Theoretical analysis on bending behavior of functionally graded composite beam crack-controlled by ultrahigh toughness cementitious composites

Ultrahigh toughness cementitious composites (UHTCC) obviously show strain hardening property under tensile or bending loading. The failure pattern of the UHTCC components exhibits multiple fine cracks under uniaxial tensile loading with prominent tensile strain capacity in excess of 3%, with merely 60 μm average crack width even corresponding to the ultimate tensile strain state. The approach adopted is based on the concept of functionally-graded concrete, where part of the concrete, which surrounds the main longitudinal reinforcement in a RC (reinforced concrete) member, is strategically replaced with UHTCC with excellent crack-controlling ability. Investigations on bending behavior of functionally-graded composite beam crack controlled by UHTCC has been carried out, including theo- retical analysis, experimental research on long composite beams without web reinforcement, validation and comparison between experimental and theoretical results, and analysis on crack control. In addition to improving bearing capacity, the results indicate that functionally-graded composite beams using UHTCC has been found to be very effective in preventing corrosion-induced damage compared with RC beams. Therefore, durability and service life of the structure could be enhanced. This paper discusses the development of internal force and crack propagation during loading process, and presents analysis of the internal force in different stages, moment-curvature relationship from loading to damage and calculation of mid-span deflection and ductility index. In the end, the theoretical formulae have been validated by experimental results.     

Flexural response of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with post-poured ultra high toughness cementitious composites layer

Four-point bending tests were conducted up to failure on eleven reinforced concrete (RC) beams and strengthening beams to study the effectiveness of externally pouring ultra high toughness cementitious composites (UHTCC) on improving the flexural behavior of existing RC beams.The strengthening materials included UHTCC and high strength grade concrete.The parameters,such as thickness and length of strengthening layer and reinforcement in post-poured layer,were analyzed.The flexural behavior,failure mode and ...     

Tensile and flexural properties of ultra high toughness cemontious composite

The tensile and flexural properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber reinforced ultra high toughness cementitious composite (UHTCC) were investigated. The composite, tested at the age of 14 d, 28 d and 56 d, shows extremely remarkable pseudo strain hardening behavior, saturated multiple cracking and ultra high ultimate strain capacity above 4% under uniaxial loading. Also, the corresponding crack widths are controlled under 50 μm even at 56 days age. In the third point bending tests on thin plate specimens, the composite shows ultra high flexural ductility and multiple cracking on the tension surface. The high ultimate flexural strength/first tensile strength ratio of about 5 verifies the pseudo strain hardening behavior of UHTCC. SEM observation on fracture surfaces provides indirect evidence of optimal design for the composite. Funded by the Hong Kong Research Grant Council(CERG UST6138/04E), the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50438010) and the Research & Application of Key Technology for the South-North Water Transfer Project Construction in China(JGZXJJ2006-13)     

Potential use of strain hardening ECC in permanent formwork with small scale flexural beams

Utilizing pre-cast ECC panels as participating permanent formwork of concrete members, and the validity of using ECC to disperse the single crack in concrete into multiple ones in ECC were studied. In the process, totally two kinds of ECC with different tensile properties, 7 series of flat panels with different top surface figures and 3 U-shape panels with different inner surface forms were investigated. To evaluate the performance of the permanent formworks, small ECC-concrete composite beams were cast and tested mechanically. The 4-point bending test results show that the use of pre-cast ECC panels as permanent formwork can significantly improve the load capacity and toughness of a concrete member, effectively dispersing single widely opened crack in concrete into multiple ones in ECC. Most permanent formworks show perfect bond with the concrete cast on them, while the ones with partially debonded zone achieve the best mechanical performance. The U-shape permanent formworks show better performances than the flat ones, achieving much better improvements in both the load capacity and toughness, together with better crack width control. Funded by the Hong Kong Research Grant Council(No. CERG UST6138/04E), the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50438010), and the Research & Application of Key Technology for the South-North Water Transfer Project Construction in China (No. JGZXJJ2006-13)     

Flexural Strength and Behavior of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams

The strength and deformation characteristics of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete ( PFRC) beams were investigated by four-point bending procedures in this paper. Two kinds of polypropylene fibers with different fiber contents (0.2% , 0.5% , 1.0% and 1.5% ) by volume were used in, the beam, which measured 100 × 100 mm with a span of 300 mm. It was found that the strength of the reinforced concrete beams was significantly decreased, whereas the flexural toughness was improved, compared to those unreinforced concrete beams. Geometry properties and volume contents of polypropylene fiber were considered to be important factors for improving the flexural toughness. Moreover, the composite mechanism between polypropylene fiber and concrete was analyzed and discussed.     

钢筋砼双向受弯梁斜截面受剪承载力计算

在21根双向受弯无腹筋钢砼矩形截面梁的试验研究基础上,推导了无腹筋双弯梁斜截面受到承载力的计算表达式,采用将箍筋与砼分开单独考虑的离散化原则,进一步得出有腹筋双向受弯梁斜截面受剪承载力的计算表达式,11根有腹筋梁的理论计算与试验实测结果平均比值为0．93。     

蒙皮钢筋在高强钢筋混凝土受弯构件中的应用

为了研究配置500 MPa钢筋的混凝土梁的受弯性能,对4根矩形截面混凝土梁进行了受弯破坏试验.考虑到应用500 MPa钢筋作为受力主筋,可能会导致构件在高应力状态下出现过宽裂缝而不能满足结构适用性和耐久性的要求,试验设计了两组配有蒙皮钢筋的梁进行受弯承载力、变形及裂缝宽度的对比研究.试验结果表明,蒙皮钢筋的配置能够有效地减小受弯构件的整体变形,限制裂缝的开展宽度,使得梁在正常使用阶段能够满足裂缝宽度限值要求,可作为控制构件裂缝宽度的一种新型配筋方式.     

内翻U形外包钢组合梁正截面抗弯承载力分析

为研究新型内翻U形外包钢混凝土组合梁正截面抗弯承载力及其构造要求,以已有内翻U型外包钢混凝土组合连续试验梁为参照,建立该组合连续梁非线性有限元模型,模拟组合连续梁有限元模型的荷载跨中挠度曲线,并与相关试验结果对比,验证了该组合梁有限元模型的建模方法和参数选取的合理性与有效性。应用建立的组合连续梁有限元模型,分析了内翻外包钢混凝土组合梁正截面抗弯承载力的主要影响参数。综合内翻U型外包钢混凝土组合连续梁正截面抗弯承载力试验和模拟结果,提出采用简化塑性理论计算组合梁正截面抗弯承载力计算时,组合梁正截面抗弯承载力塑性理论计算值应乘0.96的修正系数。0.96倍组合梁正截面抗弯承载力塑性理论计算值与组合梁有限元模型模拟计算值相比较,发现二者十分接近,偏于安全,提出的组合梁正截面抗弯承载力修正简化塑性理论计算值具有足够的准确性和可靠性。     

低干缩延性材料-混凝土复合梁抗弯性能

为研究延性材料对普通混凝土的增强增韧效果,本文采用低干缩高延性纤维增强水泥基复合材料(LSECC)与普通混凝土复合的方式,从试验与模拟两个方面研究了复合梁的抗弯性能．结果表明,在梁底复合低干缩延性材料后不仅可以提高梁的抗弯承载能力,还大幅提升了梁的延性．当LSECC的强度比上层混凝土的强度高时,复合梁的峰值荷载受LSECC层厚的影响明显,随着层厚的增加而增大．当上层混凝土的强度较高时,复合梁的峰值荷载随LSECC层厚度的变化不明显．基于开裂强度和材料应力裂纹宽度关系的抗弯模型可良好地预测不同材料复合梁的弯曲性能,模型结果与实测值吻合良好,可用于组合结构优化设计．     

有腹筋预应力砼双向受弯构件抗剪强度的计算

根据１０订中荷载作用下有腹筋预应力砼双以弯梁的试验研究,采用负工形梁法,推导出双弯构件斜截面抗剪承载力的计算方法,通过对本次试验的１０根试验梁及别外２０根试件的验证,计算值与实验值符合程度良好。     

超高韧性水泥基材料的制备技术

分别采用活性粉末混凝土（RPC）和渗浇钢纤维混凝土（SIFCON）两种制备工艺,根据水泥基材料结构的多尺度特征,研究了由碳酸钙晶须和微钢纤维复合增强的超高韧性水泥基材料（Ultra-High-Toughness Cementitious Composite,简称UHTCC）的制备技术,测试UHTCC不同配比的抗压强度、抗折强度、抗弯强度以及单轴拉伸性能,采用折压比、韧性指数等多个指标对UHTCC的韧性进行了评价。试验表明：UHTCC的抗压强度、抗折强度、抗弯强度以及延性和韧性都远高于普通钢纤维混凝土,其抗弯强度最高达65.1 MPa、韧性指数I₂₀最高达49.21,单轴拉伸试验时呈现明显的假应变硬化行为,极限拉应变可达4%~8%。相对而言,利用SIFCON工艺制得的水泥基材料韧性更高。     

纤维织物增强高延性混凝土加固RC梁的受弯性能

为了提高钢筋混凝土（RC）梁的受弯承载力,采用纤维织物增强高延性混凝土（TRHDC）对RC梁进行受弯加固,设计2个对比试件和8个TRHDC加固试件.通过四点弯曲试验,研究纵筋配筋率、织物层数和持载水平对RC梁受弯性能的影响.试验结果表明：TRHDC加固梁均发生纵筋屈服、织物被拉断、受压区混凝土被压碎的弯曲破坏;纵筋配筋率为0.93%的TRHDC加固梁在纵筋与混凝土界面出现脱黏裂缝.与RC梁相比,TRHDC加固使梁的开裂荷载、屈服荷载和峰值荷载显著提高,最大提高幅度分别为1.61倍、65.9%和39.2%,裂缝发展被有效限制,但RC梁的位移延性系数降低2.6%～74.5%.增加织物层数将使加固梁的屈服荷载和峰值荷载的提高幅度非线性增加,该变化与纵筋配筋率有关;当持载水平由对比梁屈服荷载的50%升至80%时,加固梁的屈服荷载减小8.6%,峰值荷载及相应挠度分别增大3.2%和13.9%.提出TRHDC加固层滞后应变和TRHDC加固梁受弯承载力的计算方法,所得计算结果与试验结果吻合良好.     

预应力 CFRP 布加固负载混凝土梁抗裂性能分析

为开展预应力碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）布加固混凝土受弯构件时对正截面裂缝影响的研究,设计制作了配筋率不同的2组共计8根试验梁。在承受40％极限荷载的基础上利用预应力CFRP 布对试验梁正截面进行加固,并完成其静载试验,获得混凝土受弯构件在前期加载和加固后的二次受力过程中弯曲段裂缝分布、裂缝宽度和高度的试验数据。在试验数据的基础上,通过理论分析,提出了与《混凝土结构设计规范》相协调的预应力 CFRP 布加固负载混凝土梁弯曲段裂缝平均间距和最大裂缝宽度的计算公式。研究结果表明：二次受力过程中,预应力 CFRP 布能有效抑制裂缝的开展,且随着预拉应力的增加,裂缝平均间距和裂缝宽度均减小。     

新型外包钢-砼组合梁的理论分析

在新型外包钢-混凝土组合梁试验研究的基础上，针对传统的弹性理论方法和塑性理论方法记算组合梁正截面抗弯承载力存在的不足点.根据试验结果，提出理论计算的假定，采用条带法推导其弹塑性状态下的正截面受弯承载力计算公式，并编制了计算程序，得到了7根组合梁整个受力过程中的弯矩-曲率关系曲线.将程序计算结果与“矩形应力块”法的计算结果进行了比较，最后得到外包钢-混凝土组合梁正截面抗弯极限承载力的简化计算公式.     

预应力RPC-NC叠合梁弯曲疲劳性能试验分析

为研究预应力活性粉末混凝土(RPC)-普通混凝土(NC)叠合梁的弯曲疲劳性能,以中国铁路32 m跨度T型梁为原型,设计并制作了4根完全相同的缩尺模型RPC-NC叠合梁,其中1根梁进行静载试验另外3根梁进行等幅疲劳试验.对试验梁在不同疲劳加载循环下的正截面应变分布、受压区NC应变变化、裂缝发展、疲劳挠度及刚度发展的变化规律进行了分析,并将疲劳加载后未发生疲劳破坏的叠合梁、未经历疲劳加载的叠合梁以及相同结构尺寸和配筋情况下的普通混凝土梁的静力弯曲性能进行对比.结果表明:和普通混凝土适筋梁相同,RPC-NC叠合梁的疲劳破坏由非预应力纵筋疲劳断裂引起;在疲劳荷载作用下,截面应变沿截面高度始终近似呈线性分布,RPC-NC叠合梁正截面变形符合平截面假定;疲劳加载结束后,未发生破坏的RPC-NC叠合梁和疲劳加载前相比延性有所下降,但仍大于未经历疲劳加载的普通混凝土梁.根据试验结果,拟合得到试验梁与疲劳加载循环次数有关的刚度退化公式,可为RPC-NC叠合梁的设计提供一定的参考.     

正弯矩区组合扁梁承载性能分析

钢-混凝土组合扁梁中的钢梁内嵌于混凝土楼板之中,最大限度地降低了结构的高度,增强了结构的防火能力．作为框架梁使用时,在竖向荷载作用下,跨中处于正弯矩区;水平荷载作用下,梁的一侧为正弯矩,男一侧为负弯矩．因此,明确正弯矩区组合扁梁的受力性能是进行结构分析的基础．对正弯矩区组合扁梁的抗弯刚度和承载力进行了理论分析,并通过简支梁的试验来验证理论分析结果的合理性,研究结果表明,组合扁梁抗弯承载力的理论值和试验值吻合良好,而刚度的理论值较为保守,主要原因是分析中没有考虑预制混凝土板对刚度的贡献．     

负弯矩作用下腹板开洞组合梁抗剪性能试验研究

摘 要：通过对集中荷载作用下的腹板开洞钢-混凝土组合梁进行试验,研究在负弯矩作用下腹板开洞组合梁的抗剪力学性能。试验结果表明：负弯矩作用下的组合梁腹板开洞后,其刚度和承载力降低很大,洞口区域截面不再符合平截面假定;破坏形式为洞口区混凝土板的剪切破坏,同时洞口区的部分栓钉连接件出现了拔脱现象;另外,通过增加混凝土翼板厚度可以提高负弯矩区腹板开洞组合梁的承载力,增加纵向钢筋配筋率可以提高其变形能力。研究为负弯矩区腹板开洞组合梁的有限元分析和实际应用提供了试验数据。     

HRB500级钢筋混凝土梁受弯刚度试验

为了进一步研究高强钢筋混凝土梁的刚度计算方法,进行了15根HRB500级钢筋混凝土简支梁及2根HRB335级钢筋混凝土对比梁的试验,详细分析了HRB500级钢筋混凝土梁的受弯性能。结果表明：HRB500级钢筋混凝土简支梁正截面符合平截面假定,实测挠度比现行规范计算值略大,相对误差在6%左右,根据该试验和收集的部分高强钢筋混凝土梁的试验数据分析结果,提出了修正后适合HRB500级钢筋混凝土梁的刚度公式,且采用该修正后的公式计算HRB500级钢筋混凝土梁的跨中挠度具有更高的精度。     

简支叠合梁抗弯性能非线性分析

为了准确分析复和材料叠合梁的受弯全过程,考虑到组成叠合梁的各种材料非线性本构关系,基于经典层合理论和有限元基本思想,建立了一种新型层合梁单元,得到了该种类型单元的刚度方程.采用分步加载法进行了钢-混凝土组合试验梁及碳纤维加固混凝土梁在竖向荷载作用下的受弯全过程分析,经过试验验证,复合梁挠度的计算值与试验值有较好的一致性.     

CTRM加固震损短肢剪力墙连梁抗弯性能研究

制作了2个缩尺比例为1:3的“T”字型带连梁短肢剪力墙试验模型,先对两模型施加低周往复荷载,使连梁在端部发生不同程度的预损,即在节点处连梁产生不同程度的弯曲破坏,在不卸除墙体轴力的情况下,用碳纤维网增强的高性能复合砂浆（CTRM）对梁根部破坏部位进行抗弯加固,再施加低周往复荷载,探究加固后短肢剪力墙连梁的抗弯承载力、抗裂性、刚度、延性及耗能能力。试验研究结果表明：采用CTRM加固震损短肢剪力墙连梁是一种有效的加固方法,与原结构相比,加固层使震损的梁端或墙梁节点处抗震性能得到了恢复甚至提升,且震损程度越轻,提升越明显。最后对加固前后的试验模型进行了有限元分析,有限元分析结果与试验结果较符合,说明所建模型较为可靠。