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1.
Abstract and Key Results
相似文献
| • | This study discusses the underlying reasons for the variant nature of the relationship between multinationality and firm performance in the context of service firms. |
| • | To date, this line of research has mostly used evidence from manufacturing firms, despite the ever-increasing contribution of service firms to national and global economies. |
| • | We conduct an exploratory study using case analyses of large European retail banks. We argue that the nature of the multinationality-performance relationship for services is moderated by industry characteristics, market-based factors and firm-specific factors. |
| • | We conclude that the shape of the curve depicting the multinationality-performance relationship of retail banks experiences substantial variations on a single case level. |
| • | Our exploratory study of retail banks shows that the multinationality-performance relationship varies significantly depending on banks’ strategic decisions regarding branch network configurations, product portfolios, branding strategies, organizational architecture (HQ-subsidiary relationship), and social networks. Any generalization of the relationship is difficult and prone to error. |
2.
| • | We pursue the previously-noted association between brands and counterfeiting one step further to examine the relationship between brand positioning and anti-counterfeiting, based on a study of 130 well-known foreign brands in China. |
| • | We test hypotheses about managerial perceptions as to the effects of different brand positioning strategies on the effectiveness of their actions to counter counterfeiting, in other words, whether branding positioning can help to stop counterfeiting, limit damage to firms and maintain brand reputation. |
| • | Our findings confirm that brand positioning affects anti-counterfeiting effectiveness. Specifically, product reliability and customer services are compatible with efforts to stop counterfeit production, but innovative technologies and product features and functions appear to exacerbate the problem. |
3.
L. Vasil’ev D. Nikanpour A. Antukh K. Snelson L. Vasil’ev A. Lebru 《Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics》1999,72(3):572-577
Conclusions The conclusions are summarized as follows:
Finally the advantage of no moving parts makes this cooler/heater attractive for space and domestic applications.
Academic Scientific Complex “A. V. Luikov Institute of Heat and Mass Transfer of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus,”
Minsk. Published in Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 72, No. 3, pp. 595–600, May–June, 1999. 相似文献
| – | • The operation of a new three-salt-carbon chemical heat pump was experimentally verified. |
| – | • A heat output of 1.5 kW was tested with a temperature lift near 100°C with a COP equal to 1.44 without heat recovery. |
| – | • With heat-pipe heat recovery the COP of this system can be increased to 1.62. |
| – | • The efficiency of this heat pump can be increased if for the bottom cycle a condenser and a capillary pumped evaporator are used. |
| – | • To increase the cycle efficiency it is necessary to improve the design of the adsorber, increase the number of salts with different temperature lifts, and use a convective mode for sorbent-bed heating. |
| – | • A four-salt heat pump could potentially be used to increase the COP of the system further, provided other parasitic losses can be reduced. |
4.
| • | Drawing on reasoned action and family systems theories, as well as the domestic and international job transfer and relocation, global assignments, personality and work-life balance research domains, this study examines managers’ willingness to assume global assignments. |
| • | We propose a multi-factor model and test several hypotheses using survey data collected from 431 global managers and 162 spouses/significant others that examine the degree to which individual, family, and organizational variables influence managerial willingness to accept not only the more traditional multi-year, but also the increasingly common traveling and short-term global assignments. |
| • | Results suggest that individual (adventurousness and destination country), family (eldercare, children at home, community tenure, and spouse/significant other relocation willingness), and organizational (compensatory rewards/benefits and career fit) factors influence managerial willingness to assume global assignments. |
| Robert KonopaskeEmail: |
5.
Laszlo Tihanyi Robert E. Hoskisson Richard A. Johnson William P. Wan 《Management International Review》2009,49(4):409-431
| • | This paper shows that the role of managerial incentives is highlighted by a relatively complex relationship between technological competence and international diversification. By studying a sample of Standard & Poor’s 500 member firms, we explore the relationships between technological competence, managerial pay, and international diversification. |
| • | Results indicated a curvilinear relationship (an inverted U-shape) between technological competence and international diversification. |
| • | In line with agency theory, contingent pay (stock options and bonuses) was positively related to international diversification. |
| • | Beyond these direct effects, both contingent and non-contingent pay (cash compensation) moderated the relationship between technological competence and international diversification. |
6.
Abstract and Key Results
相似文献
| • | This study examines the performance impacts of entry mode choice based on the perceptions of managers of a large sample of foreign MNEs in South Korea. Using an extended transaction costs model, an evaluation of performance relative to predicted entry mode is carried out. |
| • | We find that affiliate performance is a multidimensional and complex phenomenon, which may be properly explained by multiple factors, including the coordination and control of the affiliate by the MNE, that go beyond initial entry mode choices. |
| • | Foreign MNEs following the entry mode predicted by the extended transaction costs model showed poorer performance than non-followers in respect of non-financial performance. However, no significant differences were found for financial performance. The findings appear to reinforce a recent call to re-examine transaction costs theory and lend further support for incorporating additional potentially important determinants of affiliate performance. |
7.
Yoshitaka Yamazaki 《Management International Review》2010,50(1):81-108
| • | This study investigates expatriate adaptation using a sample of Japanese expatriates in the US. For a comprehensive understanding, home managers in Japan and host managers in the US were also used. |
| • | This study is unique in that it examines expatriate adaptation through an analysis of the change of a fit between 12 learning skills and the skills demands. |
| • | The degree of expatriate adaptation increased in accordance with the length of the current overseas assignment tenure in the host country, along with an increase in job satisfaction. |
8.
| • | Employing detailed industry-level data, this paper examines the country-of-origin effects of foreign direct investment in China. |
| • | The analysis demonstrates that there are significant differences in behaviour between investors from non-Chinese Western (NCW) source countries and those from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan (HMT). |
| • | The findings show that NCW investors target local market, while HMT investors are export-oriented. Furthermore, NCW firms are more responsive to local labour quality and technological capability than their HMT counterparts. |
9.
| • | This paper examines the conditions under which corporate social responsibility (CSR) is related to value creation in the multinational enterprise (MNE). |
| • | Following prior work by Burke and Logsdon (1996), we examine the relationship of centrality, appropriability, proactivity, visibility, and voluntarism to value creation. |
| • | The results of a survey of 111 MNEs in Mexico suggest that centrality, visibility, and voluntarism are related to value creation. |
10.
| • | Both scholars and practitioners have paid much attention to the impact of retaining top-performing knowledge workers on organizational effectiveness. |
| • | This study hypothesizes and analyzes how a bundle of high-commitment human resource practices (HCHRPs) influence affective organizational commitment, a strong predictor of employee turnover, of top performers versus ordinary employees. |
| • | This study suggests that HCHRPs may enable organizations to retain not only ordinary employees but also top performers through their positive impact on employees’ organizational commitment. |
| • | Using a sample of middle level managerial and R&D workers in 11 subsidiaries of a multinational conglomerate located in East Asia, this study showed that a bundle of high commitment human resource practices was positively related to the affective organizational commitment of top performers more than that of lower performers. |
11.
Abstract and Key Results
相似文献
| • | This paper focuses on the overall themes of the issue to examine the interrelationships between innovation, competition and regulatory change in international business. |
| • | It provides a synthesis by highlighting recent interlinked developments in two contrasting industries dominated by large multinationals — pharmaceuticals and automotives, with specific reference to cars. |
| • | This industry based assessment highlights the technical, economic and regulatory forces that have together changed the business environment, innovation processes and nature of competition in the pharmaceutical and automotive industries. |
12.
| • | This paper explores the organizational adjustment in host regions when MNCs switch from their original strategy to a regional strategy. |
| • | MNCs set up sub-regional headquarters (e.g., Greater China sub-regional headquarters) under a regional headquarters (e.g., Asia regional headquarters). A sub-regional headquarters replaces a regional headquarters directly managing subsidiaries within the sub-region. |
| • | The emergence of sub-regional headquarters is in response to the need for a balance between global integration and local responsiveness. An increasing number of decisions are made by sub-regional headquarters, instead of by subsidiaries, a parent, or regional headquarters. |
| • | Industry characteristics and firm’s specific advantages (FSAs) affect the delegation of authority from a parent to regional and sub-regional headquarters. |
13.
Learning through international acquisitions: The process of knowledge acquisition in China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Abstract and Key Results
相似文献
| • | Research on the process of knowledge learning and absorption in acquisition context has emerged recently. Yet relatively less attention has been paid to the process of knowledge transfer and learning and its impact on successful acquisitions. |
| • | This paper adopts a process perspective’ to investigate this issue. Based on four international acquisitions in China, it generates new theoretical propositions as well as practical managerial implications. |
| • | Results reveal the types of knowledge acquired and how it is transferred and learnt to contribute to the success of international acquisitions. The knowledge acquisition and learning process in international context involve three stages: knowledge assessment, knowledge sharing and knowledge assimilation. |
| • | Foreign acquirers tend to acquire complementary knowledge from local targets, adopt dual management structure and facilitate communications with local personnel in order to achieve the success of acquisitions and future operations. |
14.
A new perspective on the regional and global strategies of multinational services firms 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract and Key Results
相似文献
| • | We explore the differences in international strategy between multinational enterprises (MNEs) in services and manufacturing, especially in terms of their international diversification, as measured by their sales and asset dispersion. |
| • | Our longitudinal data show that the largest MNEs in services have a much stronger home-region orientation than manufacturing MNEs. Large MNEs in the services sector average 83.9 percent of their sales in their home region, which is significantly higher than large manufacturing firms at 65.6 percent. |
| • | We explore the possible reasons for the relative lack of globalization of services firms. The two main reasons are: the difficulty of adapting separately upstream activities and downstream activities in high distance host environments, and the difficulty of selecting activity locations as a function of supply side criteria. |
| • | We offer a refinement of regional strategy theory applicable to services MNEs. |
15.
| • | We study why multinational enterprise (MNE) subsidiaries adopt dissimilar political strategies, and seek to advance the understanding of international political strategy from an MNE parent-subsidiary perspective. |
| • | Drawing on the MNE parent-subsidiary literature, we contend factors at the subsidiary, corporate, and host country levels contribute to subsidiary political strategy dissimilarity. We test our hypotheses with a sample of U.S. MNE subsidiaries within Western Europe. |
16.
Christos N. Pitelis 《Management International Review》2009,49(1):95-120
| • | We explore the role of foreign direct investment and (its relationship to) clusters for the competitiveness (and catching-up) of small(er) developing countries. |
| • | We suggest that while size per se need not matter, small(er) developing countries need to explicitly account for any liabilities of smallness when devising and implementing strategies for competitiveness and catching-up. |
| • | We claim that international strategic management scholarship can add insights on this important issue, by complementing extant literature and contributions by international trade and economic development scholarship. |
相似文献
17.
| • | Analyzing the nature of competitive interaction among multinational firms in the tire industry, we find that the histories of the interactions between particular rivals matter. |
| • | The decision to enter a new foreign market in the era of global consolidation is related to the identities of rivals in the market, characteristics of the firm and the market, and the extent of past competitive interactions with the international pioneering firm. |
| • | Results suggest that, in an oligopolistic environment, aspects of multimarket competition are important to foreign direct investment decisions. |
18.
The importance of language in international knowledge transfer 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract and Key Results
相似文献
| • | In this article, we examine the effects of language on the transfer of knowledge within multinational companies. We unbundle language from the culture box and use the basic communication model to show how language affects all stages. |
| • | We also examine a range of influences — cost, transfer medium, teams, networks, trust, staff movements and motivation — on international knowledge transfer to demonstrate how language effects their operation. |
| • | We develop the concept of language as a “reconfiguration agent” to explain its extensive, pervasive, on-going and system-altering characteristics. |
19.
Abstract and Key Results
相似文献
| • | This paper introduces innovation, competition and regulatory change as dominant themes in international business. |
| • | These themes represent focussed trajectories for future research despite diversity in their causes, processes and consequences and the interactions between them which reflect the increasingly complex environment in which managers operate. |
| • | This diversity and the significant interactions between the three areas pose a challenge to scholars, with current research both shedding light on particular aspects and on the interactions between the elements in applied settings as demonstrated by the contributions to this focused issue. |
20.
| • | Using a sample of 628 cross-border alliances established by emerging economies firms across 25 manufacturing and service industries in 64 host countries in the period 1995-2004, we investigate the effect of institutional factors on the adoption of equity alliance mode. |
| • | The findings of this study contribute to empirical research in institutional theory, institutional explanations of cross-border alliances and strategic behavior of emerging economies firms. |
| • | We find support for institutional explanations of the adoption of equity alliance mode by emerging economies firms. |
| • | We also find that institutional effects are contingent on the alliance location. When emerging economies firms establish alliances in developed host countries, their governance choice is most influenced by the normative pillar, followed by the cognitive pillar, with the regulatory pillar having a negligible effect. When the host countries are emerging economies, the regulatory pillar has the strongest influence followed by the cognitive pillar, with the normative pillar having an insignificant effect. |