花生油中掺杂棉籽油、大豆油的鉴定方法概述

花生油中掺杂棉籽油、大豆油的现象比较普遍。主要以掺入这两种油的花生油为样品,通过伯利哀试验和气润色谱法测定不同掺入量的混浊温度和脂肪酸组成,从而对花生油的掺杂进行鉴定。     

茶油与橄榄油营养价值的比较

分别详细地介绍了茶油和橄榄油的理化特性以及营养价值.茶油和橄榄油是以营养、保健、天然闻名于世界的两种植物油脂,其理化特性指标相似,脂肪酸组成也极为相近.     

棕榈油大豆油为原料调和油冷冻性能研究

对碘值60棕榈油与大豆油调和而成调和油在0℃、10℃、20℃三种温度条件下进行冷冻性能研究。在0℃情况下,即使棕榈油含量仅10%,也会很快混浊和结冻;在10℃情况下,含20%棕榈油的棕榈油大豆油调和油可保持15天以上澄清透明;在20℃情况下,含40%棕榈油的棕榈油大豆油调和油可保持25天以上而澄清透明。     

Infrared spectroscopy for quantitative analysis and oil parameters of olive oil and virgin coconut oil: A review

Vegetable oils are major lipid sources with high nutritional and calorific values for human diet. Specifically, virgin coconut oil and extra virgin olive oil are the functional oils widely used in food and pharmaceutical products, either as vehicles or main components. The quality of edible oils is determined by its contents and parameters inherent in vegetable oils. Infrared spectroscopy is an ideal technique for quantitative analysis of vegetable oils as well as for determination of oils parameters as the changes in infrared spectra can be associated with the changes of oils parameters. Infrared spectra in complex samples are difficult to interpret, as a consequence, spectroscopist uses additional tools called with chemometrics to analyse edible oils qualitatively and quantitatively. This article reviews the use of infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics (multivariate analysis) for quantitative analysis and determination of oil parameters of virgin coconut oil and extra virgin olive oil. Although infrared spectra for edible oils are similar, they exhibit some differences which enable spectroscopist to differentiate due to the nature property of infrared spectroscopy spectra as fingerprint spectra which can be understood that there are no different edible oils having the same infrared spectroscopy spectra.     

萝卜籽油对大豆油和花生油的抗氧化作用

用二氯甲烷作溶剂提取萝卜籽中的油脂,并以过氧化值和酸值为指标研究了萝卜籽油在大豆油和花生油中的抗氧化性能。结果表明:萝卜籽油在大豆油和花生油中具有很好的抗氧化性能,对大豆油的抗氧化效果比花生油好;0.1%萝卜籽油对大豆油的抗氧化效果比0.02%BHT好;0.2%萝卜籽油对花生油的抗氧化效果稍差于0.02%BHT。     

Determination of trace metals in cottonseed oil and hydrogenated cottonseed oil

The main vegetable oils used in Egypt are cottonseed oil and hydrogenated cottonseed oil; these are used as salad oil and for cooking. Determination of trace heavy metals in the oils is important. This is because of the association of trace metals with the origin of the oils, metal processing equipment and catalysts used for hydrogenation, and toxicity of edible oils, and because of the effect of trace metals on the characteristics, such as colour and taste, of finished products.Iron, copper, aluminium and magnesium were found in the cottonseed oil. These metals were also found in the hydrogenated cottonseed oil, together with lead, silver and calcium. The amounts of metals were below the limits permitted by public health and safety regulations.     

椰子油、棕榈仁油制取工艺探讨

探讨了椰子干和棕榈仁加工工艺。由于这种高含油油料自身特点,不能套用我国常用的油脂制取工艺,有些虽属小道理,但影响全局,影响安全、稳定、低耗运行。所述内容对开拓国外油脂工程市场有一定帮助。     

棕榈油和棕榈仁油的地位和现状

中国是一个油脂资源非常贫乏的国家 ,每年都要从国外进口大量的油脂以满足人民生活及工业需要。据统计 ,1997年中国进口的大豆油是 2 0 0万吨 ,棕榈油 16 2万吨 ,棕榈仁油 1 5万吨 ,其中棕榈油的消费量已位居第 4(见表 2 )。预计 ,至 2 0 0 5年 ,世界棕榈油的消费量将超过大豆油 (见表 1)。作为具有巨大市场潜力和价值的油脂资源 ,国外就棕榈油和棕榈仁油的生产、物理和化学性质及其应用等方面的研究已日趋深入[1] ,但在我国有关棕榈油和棕榈仁油的研究和介绍资料极少。为此 ,希望通过本文的介绍 ,能加深对棕榈油和棕榈仁油的了解 ,并能引起…     

Physicochemical characterisation and oxidative stability of refined hoki oil,unrefined hoki oil and unrefined tuna oil

Physicochemical characterisation and oxidative stability of refined hoki oil, unrefined hoki oil and unrefined tuna oil were carried out in the present study. Tuna oil contains a higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (42.57%) than the hoki oils (28.79–30.13%), which have higher percentages of monounsaturated fatty acids (45.02–47.16%). All oils showed a good ratio of n‐3 to n‐6 fatty acid (7.01–8.10). Cholesterol contents in the unrefined hoki (5149.40 μg g^?1) and tuna (2045.48 μg g^?1) oils were higher than the refined hoki oil (1411.27 μg g^?1). Tuna has a higher concentration of natural α‐tocopherol (752.49 μg g^?1) but lower concentration of vitamin A (110.99 μg g^?1) than unrefined hoki oil (151.44 μg g^?1 and 997.60 μg g^?1, respectively). Higher percentages of unsaponifiable matter were found in the hoki oils (4.90–7.24%) compared with the tuna oil (0.56%). The hoki oils appear more yellow than the tuna oil, which is darker by comparison. Moisture, p‐anisidine value and free fatty acid contents in the hoki oils were lower than the tuna oil. Other indicators of oxidative stability showed that the hoki oils were more stable than the tuna oil.     

Blends of olive oil and sunflower oil: Characterisation and olive oil quantification using fatty acid composition and chemometric tools

A method capable of recognising the percentage of olive oil in a blend is required to verify whether its labelling complies with the statements set out by the Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1019/2002. In this study an analytical methodology was developed in order to define blends of olive oil and sunflower oil, which contain 50% of olive oil, compared to blends with 40% and 60% of it, respectively. Methyl esters of fatty acids were analysed by GC–FID and processed through chemometric tools (PCA, TFA, SIMCA and PLS). A strong differentiation of blends according to the amount of olive oil contained and a quantification model with a standard error of prediction of 1.51% were obtained. As this issue represents a significant analytical challenge, variability associated with the fatty acid composition of olive oil was first studied.     

薄层色谱法快速鉴别潲水油和煎炸老油的研究

潲水油被炼制并流回食用油行列的事件逐年增多,为防止此类有害油品流回食用油行列,寻找快速而准确的鉴别方法,对从市场购买的常见食用植物油以及采集到的潲水油、煎炸老油进行薄层色谱分析,发现潲水油和煎炸老油的薄层色谱有明显的拖尾斑,而食用植物油则没有.拖尾斑成分经柱色谱分离并进行红外分析,结果表明,潲水油、煎炸老油的拖尾成分是合格食用油所不含的醛、酮类化合物.薄层色谱法可以作为鉴别合格食用植物油与潲水油、煎炸老油的快速方法.     

大蒜精油和姜精油对大豆油的抗氧化活性研究

为了进一步证明大蒜精油和姜油的抗氧化活性,力求为两种精油作为天然多功能食品添加的应用提供一定的理论基础。因此,以用超临界CO2萃取的大蒜油和姜油为主要研究对象,并以精炼大豆油为底物,采用史卡尔(Schaal)法,研究了不同剂量的大蒜精油和姜精油的抗氧化活性,同时将其与用量均为0.02%的TBHQ和维生素E抗氧化能力进行了比较。结果表明,大蒜精油和姜精油对大豆油具有明显的抗氧化效果,并有一定的剂量效应关系,大蒜精油对大豆油的抗氧化能力整体上要明显强于姜精油,并且0.02%大蒜精油的抗氧化性能明显优于0.02%TBHQ和0.02%维生素E,然而实验中姜精油的抗氧化性能均不及0.02%TBHQ和0.02%维生素E。此外,实验研究还发现两种精油添加于油脂中,都会对油脂的颜色和气味产生不同程度的影响。     

油茶籽油、油橄榄油、核桃油、香榧油中 主要化学成分分析

目的对油茶籽油、油橄榄油、核桃油、香榧油中的主要功能成分进行分析比较。方法基于气相色谱法和高效液相色谱法对4种木本油脂中脂肪酸组分、角鲨烯、β-谷甾醇和维生素E含量进行了测定,并对不同油脂中各种功能成分组成和含量进行对比分析。结果 4种木本油脂中总不饱和脂肪酸(USFA)和总饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量分别在83.1~91.4%和8.6~16.9%之间,其中单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量差别较大,油茶籽油和油橄榄油中的单不饱和脂肪酸含量高,而核桃油和香榧油中的单不饱和脂肪酸含量低;油橄榄油中角鲨烯含量显著高于其他3种油脂,达到398.9 mg/100 g;香榧油中β-谷甾醇含量显著高于其他3种油脂,达到328.7 mg/100 g,维生素E在不同木本油脂中存在形式和含量差异较大,总维生素E含量在24.9~129.8 mg/100 g之间。结论从主要功能成分组成来看,油橄榄油和油茶籽油比较接近;核桃油与香榧油中各种功能成分含量相近,通过对4种油脂功能成分进行分析比较,有利于开发和推广我国木本油料资源和产业发展。     

美藤果油、亚麻籽油和紫苏籽油氧化稳定性对比研究

以共轭二烯烃、共轭三烯烃、过氧化值、羰基值平均增长速率以及110℃的氧化诱导时间为指标,对比研究了美藤果油、亚麻籽油和紫苏籽油的氧化稳定性,同时探讨了在60℃加速氧化过程中3种植物油主要微量组分以及脂肪酸组成的变化。结果表明:3种植物油中共轭二烯烃、共轭三烯烃、过氧化值、羰基值平均增长速率为美藤果油<亚麻籽油<紫苏籽油,氧化诱导时间为美藤果油>亚麻籽油>紫苏籽油;甾醇、多酚的损失率为紫苏籽油>美藤果油>亚麻籽油,维生素E的损失率为紫苏籽油>亚麻籽油>美藤果油;多不饱和脂肪酸损失率和饱和脂肪酸增加率为亚麻籽油>紫苏籽油>美藤果油。因此,认为美藤果油氧化稳定性最强,亚麻籽油次之,紫苏籽油最弱。     

GC-MS对不同比例胡麻油和菜籽油混合油脂肪酸分析

利用GC-MS分析60%与40%,70%与30%、80%与20%三种不同配比胡麻油和菜籽油混合油脂肪酸组成。结果表明:三个不同配比胡麻油和菜籽油混合油脂肪酸组成不同,其亚麻酸含量随着菜籽油添加比例减少而增加,分别为34.33%、39.51%和41.75%;芥酸含量随着菜籽油添加比例增加而增加。说明菜籽油添加会影响胡麻油食用品质。     

辣椒油制作中油的选择与工艺参数的试验研究

采用色拉油浸提辣椒素,对影响提取率的因素如油的种类、辣椒含水率、粒度、温度、时间等进行研究。试验结果表明,大豆色拉油提取率稍高,最佳提取条件为辣椒含水率17％、粒度筛孔0．41mm、温度180℃、时间在20-25h。     

杜仲籽浸出取油条件及籽油与仁油品质比较研究

对杜仲翅果粉碎后筛选分离出部分翅壳,可使物料的含仁率提高18.1个百分点,含油率提高7.5个百分点,杜仲胶含量降低9.0个百分点。以正己烷为溶剂提取油脂,通过单因素实验及L9(34)正交实验得到杜仲籽油的最佳浸出条件为:浸出时间15 min,浸出温度55℃,料液比1∶16,浸出次数4次。在最佳条件下的出油率为18.60%,出胶率为1.34%。对杜仲籽油与杜仲籽仁油的检测分析表明,杜仲籽油的酸值和过氧化值均高于杜仲籽仁油(酸值(KOH)分别为4.1、0.8 mg/g,过氧化值分别为5.3、2.6 mmol/kg);杜仲籽油不皂化物含量也明显高于杜仲籽仁油(分别为2.37%、0.87%);杜仲籽油和杜仲籽仁油的脂肪酸组成、维生素E、甾醇及磷脂含量相差不大。对杜仲籽浸出混合油进行冷冻后经离心分离可将杜仲籽油中的杜仲胶基本去除。     

牡丹籽油的研究进展及油用牡丹综合利用价值分析

牡丹籽含油率达22%以上,牡丹籽油中不饱和脂肪酸含量达92%,其中亚麻酸含量达41%,营养价值很高。详细介绍了牡丹籽油的发展,并综述了牡丹籽油的提取方法及组成成分、功能与特性,分析了油用牡丹的综合利用价值,最后提出目前存在的问题并展望,为油用牡丹的大力发展提供参考。     

不同品种石榴籽油油脂品质对比分析

为比较不同品种石榴籽油的油脂品质差别,以10个品种的石榴籽油为样本采用气相色谱技术(GC)分析了其主要脂肪酸组成,采用国标方法测定其过氧化值(POV)和碘值,并研究了储存期石榴籽油的POV变化。结果显示,10个品种的石榴籽油棕榈酸含量为1.77%～3.01%,油酸含量为1.20%～5.12%,亚油酸含量为1.67%～2.95%,石榴酸含量为52.54%～89.78%;POV为0.002 25～0.008 6 g/100 g之间,碘值为143.4～162.2 gI/100 g;储存期石榴籽油POV存在跃变现象。表明不同品种石榴籽油在品质上存在一定的差别,其中石榴酸是各品种的主要脂肪酸并且品种间含量差异较大,都属于高不饱和植物油,保健价值高,但容易氧化变质,不耐储存。