高钛渣制备TiN/β′-Sialon复相导电陶瓷及其性能

以高钛渣合成出的TiN/β′-Sialon粉体作为原料,常压烧结制备了TiN/β′-Sialon复相导电陶瓷。利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对材料相组成和显微结构进行了表征分析,研究了材料的致密化行为、力学性能及常温导电性能。结果表明:烧结产物主晶相为β′-Sialon和TiN。其中β′-Sialon多呈板条状,TiN为细小粒状,粒度多小于0.5μm。烧结温度为1 530℃、初始原料中TiO2加入量为35%(质量分数)时,材料的体积密度为3.01 g/cm3,硬度为9.62 GPa,抗弯强度为120.07 MPa。30%TiO2加入量是决定材料能否形成TiN导电网络的最低TiO2加入量,此时材料的电阻率为1.3×10-2·cm。     

FABRICATION AND PROPERTIES OF TiN/O’-Sialon ELECTROCONDUCTIVE COMPOSITES

以高钛渣为主要原料经碳热还原氮化法合成出廉价的TiN/O'-Sialon粉体作为原料,常压下烧结制备了TiN/O'-Sialon导电复合材料,利用XRD和SEM对其相组成和显微结构进行了表征,研究了初始原料中TiO2加入量对材料的致密化、力学性能及常温导电性能的影响.结果表明:烧结产物由O'-SiMon和TiN组成.O'-Sialon大多呈等轴状,粒度约1-3μm.TiN为细小粒状,粒度多小于0.5μm.初始原料中TiO2加入量为30%的材料,其体积密度为3.1 g/cm3,硬度为9.2 GPa,抗弯强度为169 MPa.25%左右的TiO2加入量是决定材料中TiN能否形成导电网络的最低TiO2加入量,此时材料的电阻率为1.8×10-2Ω·cm.     

Al含量对B4C-AlB12-Al复合材料性能的影响

以B粉、Al粉和B4C粉为原料,采用粉末冶金法在1 200 ℃、高纯氩气保护条件下,烧结制备了B4C-AlB12-Al复合材料.利用XRD和SEM对其相组成和显微结构进行了表征,研究了初始原料中Al含量对材料中AlB12的晶形转变、力学性能和常温导电性能的影响.结果表明:烧结产物由B4C、AlB12、Al及Al3BC和少量Al2O3组成,随Al含量的增加,材料中AlB12的存在形式由α相向β相转变;Al含量大于31.99%时,AlB12完全为β-AlB12相;当原料中Al含量为39.71%时,试样的硬度最高为661 MPa;当Al含量为45.85%时,试样的抗弯强度最高达64 MPa;当Al含量为45.85%左右时,Al的加入量是决定材料能否形成导电网络的最低加入量,此时材料的电阻率为9.82×10-2 -·cm.     

TiN/O′-Sialon导电陶瓷的高温氧化行为(英文)

以高钛渣为主要原料制备的TiN/O′-Sialon导电陶瓷为研究对象,研究TiN/O′-Sialon材料在1200～1300℃下的抗空气氧化行为。采用DTA-TG法研究材料的恒温和变温氧化过程,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和能谱分析检测方法对氧化产物的相组成和显微结构进行表征。结果表明:TiN和O′-Sialon的氧化分别从500℃和1050℃左右开始进行。在1200～1300℃下氧化后的材料表面可形成由Fe2MgTi3O10、SiO2和TiO2组成的较致密的保护膜,其形成主要与材料中TiN含量、氧化产物中SiO2和非晶相数量以及材料显气孔率有关。材料氧化前期遵循直线规律,中后期遵循抛物线规律,其表观活化能分别为1.574×105J/mol和2.693×105J/mol。增加材料中TiN的含量从而导致材料单位面积氧化质量显著增加。     

高钛渣碳热还原氮化合成TiN/O′-Sialon导电陶瓷粉体

以高钛渣、硅灰和高铝矾土熟料为原料,采用碳热还原氮化法合成TiN/O′-Sialon导电陶瓷粉体。利用XRD、SEM和EDS检测手段研究合成温度及恒温时间对粉体相组成和显微形貌的影响,并探讨合成机理。结果表明:随合成温度的升高和恒温时间的延长,产物中O′-Sialon的含量逐渐增加,并在1 375~1 400℃、恒温7 h时成为产物主晶相,此时产物中还有较多TiN和少量β′-Sialon生成。继续提高温度和延长反应时间,体系气氛的改变导致O′-Sialon迅速向β′-Sialon转化。合成粉体中O′-Sialon晶粒多呈等轴状,粒度约2μm,TiN晶粒为细小粒状。此外,反应体系中还有大量白色β′-Sialon晶须状沉积物生成。     

纳米碳化钽对SPS烧结钨显微结构的影响

通过放电等离子体烧结(SPS)方法在1700℃下制备纳米碳化钽(TaC)弥散强化钨块,研究钨粉原始粉末粒度大小和添加碳化钽的量对烧结钨块微观组织的影响。结果表明:不同粒度钨粉(30nm、200nm和3μm)制备的钨块,烧结后的粒径随原始粉末粒度的增大而增大,3μm钨粉烧结后的晶粒平均直径为22.19μm;同一种粒度钨粉(如200nm)中分别添加质量分数为0%,1%,2%和4%的碳化钽,烧结后钨晶粒的平均直径随碳化钽添加量的增加而减小,加入量为4%时晶粒平均直径为5.91μm。通过SEM分析可以看出,碳化钽在烧结钨中是以球形状态存在的。从断口可以看出,纯钨烧结体为穿晶断裂,加入碳化钽的钨烧结体为晶间断裂。     

ZrB2陶瓷的自蔓延高温合成和热压烧结

采用自蔓延高温合成(SHS)技术研究了Zr-B2O3-Mg体系反应原料的不同粒度和掺量对反应产物的影响规律,并采用热压烧结方法烧结得到ZrB2陶瓷.先用XRD对材料的相组成进行了分析;再通过化学分析测定精确的相组成;由SHS研究装置测量燃烧温度;由SEM观察材料的显微结构;用排水法测定烧结体的密度.研究结果表明:Zr粉粒径为50μm和Mg过量15%(摩尔分数)时的反应体系是最理想的SHS反应体系,SHS产物粒径为2～5 μm.酸洗产物粒径为0.5～2 μm;其中含有ZrB2(94.59%,质量分数,下同),ZrO2(3.87%),H3BO3(1.54%).烧结体是单相的ZrB2陶瓷;粒径为2～10μm;相对密度为95.4%.     

外刊撷英

放电等离子烧结TiO2-TiN晶相和热电特性日本秋田县产业技术中心营原靖等人以TiO2和TiN混合粉为原料,平均粒径分别为2～4μm和1.26μm,TiO2-m%(分子比)TiN中m值分别为0、1、3、5、8、10、12及20。混合粉料放入石墨模内,借助放电等离子烧结装置,烧结温度为1 000℃,压力为50MPa,升温速度为50℃/m,保温时间为10min。X-射线衍射和扫描电镜分析表明,m=0和m=1时,烧结体晶相为金红石型TiO2相;m=3时,TiO2相消失,形成了TiO1-93相;m=5～20时,形成TinOn-1相。m=12时,50℃下的电导率达到     

原位反应合成TiN／Al2O3复合材料

以Al和TiO2为初始原料，经高能球磨及热压烧结工艺，原位合成了TiN／Al2O3复合材料。利用DTA，XRD及SEM等方法结合热力学计算，研究了该粉体的高能球磨过程和球磨粉体在后续热处理中的物相形成及转化规律。同时研究了以高能球磨及热压烧结工艺所制备的复合材料的力学性能和显微结构。结果表明：在球磨过程中粉料吸附并溶解了N2气，在后续热处理中原位反应形成了Ti2AlN相，当温度升高到一定程度时分解形成TiN，这有助于材料的致密化并使其力学性能提高。球磨粉体在1300℃、30MPa、保温、保压60min热压烧结条件下，可得到性能优异的TiN/Al2O3复合材料，该材料的抗弯强度为850MPa，断裂韧性为5．7MPa·m^1/2。     

自蔓延高温烧结制备碳化钛陶瓷结合剂CBN复合材料

采用Ti/C/CBN粉体为原料,通过自蔓延高温烧结(SHS)技术,制备了TiC结合剂CBN复合材料。研究了Al添加剂与CBN粒度对烧结试样的物相组成与显微形貌的影响。研究结果表明:Ti/C/CBN试样(质量分数为10%CBN)反应后可生成TiC为主相的材料,同时CBN与Ti反应生成TiN和TiB2。但在反应后CBN发生严重的热损伤,颗粒上出现大量裂纹。在原料中添加适量Al,可避免CBN严重的热损伤,同时生成TiN、TiB2、Al3Ti、AlB2等物相。SHS反应后,较粗粒度的CBN颗粒表面会形成平均粒径约2.3μm的表面组织,而较细粒度的CBN颗粒与基体反应程度较大,部分CBN与基体元素反应形成过渡层,过渡层中组织的平均粒径约0.8μm。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.