication analyses from four healthcare contexts to uncover teamwork similarities and differences. The four healthcare contexts included two handoffs and two surgery contexts. The communication analysis segmented communication into meaningful sequences. It categorized utterances into content categories and verbal behaviors. There were a few similar content categories across the four contexts. A clear information structure emerged in the two handoff contexts. In addition, there were more dialogues and requests in the surgeries compared to more reports in the handoffs. The content similarities suggest that some knowledge is transferable among the contexts. However, the differences in communication patterns reflect fundamental differences between handoff and surgery contexts in some teamwork processes. This research demonstrated that using communication analysis can uncover similarities and differences in team cognition and teamwork processes across work contexts. This in turn can help determine what knowledge and methods pertaining to team training, procedures, and technology are transferable across the contexts.     

多粒度形式概念分析的介粒度标记方法

现有的多粒度标记形式背景将所有属性的粒度标记值通过多个单粒度标记形式背景的并置予以表示,这可能导致后续相关问题的研究主要集中于多个单粒度标记形式背景的知识发现及其相互关系,不利于挖掘多粒度标记形式背景的多层次知识.通过重构单粒度标记形式背景的属性粒度标记值,在多粒度标记形式背景中研究介粒度标记形式背景,使得知识发现不仅仅局限于数据采集或表示所形成的粗细粒度标记数据,还包括跨粒度重组数据的知识发现.首先,提出介粒度标记形式背景的概念,给出相应的语义解释;其次,讨论介粒度标记形式背景的泛化与特化,在此基础上证明所有介粒度标记形式背景在泛化-特化关系下构成一个完备格;然后,给出多粒度标记决策形式背景的介粒度知识发现方法,得到粗细介粒度标记形式背景之间的决策蕴涵诱导关系;最后,实验分析表明介粒度标记方法的有效性和优势所在.     

普适计算环境下上下文不一致性的消除算法研究*

在普适计算环境下,由于所获得上下文信息的不一致性,往往会导致应用不一致性的产生。针对上下文不一致性的消除问题,提出了全丢弃消除算法、最新上下文丢弃算法、基于确定性上下文丢弃算法和基于相关性的上下文丢弃算法,并对算法的性能进行了比较和分析。实验表明,这些算法能够有效达到消除上下文不一致性的目的。     

Efficient shape matching using shape contexts

We demonstrate that shape contexts can be used to quickly prune a search for similar shapes. We present two algorithms for rapid shape retrieval: representative shape contexts, performing comparisons based on a small number of shape contexts, and shapemes, using vector quantization in the space of shape contexts to obtain prototypical shape pieces.     

三支类背景上的规则获取

规则提取是三支概念分析中的一个重要问题。首先,基于属性导出三支概念,定义了两种三支类背景,即三支条件类背景和三支决策类背景,给出了类背景上的类概念并且研究了类概念的结构。其次,讨论了三支决策类背景上的类概念与三支弱协调决策形式背景上的属性导出三支概念之间的关系。然后,提出了三支决策类背景上的规则获取方法,并且 通过比较证明了基于三支类背景获取的规则优于基于三支弱协调决策形式背景获取的规则。最后,利用三支条件类背景给出了反向规则与双向规则的获取方法。     

Rule acquisition and attribute reduction in real decision formal contexts

Formal Concept Analysis of real set formal contexts is a generalization of classical formal contexts. By dividing the attributes into condition attributes and decision attributes, the notion of real decision formal contexts is introduced. Based on an implication mapping, problems of rule acquisition and attribute reduction of real decision formal contexts are examined. The extraction of “if–then” rules from the real decision formal contexts, and the approach to attribute reduction of the real decision formal contexts are discussed. By the proposed approach, attributes which are non-essential to the maximal s rules or l rules (to be defined later in the text) can be removed. Furthermore, discernibility matrices and discernibility functions for computing the attribute reducts of the real decision formal contexts are constructed to determine all attribute reducts of the real set formal contexts without affecting the results of the acquired maximal s rules or l rules.     

Managing the Knowledge‐Creating Context: A Strategic Time Approach

Understanding the contexts of knowledge is necessary to manage knowledge processes successfully. The goal of this paper is to provide a theoretical framework for understanding and utilizing knowledge that is embedded in contexts, focusing on the relationship between time and knowledge processes. This paper integrates the time lens and the literature on the knowledge based view to develop four different time contexts that can enable different organizational knowledge processes. Propositions on how to utilize time to create enabling contexts for organizational knowledge creation and innovation are developed. Suggested intervention strategies help to create contexts for knowledge creation and exploitation.     

An Empirical Study of Use Contexts in the Mobile Internet,Focusing on the Usability of Information Architecture

The mobile Internet—accessing the Internet via a mobile device—has become quite popular recently. The mobile Internet is mainly different from the stationary Internet because it may be used in various contexts, whereas the stationary Internet is mostly used in pre-determined environments. However, it is unclear when the mobile Internet is used most frequently, and in what context it is most useful. A greater understanding of the contexts for using the mobile Internet will relieve usability problems that mobile Internet users often encounter.This paper proposes a conceptual framework of use contexts, which includes various facets of contexts related to the mobile Internet. It then presents the results of an exploratory study in which the use contexts for the mobile Internet and corresponding usability problems have been empirically monitored. The results indicate that use of the mobile Internet is heavily clustered around a few key contexts, rather than dispersed widely in diverse contexts. Moreover, different contexts are found to cause different kinds of usability problems. The paper ends with theoretical and practical implications of the study results.     

n阶形式背景核的构造算法

基于n阶形式背景核的概念格同构生成是一种新的概念格获取方法.其中n阶形式背景核的构造是基础.根据n阶形式背景核的概念,提出了n阶形式背景核的基本算法,并通过限制冗余形式背景的生成,对算法进行了改进.最后经过实验,验证了改进算法相对基本算法效率更高.     

面向复杂物联网应用的上下文质量感知技术研究

随着物联网应用的快速发展,传感信息日益多元化,传感器网络规模广域化,底层传感器网络构成异构化,传感信息数量大数据化,相应地,这也使得底层传感信息中所蕴含的不一致性、不完整性、不准确性等影响信息质量的因素大大增加。而传统的上下文感知技术没有充分考虑上下文质量对感知过程的影响,因此,在现有的上下文感知系统框架的基础上,充分研究不一致性、不完整性、不准确性等低质量传感器上下文的消除问题,通过上下文质量因子分类配置、不准确与不一致上下文丢弃、不完整上下文填充等方法实现了不同层次的控制机制,降低了信息的不确定性,从而有效提高了物联网应用的上下文处理质量。     

An unsupervised approach to modeling personalized contexts of mobile users

Mobile context modeling is a process of recognizing and reasoning about contexts and situations in a mobile environment, which is critical for the success of context-aware mobile services. While there are prior works on mobile context modeling, the use of unsupervised learning techniques for mobile context modeling is still under-explored. Indeed, unsupervised techniques have the ability to learn personalized contexts, which are difficult to be predefined. To that end, in this paper, we propose an unsupervised approach to modeling personalized contexts of mobile users. Along this line, we first segment the raw context data sequences of mobile users into context sessions where a context session contains a group of adjacent context records which are mutually similar and usually reflect the similar contexts. Then, we exploit two methods for mining personalized contexts from context sessions. The first method is to cluster context sessions and then to extract the frequent contextual feature-value pairs from context session clusters as contexts. The second method leverages topic models to learn personalized contexts in the form of probabilistic distributions of raw context data from the context sessions. Finally, experimental results on real-world data show that the proposed approach is efficient and effective for mining personalized contexts of mobile users.     

Hierarchical representation of on-chip context to reduce reconfiguration time and implementation area for coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture

In reconfigurable system, fast reconfiguration and small size of configuration contexts are strongly required to enhance the processing performance and reduce the implementation overhead. In this paper, a hierarchical representation of contexts for CGRA called HCC is proposed to satisfy the above requirements. In HCC, the contexts are constructed in a hierarchical fashion to thoroughly eliminate the repetitive portions of the contexts, not only reducing the overall contexts storage size, but also alleviating the contexts transportation overhead. The fast context-indexing mechanism is proposed in HCC to achieve high configuration speed, since the hierarchically organized contexts can be located and accessed conveniently. HCC has been verified in a reconfigurable processor called REMUS_HP. Owing to HCC, when implementing H.264 decoding on REMUS_HP, 76.67% of the overall contexts are reduced compared with the traditional non-hierarchical one; and the configuration speed is averagely 23× increased compared with the latest reported optimized configuration mechanism on Virtex-4 FX60. REMUS_HP is implemented on a 48.9 mm^2 silicon with TSMC 65 nm technology. Simulation shows that 1920 ×1088@30 fps could be achieved for H.264 high-profile decoding when exploiting a 200 MHz working frequency. Compared with the high performance version of XPP, the performance is 181% boosted.     

基于上下文感知的智能交互系统模型

上下文感知是提高人机交互智能性的重要途径,上下文信息能否在计算过程中真正发挥其作用主要取决于两个方面：一是从交互环境中提取和形成上下文;二是协调控制各种上下文与高层应用之间的通信．文中围绕这两个问题展开讨论,提出了一种上下文感知和调度的策略,并建立了一个基于上下文感知的智能交互系统结构模型．介绍了按照所述策略和模型构建的实例系统,初步证明了其合理性和有效性．     

Use Contexts for the Mobile Internet: A Longitudinal Study Monitoring Actual Use of Mobile Internet Services

The mobile Internet, which gives access to the World Wide Web through a mobile device, has been gaining in popularity. The mobile Internet differs from the traditional stationary Internet in that it can be used in a wider variety of contexts. However, no studies have identified the contexts in which mobile Internet services are used most frequently, or determined which contexts exert significant influence on a user's choice of mobile service. This article proposes a framework of use contexts that reflects the characteristics of the mobile Internet. To explore these contexts, a research method was devised and a longitudinal monitoring study was conducted. The results indicate that mobile Internet use is heavily clustered around a few key contexts, rather than dispersed widely over diverse contexts. Further, participants in the monitoring study were found to concentrate their use on a few mobile services, rather than on exploring diverse services. Perhaps most interestingly, some contextual factors were found to correlate closely with the selection of specific mobile Internet services. On the basis of these results, the article concludes with implications for developers of mobile Internet services.     

概念格的分布处理研究

概念格和形式背景是一一对应的，概念格的分布处理必然涉及到形式背景的处理．定义了形式背景问的横向和纵向合并运算，讨论了同域背景间的三种不同的关系，特别提出一种新颖的属性相似度方法来处理背景间的不一致关系，把不一致的形式背景转换为一致背景或独立背景；还定义了概念、概念格间的基本运算，并证明了纵向合并的子背景的概念格和子背景所对应的子概念格的并是同构的，这样就奠定了概念格分布处理的理论基础，为概念格的分布并行构造提供了依据．     

Interactive systems: bridging the gaps between developers and users

Three development contexts are examined to provide a framework for understanding interactive software development projects. These contexts are the competitively bid, commercial product, and in-house/custom contexts development. Factors influencing interactive systems development are examined. Specific strategies to cope with the gaps between developers and prospective users are explored at the general level of the three development paradigms     

Investigating the nonlinear and conditional effects of trust—The new role of institutional contexts in online repurchase

Trust is paramount to developing and maintaining long-term relationships in all stages of the customer lifecycle, including the repurchase stage. This research goes beyond the simple finding documented in the extant trust literature that the effect of trust will diminish. It sheds light on the role of institutional contexts and develops a nuanced understanding of the boundary conditions under which trust operates in the repurchase stage, where knowledge-based trust becomes more predominant. Drawing on a different theoretical tenet, prospect theory, we find that customers exhibit distinctively different transaction intentions in the two perceptual conditions of high and low trust in institutional contexts. Specifically, the nonlinear relationship between trust and repeat online transaction intention is inverted U-shaped curvilinear when trust in institutional contexts is high, but is U-shaped when trust in institutional contexts is low. With data collected from both e-commerce and mobile banking contexts using two different measures of institutional contexts, we employed a new and advanced latent moderated structural (LMS) equations approach for analysis and provided robust results. Our findings largely confirm the hypotheses and offer theoretical, methodological, and practical implications.     

Joint contexts optimization for mobile grid

This paper presents joint contexts optimization in mobile grid. The paper describes device context information for context-aware services in the mobile device collaboration. The objective of the paper is to dynamically deliver services to mobile grid users according to current context of mobile grid environment. A utility function is used as objective function that expresses values for the current contexts. The optimization is carried out by the joint context parameter optimizer with respect to an objective function. A joint contexts optimization algorithm is proposed which decomposes mobile grid system optimization problem into sub-problems. In the experiment, the performance evaluation of joint contexts optimization algorithm is conducted.     

Some Contexts Common for the Number Theory and Harmonic Analysis

Some contexts common for harmonic analysis and number theory are considered. Elements of harmonic analysis are presented in contexts of Rieman integrals, improper integrals, prime finite fields and finite Abelian groups. Contexts of symmetric properties of functions and theory of measure are considered in brief. Applications of the methods and results from the above contexts to some problems of number theory are given.     

基于上下文的普适计算角色访问控制模型

针对普适计算访问控制上下文感知的特点,分析了现有扩展RBAC模型的不足,提出了基于上下文的角色访问控制模型(CRBAC).模型定义了可执行角色集,引入由时间状态,位置信息、用户信任值组成的上下文信息,由上下文信息激活可执行角色集,并以此代表用户最终获得的权限,这样用户就只能在一定的上下文中才可以执行某个角色的某个权限,实现了细粒度的动态授权.然后分别对此模型下单用户和多用户的访问控制过程进行了描述,最后利用有限状态机验证了模型的安全性.