再生聚合物异性混容技术研究

综述了不同极性聚合物材料共混界面的相容性、改善相容性的方法以及增容技术的应用,重点介绍了利用第３组分增容双组分（聚丙烯／聚氯乙烯）和多组分混杂废旧异性塑料共混物的混容技术。对通过粉碎技术、注挤法成型、挤出成型、模压成型、注射成型等５种加工方法获得高附加值制品的加工工艺及相关设备的研究现状做了介绍。此外,对如何进一步开展不分类废旧塑料的再生利用提出了一些建议。     

利用多种废旧物开发新型包装材料

近日,武汉现代工业技术研究院成功研究出一种利用废旧木材及农作物秸杆、稻壳、花生壳与废旧塑料(如聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯等)共混生产环保型托盘、支撑架、垫板和包装箱面板等多种     

废旧PE/PP共混体系的增容改性研究进展

聚乙烯（PE）和聚丙烯（PP）是目前生产量和消费量较大的两种塑料,且废弃物总量较多。针对废旧PE/PP的合理利用,探究不同的处理方式。由于简单共混容易导致共混物的力学性能下降,因此,对改善废旧PE/PP的相容性进行探究,分析废旧PE/PP共混物再利用的影响因素,概述常用的增容方法,同时介绍共混物增容策略的研究进展,对增容体系的发展方向进行展望,并重点对纳米增容的前景进行探讨。     

塑料废弃物共混相容性对改性磷渣/塑料废弃物复合模板力学性能的影响

以塑料废弃物(PE、PP、PS、PVC)与改性磷渣作为原料,采用挤塑辊压成型工艺生产复合模板。通过对两种或两种以上的塑料废弃物共混相容性进行研究,对样品的成型可能性及其相关力学性能进行了比较;通过对样品宏观形貌的观察,选出了较好的塑料废弃物共混组合及配比。结果表明:废旧PVC不适合与废旧PE、PP、PS共混,而废旧PE与PP的共混相容效果最好。当复合模板中改性磷渣与塑料废弃物比例为1:2(质量比),且塑料废弃物中废旧PE与PP的比例为2:3(质量比)时,复合模板的力学性能最佳。     

PVC—PE 共混体系的研究进展

本文简要介绍了不相容聚合物共混中增容剂的作用,聚合物共混物的制备、分析及相容性表征的常用方法。在此基础上,详细讨论了两种通用的聚合物——聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯共混的发展概况。从现有文献看,聚氯乙烯/聚乙烯共混改性是一项难度较大的研究课题,其共混材料具有较好的实际使用前景。     

不同注塑方法及HDPE/iPP共混物组成对附生结晶的影响

主要研究了等规聚丙烯/高密度聚乙烯共混物中等规聚丙烯含量和不同注塑成型方法对附生结晶的影响.实验中分别利用微注塑成型和普通注塑成型获得不同尺度的样品,并且利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和二维广角X射线衍射(2D-WAXD)对制品的结晶行为进行了研究.实验结果表明:微注塑成型方法与具有相对较高聚丙烯含量的结合有利于高密度聚乙烯/等规聚丙烯共混物中附生结晶的产生.     

分子加合物法分离线形聚乙烯并鉴别乙—丙嵌段共聚物

通过将脲-正十六烷分子加合物置换成脲-聚乙烯加合物的方法,从聚乙烯、聚丙烯共混物中分离出线形聚乙烯。低压聚乙烯样品经四次分离,回收率可达85%左右,因此这是一种较简便的分离线形聚乙烯的方法。对几种国产和进口乙—丙嵌段共聚物进行鉴别时发现线性聚乙烯均聚物的含量均低于1%,说明它们基本上不是聚丙烯和聚乙烯两种均聚物的共混物。     

废旧胶粉/聚丙烯共混物的制备及性能研究

熔融接枝法制得的马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯5076(MAH-g-5076)可改善聚丙烯与废旧胶粉的界面相容性,高熔体质量流动速率聚丙烯MF650Y可改善废旧胶粉/聚丙烯共混物的流动性能,利用双螺杆挤出机挤出制得高性能、易加工的废旧胶粉/聚丙烯共混物,研究MF650Y用量对共混物性能的影响。结果表明:随着MF650Y用量(MF650Y和MAH-g-5076用量共30份)的增大,共混物的拉伸强度先增大后减小,在MF650Y用量为5~10份范围内达到最大值,拉断伸长率呈现震荡减小趋势,熔体质量流动速率增大;随着角频率的增大,共混物的复数粘度(η*)减小,储能模量(G′)和损耗模量趋于增大,当MF650Y用量为5份时,共混物的η*和G′最大;MF650Y用量为10份时有助于保护C=C键及抑制交联反应,此时聚丙烯与废旧胶粉相容性较好,两相界面结合能力较强,共混物无明显孔洞。     

废旧塑料开发应用大有可为

废旧塑料主要是指用聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯等制成的塑料薄膜、化肥袋、水泥编织袋、食品塑料袋、快餐盒、以及电器、机械的泡沫包装板。     

聚合物/木质素共混复合材料的研究进展

综述了木质素与聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯共混复合材料的制备、性能及其应用,并对其存在的问题及发展趋势进行了分析。     

共混比及聚合物浓度对PVC/PVB相容性及超滤膜性能结构的影响

通过混合焓的计算,对不同共混比和聚合物浓度的聚氯乙烯(PVC)/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)共混比体系的相容性进行预测,并通过稀溶液黏度(DSV)法、运动黏度法和目视法进行相应验证;以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为溶剂,通过湿相转换法(NIPS)制备PVC/PVB共混平板超滤膜,并对超滤膜的性能和结构进行测试,系统地研究了PVC/PVB共混铸膜液的组成对平板超滤膜的结构及其分离性能的影响,为通过PVB共混改性PVC膜材料制备超滤膜提供了理论依据。     

Absorption of trioctyl trimellitate into mass‐polymerization and suspension‐polymerization poly(vinyl chloride)

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) slush powder has been widely used; we prepared it by dry blending. We found that the absorption of plasticizer by the PVC resins was the most important factor in the dry‐blending process and, further, that different types of PVC resin had different absorption rates. This results of this study provide new information about the relationship of absorption to PVC and other parameters. Haake rheomix testing and the quantity of plasticizers absorbed by the PVC resins were used to characterize the absorption process. Suspension‐polymerization poly(vinyl chloride) (SPVC) and mass‐polymerization poly(vinyl chloride) (MPVC) in different sizes were used for the test. The results showed that the MPVC absorbed the plasticizer more quickly than SPVC, especially at a higher temperature. However, for the same PVC resin type, the absorbing speeds were nearly independent of particle size. The studies that used a scanning electric microscope and specific surface area revealed that the morphology of the two types of particles was different. The surfaces of the individual particles of SPVC were smoother than those of MPVC. There was a “skin” covering the SPVC particles, whereas with the MPVC particles, the primary polymer was exposed directly on the surface. This difference in morphology was shown to be a significant factor in the different rates of absorption of the plasticizers for the different PVC resins. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 2369–2374, 2004     

PVC/ABS合金国内最新研究进展

综述了国内PVC/ABS合金的生产现状和最新研究进展,从PVC/ABS合金的组成、成型方法和加工影响因素3个方面描述了合金的共混改性,并对国内PVC/ABS合金的发展提出了一些建议.     

超临界CO2/PVC微孔塑料连续挤出成型技术

阐述超临界CO2与聚氯乙烯（PVC）的相互作用，从微孔塑料成型过程的三个阶段出发，论证了用超临界CO2作为PVC微孔塑料发泡剂的可行性，并提出一种适合于PVC微孔塑料连续挤出生产的新的成型技术－－PVC微孔塑料的电磁动态挤出成型技术。可以预见，电磁动态挤出成型可降低加工温度、提高混合效果、易于生成大量细密泡孔，以及有效控制发泡过程。     

NBR/Nano-BaSO4复合增韧PVC压延膜基体材料性能研究

用机械共混法制备了聚氯乙烯(PVC)/纳米硫酸钡(Nano-BaSO4)/丁腈橡胶(NBR)复合材料。通过压制成型制备标准試样,使用万能试验机测试复合材料拉伸强度、撕裂强度、悬臂梁缺口冲击强度,高阻抗分析仪测试表面电阻率,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及热重分析仪(TG)进行微观形貌及热重分析,探究了NBR、Nano-BaSO4的加入量对复合材料力学性能、导电性能、热稳定性以及微观结构的影响。结果表明,NBR和Nano-BaSO4可协同增韧PVC,随着NBR和Nano-BaSO4加入量的增大,PVC复合体系的断裂伸长率、悬臂梁缺口冲击强度先增加后减少;复合体系的表面电阻率随着NBR加入量的增大而逐渐下降,随着Nano-BaSO4加入量的增大而不断上升;TG结果表明,NBR能改善PVC体系的热稳定性;SEM结果表明,NBR与PVC相容性良好。     

A Reactive Blending Method for Preparation of Polyvinyl Chloride/Thermosetting Polyurethane Blends

An attempt was made to prepare polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/thermosetting polyurethane (PU) blends via direct formation of the thermosetting minor phase from its reactants during blending into PVC. Chemorheological approaches were employed in order to investigate the formation reaction of PU. The results of chemorheological analyses were utilized to adjust appropriate reactive blending temperature. PVC/PU reactive blending process was carried out in a laboratory internal mixer. PVC and PU reactive mixture were fed into the internal mixer using two different feed orders. In the first method, porous particles of PVC and liquid mixture of PU monomers were premixed in a high-speed mixer at ambient temperature. The blending was then followed by processing the prepared paste in the preheated internal mixer. In the second method, PVC was loaded into the internal mixer. Afterward, PU reactive compound was introduced into the PVC after torque equilibrium. For both feed orders, the PU content of blends and rotor speed were among parameters studied. The mechanical properties of PVC/PU blends prepared by reactive blending and pure PVC showed that incorporation of PU elastomer into PVC through the proposed reactive blending technique resulted in an increase in the elongation at break and toughness of the brittle PVC.     

ACR/纳米SiO2复合粒子的合成及其对PVC的增韧作用

研究了细乳液聚合制备ACR/纳米SiO2复合粒子及其对PVC的增韧作用。对丙烯酸酯单体中的纳米SiO2粒子进行偶联改性,提高了ACR对纳米粒子的包覆率和接枝率,复合粒子与PVC共混后纳米SiO2粒子在PVC基体中的分散性好。复合粒子对PVC的增韧效果明显优于纳米SiO2粒子和未改性ACR共聚物,复合粒子的用量较少时,就可明显提高PVC的冲击强度。     

PVC共混增韧改性研究进展

阐述了近年来国内外聚氯乙烯(PVC)共混增韧改性的研究进展;介绍了PVC化学改性和物理改性;探讨了PVC弹性体共混增韧改性和刚性粒子共混增韧改性,尤其是纳米粒子共混增韧改性,指出了PVC共混增韧改性的研究前景及发展方向。     

有机锡参与合成P(BA-EHA)/PVC及共混改性PVC的结构与性能

通过种子乳液聚合方法,采用丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯(EHA)为核层单体,与少量有机锡单体共聚制备了含有机锡的P(BA-EHA)胶乳,与氯乙烯(VC)乳液接枝共聚合成了P(BA-EHA)/PVC复合改性剂。通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、动态力学分析仪(DMA)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等测试手段,考察了复合乳胶粒子和共混材料的形态结构、复合改性剂中有机锡含量对其共混改性PVC材料的力学性能及复合粒子热稳定性的影响。DMA和TEM分析结果表明:复合粒子的加入显著改善了橡胶相与PVC之间的相容性,P(BA-EHA)在PVC基体中具有很好的分散性和均匀度,SEM照片显示共混材料缺口断面表现为优异的基体屈服型断裂韧性。     

Effect of matrix composition on the fracture behavior of rubber-modified PMMA/PVC blends

Summary PB-g-MMA core-shell impact modifiers were synthesized by seed emulsion polymerization and impact-modified PMMA/PVC blends were prepared by melt blending PMMA, PVC and PB-g-MMA at 160 °C. The PB-g-MMA particles were dispersed uniformly in the PMMA/PVC matrix. PMMA/PVC blends were prepared in the blend ratio from 100/0 to 0/100 and the rubber content was kept 16% in all the compositions. The effects of matrix composition on the mechanical properties and morphology of the blends were studied. It was found that when the matrix was a PMMA-rich system, the sample broke in a brittle mode and crazing of the matrix was the main mechanisms of deformation. When the matrix was a PVC-rich system, the sample broke in a ductile mode and the main deformation mechanisms were cavitation of the particle and shear yielding of the matrix. There existed a transition from crazing to shear yielding in the rubber-modified PMMA/PVC blend as the matrix composition varied.