一种A/D转换器静态参数的低成本测试方法

在IC产业链中，测试是必不可少的环节之一，而如何降低过高的测试成本也逐渐成为研究的热点。本文基于伺服环方法和权位点测试法提出了一种A／D转换器静态参数的低成本测试方法，并在自主开发的JC-3196A集成电路测试系统上实现。该方法具有普遍的适用性，对降低数模混合信号集成电路的测试成本具有重要意义。     

基于改进 Blob 分析的机器人批量搬运纠偏研究

为了解决工业机器人在快节拍搬运任务中因为机械定位误差导致无法正确放置产品的问题，提出了一种基于改进Blob分析的两点纠偏定位的两步法策略。第1步基于机器视觉与图像处理技术利用改进的Blob分析方法识别出定位点，第2步利用平面仿射变换原理快速定位大量产品的位置。其中改进的Blob分析方法基于图像灰度反转、直方图均衡化、图像滤波技术结合阈值分水岭分割算法实现了对有限光照条件下不易成像的黑色托盘图像中定位圆形特征的可靠分割与圆心坐标提取。从而第2步的两点定位的托盘定位策略根据可靠的托盘圆心位置结果来计算托盘偏移前后的平面仿射变换矩阵以完成托盘的纠偏功能。最后通过在实际生产线的搬运工站实验证明基于改进Blob分析的两点纠偏定位的两步法策略的托盘识别准确性和召回率分别为99.75%和99.75%,同时产品的搬运时间降低了20.52%,提高了机器人下料系统的可靠性和效率。     

A／D转换器线性误差动态测试技术

本文利用直方图测试理论并通过相应的数字运算以求解Ａ／Ｄ转换器的线性误差,从而对一种在动态输入条件下基于计算机控制的Ａ／Ｄ转换器测试技术进行了分析探讨。     

Sliding mode current control of a NOCULL converter based on hysteresis modulation method in a wide range of operating conditions

This study presents a novel control scheme for voltage regulation of a negative output cascade ultra-lift Luo converter (NOCULLC). Due to the complicated high order model of the converter, its performance is degraded against large load variations, input voltage changes and parametric uncertainties. In order to enhance the converter behavior, a PI compensator and a sliding mode current controller are combined to control the fourth order NOCULLC worked in a wide range of operating conditions. Because of the non-minimum phase structure of the converter, the output voltage of the converter is indirectly regulated by enforcing the input inductor current to track its reference signal. The sliding mode current controller improves the dynamic and static performances of the converter by minimizing the inrush current of the input inductor of the converter and also, the PI controller eliminates the steady state error of the output voltage of the converter. The closed loop system stability is demonstrated by using sliding mode theory. Furthermore, this paper proposes a systematic procedure to compute the gains of the controller based on the stability constraints which guarantees robustness of the developed controller. The experimental results show the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed controller against parametric variations and uncertainties of the converter. Also, a comprehensive comparison of the general aspects of the properties between the developed method and other existed controllers is provided.     

Calibration of the Lorentz force flowmeter

The Lorentz force flowmeter (LFF) is a measuring device utilizing localized static magnetic fields for the non-contact measurement of the flow rate in electrically conducting fluids. In case of highly aggressive or high-temperature conductive fluids, it is difficult to reproduce in a laboratory the conditions typically met in application. Hence, calibration becomes a difficult task. For the LFF used for open channel flow measurement in liquid aluminum, we adapt a robust calibration method. This method utilizes reference device calibration data to calibrate other devices. In a first step, liquid calibration involving the fluid flow is performed in a reference open channel with a given reference LFF device. In a second step, the liquid calibration characteristic is transferred from the reference LFF device to the test LFF device during a dry calibration procedure, in which liquid metal flow is replaced by the motion of solid metal bars through the magnet systems of both reference and test devices. Hence, the liquid calibration is needed once for the reference device only. This combined calibration strategy may also be applied to similar measurement devices.     

基于ARM9&Linux的AD转换的实现

AD转换是信号处理过程中模拟量和数字量转化的重要渠道,是信号处理过程中必不可少的一个环节.设计主要在基于工业级ARM9263处理器和嵌入式Linux操作系统的基础上,分别介绍了分辨率为12位的串行AD转换器TLC2543的主要特点和工作原理,设计了TLC2543转换器与9263处理器的接口电路,基于接口电路原理图编写了AD转换的驱动程序和相应的测试程序,借助Linux系统下的交叉编译工具分别编译驱动程序和测试程序,生成可在PC机下的超级终端运行的可执行文件,最终实现AD转换.     

锥形光纤在空间光通信耦合系统中的应用

为了提高自由空间光通信的接收端耦合效率,将锥形光纤应用于光耦合,依据BPM算法的仿真结果使用熔融拉锥法制备了满足低损传输条件的锥形光纤。在实验上研究了锥形光纤和双锥形光纤模场传输特性。通过静态空间光-光纤耦合实验,对比了多/单模熔接光纤和锥形光纤光耦合效率和传输效率的差异,并研究了以上两种光纤结构耦合效率的横向偏移量容差。结果表明,锥形光纤的传输效率约为70%,具有低损传输特性、用于匹配后端单模光电子器件的良好滤波特性以及相比普通光纤更高的横向偏移量容差特性,因此可以广泛应用于自由空间光通信接收端光耦合、模式转换器等方面。     

直流电子式电压互感器阶跃响应特性现场试验方法及装置

直流电压互感器的暂态阶跃特性对直流系统控保装置至关重要,首先研究了影响直流电子式电压互感器暂态传变特性 的因素,分析了阶跃响应技术参数及其试验装置性能指标要求。 基于此,提出一种直流电压互感器阶跃响应特性现场试验方 法,研制出基于固态开关的阶跃电压源及试验装置,实现了陡上升、长脉宽方波电压输出和暂态信号的同步测量。 试验结果表 明,提出的直流电子式电压互感器阶跃响应特性现场试验方法及装置满足标准规定要求,并在实际±500 kV 直流工程换流站开 展了阶跃响应现场试验,为直流电压互感器的暂态性能测试和评估提供了技术依据。     

A new digital background calibration for redundant radix-4 pipelined ADCs by modeling of adaptive filter for linear and nonlinear errors

In this paper a new digital background correction and calibration technique for redundant multi-bit pipeline stages is presented. In this method output voltage of each stage in converter is defined as sum of the ideal product and error signal, which error voltage include of linear non-ideal section or first order error and nonlinearity undesired signal or third order error. Linear error is formed by capacitor mismatch, op-amp offset, comparator offset and finite op-amp gain effects. Nonlinear error is deformed the output voltage depend on the nonlinear results of open loop residue amplifier. Correction begins with separately calculation and cancelation of the nonlinear and linear errors respectively. For calibration of each stage at first step, the nonlinear effects in digital output of backend ADC is eliminated and then by digital modeling of first order analog error the influence of this unfavorable signal is diminished from digital equivalent of input voltage. Therefore for cancelation of non-ideal impairment in each stage a digital filter consist of linear and nonlinear channel in digital domain is designed. The first order and third order coefficients of designed digital function are unknown and should by a pertinent method be estimated simultaneously. Adaptive filter are best choose for this method. Simulation results show that INL/DNL parameters of 14-bit radix-4 pipelined converter are improved from 17LSB/3LSB to 0.45LSB/0.41LSB after calibration. The SNDR/SFDR parameters are increased from 30 dB/36 dB to 83 dB/90 dB.     

转盘轴承静载荷承载曲线的创建

论述转盘轴承静载荷承载曲线创建的依据和计算方法，定义了静载荷接触应力许用水平的条件，陈述承载曲线的创建方法与步骤。并以点和直线的斜率举例说明绘制转盘轴承静载荷承载曲线的全过程。     

差动电容传感器在卷绕机偏移量测量控制中的应用

介绍了一种新型差动电容式传感器及其构成的控制系统。这种传感器由两片固定金属极板和一片可动极板形成差动式电容结构,在微小偏移作用下,通过动极板引起极板之间电容参数值的变化,进而实现对卷绕机微小偏移量的测量和控制。该控制系统结构简单,反应迅速,能够较好地应用于卷绕机纠偏装置中。     

一种基于神经网络的 THD 参数快速估计算法

模数转换器(ADC)测试主要包括静态参数和动态参数两个测试过程。随着性能的提升,ADC的测试复杂度和成本也急剧增加。替代测试,即通过分析两类参数间的关系来实现一个测试过程得到两类参数,已被证明是降低ADC测试复杂度和成本的主要方案之一。本文通过构建基于人工神经网络的参数预测模型来实现替代测试,模型以总谐波失真为预测目标,以静态性能参数为输入特征。针对高维的ADC非线性曲线,文章结合统计分析和主成分分析设计了专用的特征提取方法,在降低特征维度的同时尽可能地减少了信息损失。模型在测试集上的预测结果与参考值的均方误差和拟合优度分别达到了1.15 dB和0.6,显著优于相关对比模型。此外,在SHAP解释器的框架下分析了上述模型的预测目标和特征变量之间的依赖关系,并得到了有意义的结果。     

A new method for integrating analog to digital conversion based on error reduction

This paper presents a method for eliminating errors of electronic components in integrating analog to digital converters. Offset error in integrator, comparator and amplifiers of dual-slope converter is a great limitation for increasing the resolution of this type of analog to digital converter. The paper proposes an idea that effectively eliminates offset error of integrator and reduces errors of other components. To validate the efficiency of the proposed method, simulation and experimental results are represented in this paper. As a result, this method can potentially allow a cost-effective design of high-resolution ADCs with low performance Op-Amps.     

DIAGNOSTIC RULE EXTRACTION FROM TRAINED FEEDFORWARD NEURAL NETWORKS

This paper describes a method of extracting diagnostic rules from trained diagnostic feedforward neural nets that are constructed to recognise different mechanical faults using automated weight and structure learning algorithms. The rule extracting method is based on an interpretation that considers hidden neurons as partitions in the input space. An initial set of rules is then generated from the training data and the subspaces defined by the partitions. A procedure consisting of a number of algorithms is then used to simplify and reduce the set of initial rules step by step. To demonstrate and evaluate the rule extraction method, diagnostic rules for detecting a high-pressure air compressor's (HPAC) suction and discharge valve faults were extracted from static measurements including temperatures and pressures of various stages of the compressor.     

基于内流场分析的液力变矩器改型设计

为了提高液力变矩器的外特性,使其与发动机匹配良好,利用CFD软件对液力变矩器内流场进行三元流场数值计算和分析,在此基础上根据性能要求对原有变矩器作改型设计,改进了叶型进出口角、骨线形状和厚度分布等参数,以期得到分布合理的内流场,从而使改型后的变矩器具有符合要求的更优的外特性。改型后的液力变矩器具有更高的效率和与发动机匹配更优的泵轮容量系数,试验结果与计算结果非常吻合,改型设计效果良好。     

介电型电活性聚合物圆柱驱动器特性

介电型电活性聚合物(Electroactive polymer, EAP)驱动器的动、静态特性是其合理使用及优化设计的重要依据。构建圆柱形驱动器几何模型描述其几何变形,结合EAP膜机电耦合方程推导驱动器轴向线性运动的动力学方程。驱动器的电压-位移数值计算结果显示内外层EAP膜柔性电极涂覆方式会影响驱动器位移。基于驱动器的电压位移关系,对其主要失效形式进行讨论。将基于neo-Hookean弹簧的1个时间常数黏弹性模型修正为具有2个时间常数的模型,并将2种模型运用于阶跃和周期电压激励下的驱动器动态响应研究。理论计算与试验结果的对比分析表明,2个时间常数的黏弹性模型对驱动器的动态位移描述更为准确。在周期激励电压下,提高频率会显著减小驱动器位移幅值,驱动器的“激励死区”会减小其振动中心偏移及振动幅度。     

A palmprint based biometric authentication system using dual tree complex wavelet transform

Palmprint identification has emerged as one of the most popular and promising biometric modalities for personal identity verification due to its ease of acquisition, non-invasive procedure, high user acceptance and reliability. This paper proposes the development of a new method for palmprint based biometric authentication which utilizes the textural information available on the palmprint by employing the Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT). The method proposes to construct a region of interest (ROI) for the scanned color images of the palm, and then determine a histogram of the two dimensional image. This enables to utilize a feature extraction module, implemented using the one-dimensional (1D) Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT) on the histogram signal. The DTCWT is an improvement over the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) as it provides nearly shift invariant performance, reduced aliasing and directional wavelets in higher dimensions. Backpropagation neural-network (BPNN) based binary classifiers are developed for authentication utilizing the features extracted. The system is developed on the basis of several scanned color images of palms of individuals in real-life, in our laboratory. The experimental results obtained from the data have demonstrated the utility of the proposed system, by exhibiting an overall mean accuracy as high as 98.35%.     

Pull-in Voltage of Electrostatically-Actuated Microbeams in Terms of Lumped Model Pull-in Voltage Using Novel Design Corrective Coefficients

In this paper, we present a study of the static and dynamic responses of a fixed?Cfixed and cantilever microbeam (using both the lumped and the distributed models) to a DC and a step DC voltage. A Galerkin-based step by step linearization method and a Galerkin-based reduced order model have been used to solve the governing static and dynamic equations, respectively. The calculated static and dynamic pull-in voltages have been validated by previous experimental and theoretical results and a good agreement has been achieved. The introduction of novel design corrective coefficients, independent of the beam??s material and geometric properties, results in a closed form relationship between static pull-in voltage of the lumped model and static & dynamic pull-in voltages of the distributed models, and takes into account the residual stresses, axial force and damping effects. Multiplying these design coefficients with the static pull-in voltage of the lumped model, the static and dynamic pull-in voltage of a given microbeam can be obtained without the need to solve the nonlinear governing equations.     

Time tick based method for measuring static errors of ADC

This paper presents a novel Time Tick based Built In Self Test (TT BIST) for measuring the static errors of an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC). The proposed method determines the period elapsed during transition between two consecutive digital levels and compares it with the ideal period of transition. A counter that works, at higher speed relative to the sampling rate of the ADC under test, is used. It counts the number of time ticks occurred during every transition. The required ramp signal is generated dynamically, using current source with digital switch for selecting the equivalent test signal. Further to support testing of errors in ratiometric ADC, a slope conditioning module is also implemented. The entire computation cycle is done in a single ramp cycle whereas in conventional histogram method multiple waveforms are required. Thus, the proposed TT method requires less time to achieve desired accuracy levels by choosing the appropriate slope of the ramp signal.     

利用多分辨率直方图特征分类数字X光乳腺图像

提出了一种结合多分辨率直方图特征表示与核学习算法的数字X光乳腺图像的分类方法。该方法不依赖特征选择步骤,而是基于感兴趣区(ROI)的高维多分辨率直方图特征,通过从训练实例中学习,同时检测多种异常的ROI。对该方法进行接收器工作特性(ROC)分析,敏感性约为89%,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)接近0.91。与以前所提出的检测方法相比,该方法不需要针对特定类型病变选择特征表示,因此可以同时检测多种类型的病变,简化了检测过程,提高了检测效率,而且分类性能也达到或超过了以前方法的平均分类性能。结果表明,利用多分辨率直方图特征表示能够很好地区分乳腺图像中正常和异常区域,同时也显示了借助核学习算法消除或限制分类任务中特征选择步骤的可能性。